1.

0 Safety and Health Plan

Occupational health and safety refers to programs, guidelines and procedures that protect the
safety, welfare and health of any person engaged in work or employment. The overall goal of any health
and safety program is to create the ultimate safe working environment and to reduce the risk of
accidents, injuries and fatalities on the job. Occupational health and safety also protects the health of
customers and the general public as well as anyone else that might be affected by the particular working
environment.

1.1 Construction Stage of Safety and Health Plan Process

Step 1: Project Information

Step 2: Project Management
Step 3: Records Management
Step 4: Particular Risk Assessment, Checklists and Action Lists
1.2 Completing the Plan and Managing the Construction Site

Project Supervisor Construction Stage (PSCS) and Project Supervisor Design Process (PSDP)
responsible for developing and maintaining the Construction Stage Health and Safety Plan must ensure
that:

I. The plan is updated and reviewed so that it contains all relevant information for the work to be
undertaken. They will be appointed to oversee and carry out tasks such as:
 Keeping the plan update
 Co-ordinate contractors on site
 Managing records
 Investigating and reporting accidents
II. Particular risks are identified and measures are put in place to reduce or eliminate the risk from
these hazards
III. If applicable, the construction site is notified to the Health and Safety Authority.
IV. The plan is made available to all contractors and persons working on or visiting the site.
V. Particular risk assessments are carried out.
VI. Contractors and their sub-contractors have provided:
 Site-specific safety statements and risk assessments o Insurances
 Method statements where required
 Relevant statutory forms and certification for plant and machinery
 Training records
VII. Contractors and work activities are co-ordinate and managed
VIII. The construction site is secure and access is monitored.
1.3 Role and Responsible

1) Client

A person for whom a project is carried out, in the course or furtherance of a trade, business or
undertaking, or who undertakes a project directly in the course or furtherance of such trade, business
or undertaking.

2) Competent Person

A person where, having regard to the job they are required to perform and taking account of the size
or hazards (or both of them) of the undertaking or establishment in which they do work, possesses
sufficient training, experience and knowledge suitable to the nature of the work to be completed.

3) Construction Stage Health and Safety Plan

A suitable safety and health plan for the project, which the PSCS must develop prior to the
commencement of construction work. The plan must explain how the key safety and health issues
will be managed. It must be relevant to the particular project and should be developed from the
Preliminary Design Stage Health and Safety Plan prepared by the PSDP.

4) Construction Work

Among the work activities or tasks on a building or structure that are classified as construction work
are: alterations, converting, fitting-out, commissioning, renovating, repairing, upkeep, decorating,
maintaining, de-commissioning, demolishing, dismantling and assembling. As many maintenance
activities are clearly classified as construction work, the term applies to most workplaces at some
stage.

5) Contractor

a company or person who carries out or manages construction work for a fixed or other sum and who
supplies the materials and labor (whether his / her own labor or that of others) to carry out such work
or who supplies the labor only.

6) Designer

A company or person engaged in work related to a design of a project.

7) Health and Safety File

A record of information provided to the Client by the PSDP on completion of the construction work.
The file will inform those who are responsible for the structure of any significant safety and health
risks that may need to be addressed during subsequent maintenance, repair or other construction
work. Relevant information for the file may include:
  Construction drawings, as-built drawings, specifications and bills of quantities used and
produced throughout the construction process
 General design criteria
 Details of equipment and maintenance facilities within the structure
 Maintenance procedures and requirements for the structure
 Manuals and, where appropriate, certificates, produced by contractors and suppliers that
outline operating and maintenance procedures and schedules for plant and equipment
installed as part of the structure, typically lifts, electrical and mechanical installations, etc.
 Details of the location and nature of utilities and services, including emergency and
firefighting systems.

8) Preliminary Design Stage Health and Safety Plan

A written statement from the PSDP identifying health and safety issues for the project and listing
specific risks.

9) Project Supervisor Construction Stage (PSCS)

A competent person or organisation (may be an individual or body corporate) appointed by the client
and responsible for carrying out the duties under the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work
(Construction) Regulations, and enable the client to meet the requirements of the Safety, Health and
Welfare at Work Act.

10) Project Supervisor Design Process (PSDP)

an individual or body corporate, i.e. a limited company, such as a firm of architects, chartered
surveyors, consulting engineers or project managers. It can also be the main contractor. In all cases
the person or company undertaking the role must 11 have the necessary competence to carry out the
relevant duties.

2.0 Road Construction Safety Guidelines.

A. Implement Proper Training

A proper training will be provided to all the works and crews of the road construction to give the
awareness of the policies in place and the imminent hazard that will be face. The training will included
topic such as:

 Safety training schedules

 Traffic control plans
 Schedules for equipment and materials inspections
 Known hazards in the worksite and plans to alleviate them
 Equipment training
 Emergency and first aid plans
In addition to initial training, The person(s) responsible for developing and maintaining the Construction
Stage Health and Safety Plan will brief the workers and crew every day since conditions and hazards can
greatly vary.

B. Ensure a Competent Person is On Site

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) defines a competent person as someone

who can spot existing and potential hazards in and around the work area that are dangerous to
employees. Competent people are also authorized to make changes to the worksite to remove identified
dangers.

C. Set Up a Proper Perimeter

The worksite will have ample space on all sides for work to be done. Using proper barriers, cones and
other barricades ensures drivers to notice when the worksite begins and ends. Barricades should also be
used inside the worksite to indicate where it’s safe for crew members to walk, where materials are stored
and where equipment is used. The workers and crew will also mark utility lines to prevent electrocutions
and other avoidable injuries

D. Increase Worker and Work Site Visibility

OSHA requires construction employees working on highway and road sites to wear high-visibility
clothing. High-visibility clothing includes hats, vests and armbands with reflective or fluorescent
materials. Lights will also be use to increase visibility if the worker and crew is working in the evening
or during periods when it’s difficult to see.

E. Wear the Proper Safety Equipment

The workers and crew members will wear earmuffs or earplugs when working in areas with extreme
noise. Other important pieces of personal safety equipment include steel-toed shoes, gloves and
respirators. The workers and crew should also ensure everything fits properly and do checks throughout
the day to confirm everything is in place.

F. Control Traffic

Post traffic signs an ample amount away from the work zone so drivers can prepare to adjust to changes
like slowdowns or reduced lanes. Give drivers enough space to safely transition out of the work zone
and back into the regular flow of traffic. Flaggers who are directing vehicles should never turn their
backs to oncoming traffic.
  Common road signs used during road construction work.

2.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in Construction

Work environmental protection should be taken seriously. In doing so, each worker’s PPE or
Personal Protective Equipment should be strictly implemented at the site at any cost in any given time.
To satisfy PPE standards, each worker should wear proper construction attire to reduce or at least
prevent and protect them against the safety risks to be able to achieve Health and Safety Environment
throughout the course of the construction.

Lists of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in Construction that every construction personnel should
observe:

1. Head Protection/Safety Helmets/Hard Hat

The safety helmets/hard hat shall meet the specifications contained in the technical guidelines issued by
the Specialize Department in accordance to international standards- OSHA or ANSI z89.1 Safety
helmets/hard hats should be inspected by the safety officer to ensure that it is safe and reliable to use. It
should be free from cracks and proper shock-absorbing lining of the helmet should be in good condition.

2. Foot Protection/Safety Shoes

The safety shoes to be used shall be determined according to potential hazards and according to the
nature of work. It shall comply with the safety standard and specification. For worksite safety shoes with
steel toe cap covering and steel sole should be considered, although an equivalent material is also
acceptable as long as it follows the safety standard. If the personnel is working in electrical installation,
non-contractive footwear shall be used.

3. Protective Clothing/Reflected Vests

Every construction personnel should wear adequate and suitable protective clothing to protect them from
possible hazard due to weather changes, electricity, impacts, and other risks. For Site Engineers a
reflected vest is recommended to maintain visibility when doing site inspections and other site activities.
4. Eyes and Face Protections

Construction employees shall be provided with eye and face protection equipment when their job had a
potential risk of exposing the eyes and face from hazard. Those workers whose requires the use of
medical spectacles shall be protected by eyeglass with lenses, goggles that can be worn without
disturbing their work activity

5. Hand Protection

The material of hand protection shall be suitable against the hazard of handling rough, sharp, excessive
coarse material, etc. Site employees shall be protected by the different of gloves according to their job
description. For example:

 Chrome leather gloves: should be used when handling sandblasting and other materials.
  Fabric gloves: used for handling rough materials
 Insulated rubber gloves: used by electricians.

6. Hearing Protection

Ear protected hazard inserted into the ear in the form of a headset, earmuffs and foam earplug. It shall be
in accordance with international safety standards. Plain cotton to be placed in the esr just to block
construction noise is prohibited to use.

7. Safety Belts/Safety Harness

Anchorage point of the safety harness shall be placed above the head of the worker and not less than 5
meters from the ground level. The material should be made of nylon or equivalent to at least 1cm thick.
The hooks attached should be fitted with a double locking device that can be open only by pressing the
two parts at the same time for safety purposes.
Reference

1. Lior Zitzman (2020), 11 Essential Road Construction Safety Tips -

https://www.bigrentz.com/blog/road-construction-safety
2. CONSTRUCTION STAGE HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN -
https://www.hsa.ie/eng/Your_Industry/Construction/BeSMART_ie_for_Construction/risk-assessment-
128661-1531403001.pdf
3. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in Construction -
https://www.thestructuralworld.com/2019/05/09/personal-protective-equipment-ppe-in-construction/

4. Construction Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) -

https://www.osha.gov/Publications/construction_ppe.html