Lecture 8

Circular and annular plates

Axi-symmetrical loading
Print version Lecture on Theory of Elasticity and Plasticity

Dr. D. Dinev, Department of Structural Mechanics, UACEG

8.1

Contents
1 Introduction 1

2 Polar coordinates 3

3 Governing equations 4

4 Axi-symmetrical bending 5 8.2

1 Introduction
Introduction

Application
• The circular plates are common components in many structures as end closures in fuel
vessels
8.3

Introduction

Application

1
 • Top covers of silo structures
8.4

Introduction

Application
• Roof structures of storage tanks
8.5

Introduction

Application
• Bulkheads of the airplane fuselages
8.6

Introduction

Application
• Bulkheads of the submarines
8.7

2
2 Polar coordinates
Polar coordinates

Introduction
• It is convenient to express the governing equations in a polar coordinate system
8.8

Polar coordinates

Coordinate transformation
• The relations between the Cartesian and polar coordinates are

x = r cos θ
y = r sin θ
p
r = x2 + y2
y
θ = tan−1
x
8.9

Polar coordinates
Derivatives
• The derivative of a function w(r, θ ) with respect of x can be obtained by a chain rule
∂w ∂w ∂r ∂w ∂θ
= +
∂x ∂r ∂x ∂θ ∂x
• The derivatives of r with respect of Cartesian coordinates are
∂r ∂r
= cos θ = sin θ
∂x ∂y
• The derivatives of θ with respect of Cartesian coordinates are
∂θ 1 ∂θ 1
= − sin θ = cos θ
∂x r ∂y r
8.10

3
Polar coordinates
Derivatives
• Therefore the derivative of the function w(r, θ ) is
 
∂ ∂ 1 ∂ ∂w 1 ∂w
w = cos θ − sin θ w = cos θ − sin θ
∂x ∂r r ∂θ ∂r r ∂θ
• The second derivative is
∂ 2w 1 ∂w 1 2
2 ∂ w 1 2 ∂w 1 ∂ 2w 2
2 ∂ w
= sin 2θ + sin θ + sin θ − sin 2θ + cos θ
∂ x2 r2 ∂ θ r2 ∂θ2 r ∂r r ∂ r∂ θ ∂ r2
8.11

Polar coordinates
Derivatives
• Similarly, we obtain
∂w ∂w 1 ∂w
= sin θ + cos θ
∂y ∂r r ∂θ
• And
∂ 2w 1 ∂w 1 2
2 ∂ w 1 2 ∂w 1 ∂ 2w 2
2 ∂ w
= − sin 2θ + cos θ + cos θ + sin 2θ + sin θ
∂ y2 r2 ∂ θ r2 ∂θ2 r ∂r r ∂ r∂ θ ∂ r2
• And
∂ 2w 1 ∂ 2w 1 ∂w 1 ∂ 2w 1 ∂w 1 ∂w
= sin 2θ 2 − 2 cos 2θ − 2 sin 2θ − sin 2θ + cos 2θ
∂ x∂ y 2 ∂r r ∂ θ 2r ∂ θ 2 2r ∂r r ∂ r∂ θ
8.12

3 Governing equations
Governing equations
Equilibrium equation
• Using the above expressions we may obtain the Laplacian operator in terms of the polar
coordinates
∂2 1 ∂2 1 ∂
∇2r = 2
+ 2 2
+
∂r r ∂θ r ∂r
• The plate bending equation in polar coordinates becomes
q(r, θ )
∇2r ∇2r w(r, θ ) =
D
• Or
∂2 1 ∂2 ∂ 2w 1 ∂ 2w 1 ∂ w
  
1 ∂ q(r, θ )
+ + + + =
∂ r2 r2 ∂ θ 2 r ∂ r ∂ r2 r2 ∂ θ 2 r ∂ r D
8.13

Governing equations
Internal forces
• The moment resultants are
∂ 2w 1 ∂ 2w 1 ∂ w
  
Mr = −D + ν +
∂ r2 r2 ∂ θ 2 r ∂ r
1 ∂ w 1 ∂ 2w ∂ 2w
 
Mθ = −D + 2 + ν
r ∂r r ∂θ2 ∂ r2
1 ∂ 2w
 
1 ∂w
Mrθ = −(1 − ν)D −
r ∂ r∂ θ r2 ∂ θ

4
 • The shear forces are
∂ 2
Qr = −D ∇ w
∂r r
1 ∂ 2
Qθ = −D ∇ w
r ∂θ r
8.14

4 Axi-symmetrical bending
Axi-symmetrical bending
Equilibrium equation
• When the plate load is symmetric about z-axis the deformed shape of the plate is also
symmetric
• In this case w is independent of θ and Laplacian operator becomes
d2 1 d
∇2r = +
dr2 r dr
• The equilibrium equation is
q(r)
∇2r ∇2r w(r) =
D
• In expanded form
d 4 w 2 d 3 w 1 d 2 w 1 dw q(r)
+ − + =
dr4 r dr3 r2 dr2 r3 dr D
8.15

Axi-symmetrical bending
Internal forces
• The bending moments are
d 2 w ν dw
 
Mr = −D +
dr2 r dr
 2 
d w 1 dw
Mθ = −D ν 2 +
dr r dr
Mrθ = 0
• The shear force is
d 3 w 1 d 2 w 1 dw
 
Qr = −D + −
dr3 r dr2 r2 dr
8.16

Axi-symmetrical bending
Solution of the ODE
• The equilibrium equation is non-homogeneous ODE with constant coefficients
2 1 1 q(r)
wIV + wIII − 2 wII + 3 wI =
r r r D
• The solution is formed by sum of the homogeneous and the particular solutions
w = wh + w p

• The solution of the homogeneous equation ∇2r ∇2r wh = 0 is

 
1 1 2 1
wh = C1 + r2C2 +C3 ln(r) + r ln(r) − r2 C4
2 2 4
where C1 to C4 are constants which can be determined from the BCs.
8.17

5
Axi-symmetrical bending
Solution of the ODE
• The terms involving logarithms lead to an infinity displacement at the plate center (r = 0)
for all values of C3 and C4 except zero
• Hence C3 = C4 = 0
• The solution becomes
1
wh = C1 + r2C2
2
• The particular solution w p can be obtained by a direct integration of the equation (see the
example bellow)
8.18

Axi-symmetrical bending

Example
• A clamped circular plate with a radius of R is loaded with an uniform load q0
• Determine the maximum deflection, bending moments and shear force
8.19

Axi-symmetrical bending
w
r
1 2 3 4 5

-0.02

-0.04

-0.06

-0.08

Example
• Displacement field- section plot
8.20

Axi-symmetrical bending

w
5
0

-5
0.00

-0.05

-5
0
5
r

Example
• Displacement field- contour plot
8.21

6
Axi-symmetrical bending
Mr

30

20

10

r
1 2 3 4 5

-10

Example
• Bending moment Mr - section plot
8.22

Axi-symmetrical bending
MΘ

r
1 2 3 4 5

-5

-10

-15

Example
• Bending moment Mθ - section plot
8.23

Axi-symmetrical bending
Qr
r
1 2 3 4 5

-5

-10

-15

-20

-25

Example
• Shear force Qr - section plot
8.24

Axi-symmetrical bending

Example
• A circular plate with a radius of 6 m is supported at a distance of 2 m from the edge. It is
loaded with a uniform load of 10 kPa.
• Draw the diagrams of the deflections and the radial bending moments.
8.25

7
Axi-symmetrical bending

The End
• Any questions, opinions, discussions?
8.26