SCIENCE 9

FORCES AND ENERGY

NEZRHEN U. CARIB
9-CURIE
 When two objects interact, each one exerts
a force on the other that can cause energy
to be transferred to or from the object.

WHAT IS FORCE? WHAT IS ENERGY?

FORCE IS A PUSH OR A PULL THAT CHANGES

OR TENDS TO CHANGE THE STATE OF REST OR
Energy is the capacity to do
UNIFORM MOTION OF AN OBJECT OR work.
CHANGES THE DIRECTION OR SHAPE OF AN
OBJECT.
It’s the potential for causing
PUSH AND PULL COME FROM THE OBJECTS
INTERACTING WITH ONE ANOTHER. changes.
TERMS LIKE STRETCH AND It’s everywhere around us
SQUEEZE CAN ALSO BE USED TO DENOTE
FORCE. and takes all sorts of forms.
 Energy resources are all forms of fuels
used in the modern world, either for
producing heat, moving an object, or
producing electric
WHAT IS
Energy comes in many shapes and
forms. From the subatomic electrons
and protons to handheld batteries to
ENERGY the massive nuclear power plants and
wind turbines that power your homes.

It's important to understand all the forms of

energy you use on a daily basis. Learning
RESOURCES? where and how you fit into the bigger picture
of electricity production and distribution
throughout the nation will help you make
smarter energy choices throughout your life.
 THREE ENERGY RESOURCES

Renewable Fossil Fuel Nuclear

It is often referred to as
clean energy, comes from
natural sources or
processes that are
constantly replenished. For
example, sunlight or wind
keep shining and blowing,
even if their availability
depends on time and
weather.
Coal, crude oil, and natural
gas are all considered
fossilfuels because they
were formed from the
fossilized,buried remains of
plants and animals that
lived millionsof years ago
and they burn this to create
The ability to control nuclear
fission reactions, in which
atoms of radioactive
elements such as uranium
split apart into smaller atoms
and liberate energy in the
process, represents one of
the great technological feats
of the twentieth century.
 TYpeS of Renewable EneRGY SouRceS

Solar Energy Wind Energy

Solar panel technology is, arguably, the most popular and The wind power system is catching up to the solar power as the
the most studied renewable energy source . The major most utilized renewable energy source. Wind power has the
development surrounding the technology has allowed it to advantage of consistency during cloudy conditions and night
be more powerful, smaller, and cheaper at the same time. time, which is more desirable for industrial applications.

Hydropower Geothermal Energy

Hydroelectric technology is the oldest renewable energy Geothermal technology produces electricity and
utilized by men. The very first hydroelectric power plant power by utilizing the (almost) unlimited heat
was built in 1878 and is still one of the most popular ways generated by the earth's core.
to generate electricity in most countries.

Biomass Energy
Biomass energy has gained an increase in
popularity, as well as breakthrough in
developments during the recent few years.
 Solar Energy
Solar Energy arrives from the Sun by
electromagnetic radiation. It can be used directly
5 for heat and converted to electricity for other
uses. It is a nearly unlimited source, it is
renewable, and largely, non-polluting.

FUNDAMENTAL

Gravity Generated by the Earth & Moon

This is a nearly unlimited source of energy and is largely non-polluting.
SOURCES OF Combining both both solar energy and gravity provides other useful sources
of energy. Solar radiation heats air and evaporates water. Gravity causes
cooler air to sink and condense water vapor. Gravity then pulls condensed
water back to Earth, where it flows downhill. The circulation of the
atmosphere by the process is what we call the wind. Energy can be extracted
ENERGY from the wind using windmills. Water flowing downhill has a result of gravity
can also be harnessed for energy to drive turbines and generate electricity.
This is called hydroelectric energy. This sources of energy are mostly
renewable, but only locally, and are generally non-polluting.
 Nuclear Fission Reactions
Nuclear Fission Reactions Radioactive Uranium is concentrated and made into fuel
rods that generate large amounts of heat as a result of radioactive decay. This heat is
used to turn water into steam.Nuclear power has come under some disfavor. Costs of
making sure nuclear power plants are clean and safe and the problem of disposing of
radioactive wastes, which are unsafe, as well as questions about the safety of the
5 plants under human care, have contributed to this disfavor.

Energy in the Interior of the Earth

Decay of radioactive elements has produced heat throughout Earth history. It is this heat
FUNDAMENTAL that causes the temperature to increase with depth in the Earth and is responsible for
melting of mantle rocks to form magmas. Magmas can carry the heat upward into the
crust. Groundwater circulating in the vicinity of igneous intrusions carries the heat back
toward the surface. If this hot water can be tapped, it can be used directly to heat homes,
or if trapped at great depth under pressure it can be turned into steam which will expand
SOURCES OF and drive a turbine to generate electricity.

Energy Stored in Chemical Bonds

ENERGY Energy stored in chemical bonds drives chemical reactions. When the reactions take
place this energy is either released or absorbed. If it is absorbed, it is stored in the
chemical bond for later use. If it is released, it can produce useful heat energy.
electricity, and light.
 Energy is essential to life and all living
organisms. The sun, directly or indirectly,
is the source of all the energy available on
Earth. Our energy choices and decisions
impact Earth's natural systems in ways we
may not be aware of, so it is essential that
we choose our energy sources carefully.
The true cost of energy is more than just
dollars and cents; there are important
economic, political and social factors and
consequences to consider as well.