UNIT IV.

LITERARY MASTERPIECES OF JOSE RIZAL

Overview
This unit presents some of the most significant literary masterpieces of Dr. Jose
Rizal reflecting the lives of Filipinos under the Spanish colonization. Rizal wrote mostly in
Spanish, the lingua franca of the Spanish East Indies, though some of his letters were
written in Tagalog. His works have been translated into several languages, including
Tagalog and English.

Learning Objectives

At the end of the unit, I am able to:

1. appreciate Rizal’s use of history to arouse nationalism;
2. appraise important characters in the novels (Noli and El Fili) and what they
represent;
3. compare and contrast the characters, plot, and theme of Noli and El Fili;
4. assess Rizal’s writings; and
5. appraise the value of understanding the past.

Setting Up

Name: _____________________________________________________ Date: ____________________

Course/Year/Section: ___________________________________

Directions: Answer the following questions concisely. Write it down on the space provided.

1. Have you experienced writing a literary piece? What would be the topic of your
literary piece if you were given a chance to write one?

No, I have not written any literary piece. If given a chance to write a literary piece, I will
write about the Filipino youth of 20th century, their challenges and experiences and how
they cope living in the world of fast evolving technology.

2. As we all know, Dr. Jose Rizal published great literary pieces. Think and choose one
of his pieces, and outline its content briefly, according to what you have
remembered.

I will choose Noli Me Tangere, a book we were task to read and study during high
school level.

Lesson Proper

1
JOSE RIZAL'S ANNOTATION OF MORGA'S SUCESOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas or “The Events in the Philippine Islands" was written
and published by Antonio de Morga in Mexico in 1609. It is one of the most vital records
detailing the history of the Spanish colonization in the Philippines. It talks about the history
of wars, intrigues, diplomacy, and evangelization of the Philippine island.
Antonio de Morga
• Antonio de Morga was a Spanish soldier, a lawyer who has a doctorate in canon law
and civil law, and a high-ranking colonial official for 43 years. He was also a
historian.  He was the first person to write formal documentation of the Spanish
colonization. Morga was personally involved in the conquest and had firsthand
encounters with most of the accounts he cited. His purpose for writing Sucesos de
las Islas Filipinas is to document the Spanish kingdom's achievements in the
conquest and conversion of the islands of Filipinas or the Philippines.
• Dr. Jose Rizal annotated this document with a prologue by his friend — Dr.
Ferdinand Blumentritt, an Austrian teacher and an author of the book in the
Philippines' ethnography.
Keyword: Annotation – a note added by way of comment or explanation
Antonio de Morga’s Version
Morga's book was written in Spanish and reflected his bias over Spanish superiority.
Found in the book were the knowledge, documentations, keen observations, and direct
involvement of events during the Spanish colonization in the Philippines from 1493 to
1603. It contains various information about the political, social, and economic aspects of
the Philippines and Spain. This document considered as valuable as Morga had access to
the survivors of the colony, and he, himself, participated in many of the accounts he
rendered.
Morga’s purpose for writing Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
Morga wrote and quoted that the purpose for writing Sucesos was so he could
chronicle "the deeds achieved by the Spaniards within the discovery, conquest, and change
of the Filipinas island as well as different fortunes that they have from time to time within
the incredible kingdoms and among the individuals encompassing the island."
Rizal claimed and argued that the conversion and conquest were not as widespread as
portrayed because the missionaries were only successful in conquering a portion of the
islands' population.

What leads Jose Rizal to Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas?

Jose Rizal was an earnest seeker of the truth, and this marked him as a historian. He
had a desire to know the Philippines' conditions when the Spaniards came to the island. He
believed that the country was economically self-sufficient, prosperous, lively, and had an
active community until the Spaniards came and contributed to the decline of the country's
rich culture and tradition.
He, at that point, chosen to embrace the comment of Morga'sSucesos de las Islas
Filipinas. His fellowship with Ferdinand Blumentritt propelled doing an unused version of
the record. Committing four months of investigation and composing for nearly a year to
induce his composition distributed in Paris in January 1890.

MAIN PURPOSE

Rizal annotated this book (1) to awaken the consciousness of the Filipino, (2) to
correct false records of the past, and (3) to encourage the study of the future.

2
Rizal’s Main Propositions
• The Philippine had its own rich culture before the Spanish colonization.
• Filipinos were demoralized, exploited, and ruined when colonized by the Spaniards.
• The Spaniards' trait also remained with the Filipinos, such as being lazy and selfish,
which brought corruption to the country.
• Rizal commits many historians' errors in appraising past events in light of existing
standards. Without the people of our country's past, we would not be the people and
the country of today.
Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt also wrote a preface emphasizing that the Spaniards have
to correct their erroneous conception of the Filipinos as children of limited intelligence. And
that there existed three kinds of Spanish delusions about the Philippines: (1) Filipinos were
an inferior race, (2) Filipinos were not ready for parliamentary representation and other
reforms, and (3) a strict distribution of justice can compensate denial of equal rights.

NOLI ME TANGERE

The break winter of 1886 was memorable in the life of Rizal for two reasons: first, it
was a painful episode for he was hungry, sick, and unhappy in a strange city and, second, it
brought him great joy, after enduring so many sufferings, Rizal's first novel, Noli Me
Tangere, came off the press in March 1887. Dr. Maximo Viola, his friend, the savior of his
novel as he loaned Jose Rizal the needed funds to publish the novel. The title "Noli Me
Tangere" deciphers to "Huwag Mo AkongSalingin" in Filipino, which suggests "Touch Me
Not." The novel may be a reflection of what the Filipinos were going through amid that
time. He composed it to open the Filipinos' eyes to the reality that they were being
oppressed, abused, and accused by the friars.
• Composed of 63 chapters and an epilogue, Rizal was a medicine student at
Universidad Central de Madrid when he started writing it, and he was 26 years old
at its publication.
• Rizal dedicated the novel to the country of its people whose miseries and sorrow, he
brought light to awaken them to the truths concerning the ills of society.
• It was originally written in Spanish.
• Early 1887 – published the novel in Europe, it is now commonly called by its
shortened name Noli; its English translation is usually titled “touch me not” and “the
Social Cancer."
• The Latin title, which means “touch me not” taken from Christ's words.
o John 20:17 - “touch me not, for I am not yet ascended to my Father.”
• Influenced by Harried Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, Jose Rizal planned to
publish a book that would reveal the ills of Spanish-colonized Philippine society.
• Rizal started writing the novel alone in Madrid toward the end of the same year and
finished about half of it in the city.
• 1885 – He left for France, he had written the third quarter of the novel in Paris.
• April to June 1886 – He penned the last few chapters in Wilhelmsfeld.
• End of 1886 – It was completed in Berlin, Germany.
• 1887 – The final draft was ready for publication.
• Maximo Viola – a friend from a rich family of San Miguel, Bulacan; lend P300 to Rizal
so that Noli could be published; Dubbed as "the savior of the Noli."
• The Chapter "Elias and Salome" – which was supposedly Chapter 25, following the
chapter, "In the Woods" was deleted, for he made some adjustments in the novel to
economize in its printing.

The Synopsis
The fundamental character of the Noli Me Tangere, youthful and affluent Filipino
Crisostomo Ibarra, returned to his nation after a few a long time of pondering in Europe. In

3
his honor, Capitan Tiago or Santiago de Los Santos tossed a party at his house in Manila.
The gathering was gone to by famous nearby identities like Padre Damaso, a fat Franciscan
cleric who had been doled out for numerous a long time in Ibarra's local town (San Diego);
Fray Sybila, the youthful Dominican clergyman of Binondo; Lieutenant Guevarra of the
Guardia Respectful; and Doñ a Victorina, spouse of a fake Spanish doctor Tiburcio de
Espadañ a. Crisostomo Ibarra's father, Don Rafael Ibarra, was Capitan Tiago's companion.
Capitan Tiago's gathered girl, Maria Clara, was Crisostomo's fiancée.
Amid the party, Padre Damaso disparaged Ibarra and discourteously attempted to
hurt his notoriety. But the nobleman Ibarra essentially overlooked the friar's insult. When
Ibarra cleared out Capitan Tiago's house, Lieutenant Guevara talked to him and related the
hopeless destiny of his expired father in San Diego.
Guevara clarified that Don Rafael was unreasonably blamed by San Diego minister
of being a blasphemer and delay since of his non-participation in mass and confession. One
day, Don Rafael saw a Spanish assess collector and a frail boy battling. In an endeavor to
protect the frail boy, he had inadvertently pushed and slaughtered the brutal Spaniard.
Wear Rafael was hence detained and passed on in his cell pitiably. At first, buried in the
sanctified ground, his body was expelled from the Catholic cemetery beneath the arrange of
his enemies.
The following day, Crisostomo has gone to his sweetheart, Maria Clara. After the
exquisite visit to his sweetheart, Ibarra went to San Diego to search for his father's grave.
He had known through the grave-digger that his father's carcass was burrowed up by order
of the clergyman to be exchanged within the Chinese cemetery. But since it was sprinkling
and the corpse was heavy, the grave-digger fair tossed Don Rafael's corpse into the river.
Angered by what he learned, Ibarra, all of a sudden assaulted Padre Salvi when he
saw this San Diego area, cleric. But Salvi clarified to him that it was Damaso who was the
town's area cleric at the time of Don Rafael's passing.
When Maria Clara and her family arrived in the town of San Diego, Crisostomo
Ibarra gave an excursion at the lake. Amid the picnic, Ibarra had spared the life of Elias—the
boatman who was nearly murdered by a crocodile caught within the fish cage. Afterward,
within the excursion, a few individuals of the Guardia Respectful too came, seeking after
Elias, who had already ambushed Padre Damaso and the alferez. But Elias had gotten away
indeed some time recently the Guardia Respectful arrived. Afterward, Ibarra has gotten a
take note that the Spanish government had affirmed his gift of a school in San Diego.
On the day of the San Diego town celebration, Ibarra and Maria Clara went to the
morning mass directed by Padre Salvi and Padre Damaso. Amid the mass, Elias quietly went
close Ibarra and informed him of the plot to slaughter him on the ceremony of the laying of
the school's foundation. So amid the introduction, when Ibarra was almost to cement the
establishment of the school building, the stage collapsed. Luckily, the fast Elias had
protected Ibarra, and the man who was paid to hurt Ibarra was the one slaughtered within
the occurrence.
Ibarra facilitated a feast afterward that day. Padre Damaso, who went to the devour,
freely assaulted the nobility of Ibarra's dead father. The angered have thrust at the
illmannered minister and had nearly murdered Damaso with a knife if it were not for Maria
Clara, who obstruction fair in time. Ibarra was thus expelled, and his engagement with
Maria Clara was broken as Damaso convinced Capitan Tiago to disallow the woman from
marrying Ibarra.
One day, Ibarra's foes designed a defenseless assault on the station of the Guardia
Gracious, making the assailants accept that Ibarra was the brain of the rebellion. After the
assault failed, Ibarra was implicated and arrested.
Elias made a difference in Ibarra's elude from jail. Sometime recently taking off,
they tactfully halted at Capitan Tiago's house. Maria Clara clarified that she was coerced by
Padre Salvi to surrender Ibarra's letter (which was used to incriminate him) in exchange for
the letters written by her dead mother. From there, she learned that her birth father was
Padre Damaso.

4
 Ibarra and Elias, at that point, took off by boat. Instructing Ibarra to lie down, Elias
secured him with grass to conceal his nearness. As good fortune would have it, they were
spotted by their foes. Elias, considering he might outflank them, hopped into the water. The
watches rained shots on him, all the whereas not knowing that they were pointing at the
wrong man.
Severely harmed, Elias comes to the timberland where he found the holy place boy
Basilio who was crying over the body of his dead mother, Sisa. His mother had already
misplaced her intellect upon learning that her two children, holy place boys Crispin and
Basilio, were lost from the religious circle. Erroneously blamed for stealing from the
convent, Crispin had been tormented and slaughtered by the evil and slanted sacristan
leader. Basilio had found the way to escape, and the death of his brother Crispin had been
covered-up by
Salvi.
Knowing that he would in the long run pass on, Elias educating Basilio to create a
burial service fire and burn his and Sisa’s bodies to ashes. In his biting the dust breath, Elias
murmured the taking after confident, enthusiastic words: "I should pass on without seeing
the first light break upon my country. You, who shall see it, salute it! Don't disregard those
who have fallen amid the night."
The novel's epilogue describes that Capitan Tiago got to be dependent on opium.
Padre Damaso was relegated to a distant area and was found dead in his room one morning.
The dismal Maria Clara, accepting that Ibarra had been shot dead within the stream, entered
the convent. Padre Salvi cleared out the San Diego ward and got to be a chaplain of the
convent. A few induce that Salvi, who had been depicted as having a covered up want for
Maria Clara, regularly attacked her within the religious shelter. Thus, a lovely insane lady
was seen one stormy night at the best of the religious community, severely sobbing and
reviling the sky for the destiny it has offered upon her. The lady was not named, but it was
expected that she was none less than Maria Clara, routinely attacked her within the convent.
Thus, a lovely insane lady was seen one stormy night at the best of the religious circle
intensely sobbing and reviling the sky for the destiny is has bestowed upon her.

Notable Characters and their representation  Crisostomo Ibarra

"I have had better thoughts, and I believe that making my father's wishes come
true is worth more than weeping for him, and much more than avenging him."
―Ibarra o Juan Crisostomo Ibarra y Magsalin, a rich youthful mestizo who
has quite recently returned to the Philippines after seven years of studying in
Europe. Ibarra is refined, profoundly regarded, and extremely optimistic.
o Following his father's death, he went back to his hometown and sought to
establish a proper school there, only to face numerous obstacles from the
local figures. Implicated in a revolt, he later fled the town and forged a new
identity as the jeweler Simon.
o Representation: Crisostomo Ibarra represents Ilustrados, who are Filipinos
able to study abroad. He is often accused of revolt because of their desire to
improve Filipinos' living conditions under the Spanish rule.
 Maria Clara
"When he was alive, I could degrade myself; I still had the consolation of
knowing that he lived and perhaps might think of me. Now that he is dead, I would
rather be a nun or be dead myself." ―Maria Clara o Maria Clara, the full name Maria
Clara de Los Santos, was the daughter of Capitan Tiago and Pia Alba. She is the fiancé
of Crisostomo Ibarra.
o Representation: She symbolizes the traditional traits and pureness of a
traditional Filipina.

5
 Elias
“Sir, I am the bearer of the wishes of many unfortunates." ―Elias o Ibarra's
mysterious friend, a master boater, also a fugitive. He is a victim of abuses of the
friars and the government.
o Representation: He represents common Filipinos who desires a better
Philippines. The power of uprising to instigate change is what he believes in.
 KapitanTiyago
o A wealthy and high-influential Filipino. He is caring and protective of his
family and his family's social status.
o Representation: KapitanTiyago symbolizes a wealthy Filipino who is willing
to oppress fellow Filipinos for selfish reasons.
• Pia Alba o KapitanTiyago's wife and the mother, Maria Clara, a beautiful and rich
woman, became melancholic when she became pregnant.
o Representation: She represents all the victims who had been abused by the
clergy and was forced to stay silent.
• Doña Victorina o A brazen and determined Filipina, odd, ambitious, and ignorant,
Doñ a Victorina is the spouse of the counterfeit doctor, Tiburcio de Espadañ a.
o Representation: She represents rich Filipinos who are reluctant to be
identified as Indio.
 Don Tiburcio
o Husband of Doñ a Victorina. Limp, fraud, and an introvert doctor; make a
living as a quack doctor.
o Representation: He represents the ignorant Spaniards who made absurd
decisions that led to terrible decisions for the locals.
• Alferez o Husband of Doñ a Consolacion whom he violently fights.
o Representation: He represents officials of the state who competes with the
church for authority.
• Doña Consolacion o The wife of Alferez; ashamed of her heritage and pretends to
be unable to speak Tagalog, her native language.
o Representation: Represents the Filipinos who are ashamed of their race and
nationality.
• Governor-General o Next to the king, he occupies the most powerful position in the
colonial government.
o Representation: He represents a typical governor-general assigned in the
Philippines.
• Alfonso Linares o A young and smart Spanish Lawyer; was arranged to be
married to Maria Clara.
o Representation: He represents Spanish citizens hoping to have a better life
in the Philippines than in their motherland.
• PilosopoTasyo o He is smart, observant, and poor pessimist; he spent most of his
money on books.
o Representation: He symbolizes educated/learned Filipino; despite his
economic status, he still chooses to remain well-informed.
 Padre Damaso
o A talkative and cruel priest, he used his authority to abuse people.
o Representation: He represents Spanish friars who use the Catholic religion
to mistreat and abuse Filipinos.
• Padre Salvi o Padre Damaso's successor, he is described as skinny and frail,
manipulates people for his benefit.
o Representation: He represents a friar abusive to the power of Filipino people.

6
 • Padre Hernando Sibyla o A Dominican priest and former professor at San Juan de
Letran College. Known to be collected and smart.
o Representation: He represents friars who were aware of the abuses and
injustice were done to the natives but would not do anything to change it;
choose not to meddle.
• Sisa o Mother of Basilio and Crispin; went insane due to abuses committed to her
children and neglect of her husband.
o Representation: She represents the suffering of the motherland, the
Philippines.
• Crispin and Basilio o Sons of the derange Sisa; denied of luxuries and education.
o Representation: They represent innocent young Filipinos who were wrongly
accused of crimes they did not commit and a victim of an oppressive
government.

EL FILIBUSTERISMO
Rizal searched and found a printing shop that could give him the lowest quotation
for the publication of his novel- F. MEYER VAN LOO PRESS, No. 66 Viaanderen street, willing
to print his book in installment basis. Jose pawned his jewels to pay the down payment and
the early partial payments during the printing of the novel.
The title means “The Reign of the Greed," the second novel written by Jose Rizal. He
portrayed a filibuster or rebel who is himself to reveal the moral cancer of Spanish officials
in the Philippines. Jose Rizal wrote El Filibusterismo as a sequel to his novel, Noli Me
Tangere, which was a form of propaganda. He dedicated the book to the memory of the
Gomburza, three priests who were accused of being seditious, immoral, and uneducated.
The novel was written against the background of threats and oppressions he and his
family suffered because of the Noli and the so-called Calamba agrarian trouble.

• Jose Alejandrino- Rizal's roommate in Belgium, was the one who canvassed the
printing press for El Fili. He delivered proofs and revisions to F. Meyer Van Loo in
Ghent.
• Valentin Ventura –Rizal’s friend who partially financed the novel’s publication; ‘the
savior of the Fili.'
• Comprising only 38 chapters shorten the novel, erasing 47 whole pages from the
279page manuscript to save expenses
• The ‘Filibusterismo’ in the novel’s title is derived from the simpler term ‘filibustero.'
• Rizal defined the word ‘filibustero’ to his friend Ferdinand Blumentritt who
encountered but did not fully comprehend the word in the ‘Noli.'
• Thus, the word ‘filibustero’ contextually means subversive, dissident, revolutionary,
seditious, insurrectionary, and treasonous. Fittingly, Rizal dedicated the book to the
memory of the Gomburza (Cavite Mutiny), the three Filipino patriotic priests who
were accused of being ‘filibustero’ and thus executed.

The Synopsis
The story in El Filibusterismo spins around its fundamental character Simon who is
a princely jeweler. Simon is really Crisostomo Ibarra of the Noli, whom everybody thought
had been slaughtered by the Guardia Respectful at Laguna de Cove. He had, in truth, gotten
away, fled to Cuba, ended up affluent, and made associations with powerful Spanish
authorities. Upon his return to the Philippines after numerous a long time, he gets to be
exceptionally powerful as the representative common, who owes so much to him, counsels
him in making choices.
In reality, be that as it may, everything Simon does is a fair portion of his amazing
arrange to require exact retribution against the Spanish authorities and protect Maria Clara
from the community. Arranging to organize a revolution, he carries arms and looks for
devotees, primarily from the abused and mishandled locals. One of his initiates is Basilio,

7
the child of Sisa, who, with Capitan Tiago's offer assistance, was able to study in Manila.
Simon too partners with the progressive gather of Kabesang Tales, a previous 'Cabeza de
barangay' who endured maltreatment from the hands of the ministers. Utilizing his impact,
Simon empowers debasement, wantonness, and harsher government arrangements so that
the citizens may get to be more angered.
However, the arranged revolt was not carried out one night since Simon decided not
to deliver the signal for the episode of the rebellion upon hearing that Maria Clara kicked
the bucket within the religious shelter.
Another plan was made a few months later. At the setting of the wedding gathering
of JuanitoPelaez and Paulita Gomez, Simon planted numerous explosives—enough to
murder the welcomed visitors, basically the ministers and government authorities. An
agreeing to the plot, the enormous blast will be begun by the blessing he gives to the love
birds at the reception—a lamp fuel light with an unstable. When the light flashes and
somebody turns the wick, it'll result in a huge blast that will end up a signal to the
revolutionary troops to assault all the government buildings in Manila at the same time.
Amid the gathering, Simon gives his gift to the newly-weds. Sometime recently
quickly taking off the venue, he clears out a piece of secretive paper bearing the message
“You will pass on tonight” marked by Juan Crisostomo Ibarra.
Meanwhile, Isagani, the rejected lover of Paulita, is standing outside the reception.
His friend Basilio tells him to leave the place because the lamp will soon blow up.
When Father Salvi distinguishes the penmanship within the note and affirms that it
was undoubtedly Ibarra’s, the visitors start to panic. When the lamp flickers, Father Irene
tries to turn the wick up. But Isagani, needing to save Paulita’s life, surges into the house,
snatches the light, and tosses it into the stream where it explodes.
Simon's revolutionary plot was hence known, and the law authorities hence chase
him. He oversaw to escape but was truly wounded. Carrying his jewelry chest, he finds a
shield within the home of Padre Florentino by the ocean. Learning of his presence within
the house of the cleric, the lieutenant of the Guardia Civil informs Padre Florentino that he
will come within the evening to capture Simon.
Simon, at that point, takes harm that he would not be caught lively. As the poison's
impacts begin to require a toll on his body, he confesses to Florentino his genuine
personality, and he arranges of exact retribution through bloody revolution. After the
emotional and aggravating confession of them biting the dustman, the cleric clears the
passing on a man from his sins, saying: "God will pardon you, Señ or Simon. He knows that
we are fallible. He has seen merely have endured … He has disappointed your plans one by
one … to begin with by the passing of Maria Clara, then by a lack of planning, at that point in
a few mysterious ways. Let us bow to His will and render Him thanks!"
The story closes with the priest tossing Simon's treasures into the ocean so that they
would not be utilized by the greedy. The priest trusts that when the proper time comes,
they would be recovered and used as it were for great.
Notable Characters and their representations  Simon
o Known sometimes recently as Crisostomo Ibarra y Magsalin, he returned as
an affluent jeweler; he features a magnanimous intellect, outspoken, and
idealistic.
o Representation: He speaks to the progressives who upheld the thought of
holding wicked revolt against the Spanish Government amid that time.
 Basilio o An aspiring doctor; worked as Captain Tiago’s aid in exchange for his
education.
 Isagani
o A poor law student and a poet; idealistic, seeking for a better future for his
country. He is responsible for stopping Simon's planned revolt.
o Representation: He represents Filipino youth who has a great love for our
country, Philippines.

8
 • Kabesang Tales o Telesforo Juan de Dios, a former Cabeza de barangay (barangay
head) who resurfaced as the braved and feared Luzó n bandit Matanglawin (Tagalog
for Hawkeye), was deprived for his right to own his land.
• Paulita Gomez o She is a pretty girl admired by many students, niece of Dona
Victorina, the former lover of Isagani. As she believes that there is no good future
ahead with Isagani, she chooses to marry JuanitoPelaez.
o Representation: She represents a narrow-minded lady who will select the
leading alternative for a more steady and comfortable future for herself.
 Macaraig
o One of Isagani's classmate at University of Santo Tomas; rich student; serves
as the leader of the students who want to build Academia de Castellano
o Representation: He represents a well-off Filipino youth, amid the Spanish
time, who had a great dream for the nation.

• Father Florentino o A secular Filipino priest, pressured by his mother to become a

priest even though he wanted to marry his lover.
• JuanitoPelaez o A Spanish businessman, considered by Isagani as his rival to
Paulita Gomez.

A CENTURY HENCE Filipinas Dentro De CienAños

• Translated as “The Philippines within One Hundred Years” or “The Philippines A

Century Hence”
• It was serialized on September 30, October 31, December 15, 1889, and February 15,
1890, in the fortnightly review La Solidaridad of Madrid.
• Jose Rizal estimated the future of the Philippines in the span of a hundred years the
catastrophic end of Spanish rule in Asia. o In many senses, the articles
supplemented Rizal’s great novel Noli Me Tangere and its sequel El Filibusterismo.
• The essay talked about:
o Rizal’s feeling that it was time to remind Spain.
o The conditions ushered in the French Revolution could have an effect on him
on the Philippine islands.
o The glorious past of the Philippines. o The deterioration of the economy. o
Exposed the causes of the native’s sufferings under the cruel Spanish rule. o
Rizal cautioned Spain as regards the imminent downfall of its domination.
o Awaken the minds and the hearts of the Filipinos concerning the oppression
of the Spaniards. o Encouraging the Filipinos to fight for their right.

Causes of Sufferings and Deterioration

The annotation of Antonio Morga’sSucesos de las Islas Filipinas, our national hero
through great efforts, proved and discussed the glorious past of the Philippines.
 The following essay hence gave the different causes of the distresses endured by the
Philippine locals (as listed within "The Philippines a Century Subsequently Outline and
Analysis"):

Spain’s usage of its military policies o poverty got to be broader than ever as
farmlands were cleared out to plant. o the individuals kept on endure from
starvation and illness; and o Generally, all aspects of the life of the locals got to
be retarded. Deterioration and vanishing of Filipino inborn culture
o Spain came with the sword and the cross, the local people began:
o forgetting who they were and their social heritage;

9
 o losing their sense of self-worth, befuddled and reluctant in their current
lifestyle, o nauseated with themselves, and
o losing trust within the future and the conservation of their race. Passivity
and accommodation to the Spanish colonizers
o The Spanish ministers, one of the foremost effective powers that impacted a
culture of quiet and dormancy among the locals
Through their use of force and intimidation, the natives learned to submit
themselves to the strangers' whims and caprices fanatically.

TO THE YOUNG WOMEN OF MALOLOS

“To the Young Women of Malolos” was initially at first composed in Tagalog. Rizal
penned this composing when he was in London, in reaction to the request of Marcelo H. del
Pilar. The remarkable focuses contained in this letter are as takes after:
• The dismissal of the friars' otherworldly specialist – not all of the clerics within the
nation that time epitomized the genuine soul of Christ and His Church.
• Most of them were debased by common wants and utilized modern strategies to
impact alter and constrain discipline.
• The defense of the private judgment Qualities Filipino moms ought to have – as
proved by this parcel of his letter, Rizal is much concerned about the welfare of
Filipino children and the homes they develop up.
• Duties and duties of Filipino moms to their children's duties and obligations of a
spouse to her spouse – Filipino ladies, are known to be tame, delicate, and loving.
• Rizal states in this parcel of his letter how Filipino ladies got to be as spouses, to
protect the personality of the race.
• Counsel to youthful ladies on their choice of a lifetime accomplice.

RIZAL’S MESSAGE TO FILIPINO WOMEN

The battling soul much inspired Jose Rizal that the youthful ladies of Malolos had
appeared. In his letter, he communicates awesome delight and fulfillment over the fight
they had battled. In this parcel of Rizal’s letter, it is clear that his extreme crave was for
ladies to be advertised the same openings as those gotten by men in terms of instruction.
Amid those days, youthful young ladies were not sent to school since of the whole idea that
they would before long as it were be taken as spouses and remained at domestic with them.
Rizal, be that as it may, emphasizes freedom of thought and the correct to instruction, which
must be allowed to both boys and young ladies alike.

10
Assessing Learning

Activity 9
Name: _____________________________________________________ Score: ___________________________
Course/Year/Section: ___________________________________ Date: ____________________________

Directions: A. Using a Venn Diagram, compare and differentiate the following Antonio
de Morga and Jose Rizal’s version of Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas.

Antonio de Morga Jose Rizal

-Philippines was a deserted land -The people of the Philippines
and unhabitable. had a culture of their own
Similarities before the Spanish colonization.
-The country was not civilized
before the colonization. - Filipinos were demoralized,
exploited, and ruined when
- It was written in Spanish and colonized by the Spaniards.
reflected his bias over Spanish
-The Spaniards' trait like selfish
superiority.   and being lazy also remained
with the Filipinos which brought
corruption to the country.

-The present state of the

Philippines was not necessarily
superior to its past.

B. The characters, plot, and theme of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

11
 Noli Me Tangere El Filibusterismo

Focus more on the church. Focus on how to reach a social

It expose the exploitations
commited by the Spanish
friars and govt. officials.
The book is very hopeful and
a little romantic than El Fili..
It isn't exactly anti-church
nor anti-catholicism, but it
doesn't glorfiy the spanish
friars and the church.
Describing the abuse of
women and children by the
friars, the disregard of the
Filipinos.
Rizal dedicated the novel the
the Philippines itself.
reform and revolution, whether
Similarities or not the Philippines should
Both books described rebel peacefully or violently.
the abuse of women
and children by the El Fili is about colonialism.
friars, the disregard of
the Filipino people by Detailed in describing the abuses
the Spanish at the time. done to indios by the church and
military.
It discussed the dire
need of reform in Rizal dedicated the book to the
education, the abuse of memory of the Gomburza.
the Filipinos by the
hands of the Spanish
the friars, the
corruption of the
politicians and officials.

Activity 10

Name: _____________________________________________________ Score: ___________________________

Course/Year/Section: ___________________________________ Date: ____________________________

I. Directions: Read each item carefully. Determine whether the statement is true or false.
Write TRUE if the statement is correct; F if incorrect. Answers must be written on the
space provided before the number.
_TRUE_____ 1. Sucesos delas Islas Filipinas is one of the most important records detailing the
history of the Spanish colonization in the Philippines.
_F___________ 2. It talks about the history of wars, intrigues, diplomacy, and evangelization of
Spain.
_F___________ 3. Jose Rizal was the first person to write formal documentation of the Spanish
colonization.
_TRUE_____ 4. Morga’s book was written in Spanish and reflected his bias over Spanish
superiority.
_TRUE______ 5. Jose Rizal pointed out in his annotation of Morga’s book that even before the
Spanish colonization, Filipinos had a rich culture that was demoralized by
the Spaniards.
_F___________ 6. A group of 30 young women of Malolos petitioned Governor-General Weyler
to open a night school.
_F___________ 7. The women succeeded in their petition in a condition that Senorita
Guadalupe Mendoza should be their teacher.
_F___________ 8. Dr. Jose Rizal honored the Filipino women for being blinded by the fraud
religious beliefs of the friars.
_F___________ 9. The young women of Malolos died while fighting for their right to education.
_TRUE______10. According to Dr. Jose Rizal, the tyranny of some is possible only through
cowardice and negligence on the part of others.

II. Directions: Read the following statements carefully. Identify what is being described in
the statement and write your answers on the space provided before the number.
Sisa_______________1. A Woman who lost her sanity due to her husband’s neglect and abuse
made to her son.

12
Elias______________2. A mysterious man who was a victim of abuse by the government.
Ibarra_____________3. He petitioned to give his father a Catholic burial.
Maria Clara________4. The daughter if an influenced man, Capitan Tiago.
Padre Salvi________5. The successor of Padre Damaso who also had a feeling for Maria Clara.
Dona Victorina____6. Odd, ambitious, and ignorant woman.
Crispin_____________7. A boy found beside a dead woman.
Don Tiburcio______8. An introvert, and fraudulent doctor.
Ibarra______________9. He represents Illustrados who are Filipinos able to study abroad.
Kapitan Tiyago___10. He symbolizes well-off Filipinos who are willing to exploit fellow
Filipinos for selfish reasons.
Quiroga ___________11. Chinese man helped to smuggle weapons into the country.
Basilio_____________12. Worked as Captain Tiago’s aid in exchange for his education.
Simon______________13. Returned as a wealthy jeweler.
Macaraig__________14. Isagani’s classmate at University of Santo Tomas.
Isagani_____________15. He is responsible for halting Simoun’s planned revolt.
Paulita Gomez_____16. Known as Dona Victorina’s niece.
Simon______________17. Known before as Crisostomo Ibarra.
Kabesang Tales___18. A former cabeza de barangay of Sagapang who was deprived of his
right to own his land.
Father Florentino 19. He was supposed to marry but pressured by his mother to become
priest.
JuanitoPelaez_____20. He belongs to the Spanish elite and eventually married Paulita Gomez.

The Events in the Philippine Islands 21. It is the english title of Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas.

Antonio de Morga__22. His purpose for Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas is to document the
achievements of the Spanish kingdom in the Philippine islands.
Jose Rizal__________23. He chose to annotate Morga’s book because he considered it to be
more objective than others.
Mexico_____________24. It is the place wherein Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas was published in
1609.
Annotation________25. It means “a note added by way of comment or explanation”.

Activity 11
Name: _____________________________________________________ Score: ___________________________
Course/Year/Section: ___________________________________ Date: ____________________________

Directions: Answer the following questions concisely. Write it down on the space provided
below. (Provide additional sheet if necessary)
Rubrics for Scoring
Content and Quality of Ideas- 50%
Impact and Relevance: 50%

A. Based on the characters mentioned in the novel Noli Me Tangere:

1. Choose one character that you most resonate with and explain why.

I like the character of Crisostomo Ibarra. He is the protagonist in the novel. For me,
Crisostomo Ibarra has a liberal mind. He is idealistic, patient but becomes violent and
impulsive when provoked. I think Ibarra is a reflection of Rizal himself. He symbolizes the
idealism of the privileged youth.

13
 2. Does your selected character represent a modern counterpart today? Explain who
and why.

I don’t think the character of Ibarra does not exist anymore today. People nowadays are afraid
to criticized the government because they might get jailed or be killed if they utter criticism
against the government.

Based on the characters mentioned in the novel El Filibusterismo:

3. How is the lack of freedom portrayed in the novel?

The students are not allowed to form an organization without the consent of the friars. It is
clearly portrayed when Isagani, Macaraig and other students were planning to form a Spanish
academy. They are dictated by the Spanish officials on how to manage their academy like it
should be supervised by a Dominican order and that the students merely collect contributions.

4. How is the situation in the novel different from today?

The students nowadays have freedom to do what they want as long as they don’t violate the
schools rules and regulations. They can criticized and voiced out their opinion if they feel
that the government is not doing its mandate. However, the government may arrest
students who are being tag as member of the rebels or NPA. This is the situation today, if
you are very vocal in criticizing the government, you may be arrested and jailed or worst be
killed.

B. Reflection Paper

Directions: Read online the article: “Youth of Today: The New Rizals.” By Dan Rogayan
(https://danrogayan.wordpress.com/2010/12/30/youth-of-today-the-new-rizals/).

Guide Questions:

1. Based on your reading, what can you say about the article representation of value
the role of youth in the development and future of society?

I definitely agree with the author that the youth has an important role in the development
and future of society. In addition to abundant natural resources, a country’s important
asset to aid its development is its young generation. The role of youths in nation-building is
very important, their intelligence and work will take the country on the pathway of success.
They are the building blocks of a country.

2. What is the main question that the article seeks to answer?

I think the main question that the article seeks to answer is “ Are there new Rizals among the
Filipino youth of today. Can these young emerging population embody the values and
principles Dr. Rizal typified?

3. What is your own reflection based on the article and your understanding.

It’s true that new Rizal’s is what our country needs especially now that corruption and
anomalies are very rampant in the government. Many of our emerging youth leaders and

14
promising personalities are idealistic and show their love for our country. However, due to
the threatening way our government use to deal with threats and criticisms, youth are being
restrained to voice out their opinions and suggestions.

Activity 12

Name: _____________________________________________________ Score: ___________________________

Course/Year/Section: ___________________________________ Date: ____________________________

Rubrics for Scoring

Content and Quality of Ideas- 50% Impact
and Relevance: 50%
Directions: Cite 3 issues/themes showcased in Noli Me Tangere and list down pieces of
evidence from the story/characters that support it.

Social Climber Abusive Power Family Devotion

Doñ a Victorina and Capitan
Tiago tries to associate with
higher classes of society like
the Spaniards. Capitan Tiago
gives friars lumps of money
as church donations and
invites them to dinner. He
also supports the
government’s tax increases,
leading to his title of
gobernadorcillo, the highest
post a non-Spaniard can
attain.
Doñ a Victorina is obsessed in
becoming Spanish. She covers
her face with too much
makeup, dressing just like
Spanish women, speaking
Spanish and prefers being
like a Spaniard when in fact
she is a Filipino.
Father Salví and the ensign
creates a curfew so Father
Salví can’t have mass at
night.
Rafael Ibarra was slandered
as “heretic and subversive”
and died in prison because
his religious ideals differed
from those of the organized
church, and his body was
later exhumed from the
cemetery at Father Dá maso’s
order.
Ibarra was excommunicated
because of Father Dá maso’s
grudge against him, which
costs him his engagement
and his position in society.
Devotion to one’s family was
exhibited Ibarra when his
father died. He traces all
means to seek for justice.
Maria Clara, an obedient
daughter to Capitan Tiago,
consented to her father’s
request that she marry a
Spaniard (as requested by
Padre Damaso),
Sisa, shows her devotion to
her family by doing
everything to serve them.
She endures the trials she
goes through just to keep
them secure.
-

Compare your selected theme with the present day situation.

The different theme that Rizal used in his novel is still relevant and have impact on our present
day situation. Social climbers still exist especially for those who have political ambitions. They
use their money and connections to lure supporters and allies and be associated with the right
people in order for them gain positions in the government. Abuse of power is very rampant
from high government officials to the lowest level of police. They use their authority to get
even with their political enemies or kill people with giving them a chance to prove their

15
innocence. Family devotion is still strong as ever, like for OFWs and domestic helpers who
stay abroad for years just to earn and provide for the needs of their families.

16