RFP-EAH-2016-008 - Section V - Annex C - Technical Specifications

CONSTRUCTION OF SEAWALLS & DRAINAGE
WORKS,
AF & LDCF PROJECTS, TANZANIA
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
UNOPS
May 2016
CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS i

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS RFP-EAH-2016-008
PREAMBLE
The Contract will be administered in accordance with the latest versions of this document, Hereinafter
referred to as the Standard Specifications.
Work shall be carried out in accordance with the Standard Specification except as supplemented or
revised in the Special Specification.
The Special Specification comprises additions, amendments and modifications to the General
Specification.
The Standard Specification and Special Specifications are to be taken as mutually explanatory of one
another. However, should there be any ambiguities or discrepancies, the Special Specification will
prevail. Where clauses for measurement and payment refer to other clauses in the Standard Specification,
the latter shall be as modified in the Special Specification.
Standards, brand names, catalogue numbers or similar classifications provided in the specifications are
indicative of performance requirements, and offers which have similar characteristics and which provide
performance and quality equal to or higher than the performance requirements specified would be
acceptable.
Summary of British Standards Applied in the Final Design and Specifications are as follows. It should be
noted that the latest version of each of the following standards are the applicable version under this
contract.
BS 4 Part 1: 1972 Hot-rolled sections

Part 2: 1969 Hot-rolled hollow sections
BS 12: Part 1 1958 Portland cement (Imperial units)
Part 2 1971 Portland cement (Metric Units)
Pipe threads for tubes and fittings where
BS 21: 1973
pressure-tight joints are made on the threads
Malleable cast iron and cast copper alloy
BS 143: 1968 screwed pipe fittings for stream, air, water, gas
and oil.
Cast iron spigot and socket soil, waste and
BS 416: 1973 ventilating pipes (sand cast and spun) and
fittings
Cast iron spigot and socket drain pipes and
BS 437:
fittings
BS 437: Part 1: 1970 Pipes, bends, branches and access fittings.
BS 449: The use of structural steel in building.
BS 449: Part 1: 1970 Imperial units
CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS ii

BS 449:
The use of cold formed steel sections in
Supplement No.
1970 building. Addendum No. 1 (1975) to BS The use
1(P.D. 4064) to BS
of cold formed steel sections in building
449: Part 1:
BS 459: Doors
BS 459: Part 2: 1962 Flush doors
BS 459: Part 4: 1965 Matchboarded doors
Steel pipes, fittings and specials for water, gas
BS 534: 1966
and sewage.
Concrete cylindrical pipes and fittings including
BS 556: manholes, inspection chambers and street
gullies.
BS 556: Part 2: 1972 Metric units.
Covered electrodes for the manual metal-arc
BS 639: 1976
welding of carbon and carbon manganese steels.
BS 743: 1970 Material for damp proof courses. Metric units.
BS 747: Part 2: 1970 Roofing felts. Metric units.
Capillary and compression tube fittings of
BS 864: Part 2: 1971
copper and copper alloy. Metric units
Aggregates from natural sources for concrete
BS 882: 1992
(including granolithic)
BS 882: Part 2 1973 Metric units
BS 890: 1972 Building lines
Classification of glass for glazing and
BS 952: 1964
terminology for work on glass.
Draw-off tops and stopvalves for water services
BS 1010:
(screwdown pattern)
BS 1010: Part 2: 1973 Draw-off taps and above-ground stop valves M
Schedule of cast iron drain fittings, spigot and
BS 1030: 1943
socket type, for use with drain pipes to BS 437.
BS 1142: Fibre building boards
BS 1142: Part 3 1972 Insulating boards (soft boards)
BS 1184: 1976 Copper and copper alloy traps.
BS 1186: 1975 Quality of timber and workmanship in joinery
BS 1186: Part 1 1967 Quality of timber
BS 1186: Part 2: 1971 Quality of workmanship
BS 1212: Ball valves (excluding floats)
BS 1212: Part 1: 1971 Piston type
BS 1212: Part 2 Diaphragm type (brass body):
CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS iii
BS 1256 1953 See BS 143

Methods of test for Soil for Civil Engineering
BS 1377 1970
purposes
Steel tube and tubular suitable for screwing to
BS 1387
BS 21 pipe threads
BS 1722: 1975 Fence
Chain link fences Supplement No. 1 (1974) to
BS 1722: Part 1 1972 BS 1772 part 1 fences, gates abd gate posts used
in conjuction with chain link fences
BS 1881: Methods of testing concrete
BS 1881: Part 1: 1970 Methods of sampling fresh concrete
BS 1881: Part 2: 1970 Methods of testing fresh concrete
BS 1881: Part 3: 1970 Methods of making and curing test specimen.
BS 1881: Part 4: 1970 Methods of testing concrete for strength.

Methods of testing hardened concrete for other
BS 1881: Part 5: 1970
than strength
BS 1881: Part 6 1971 Analysis of hardened concrete
BS 2028: 1968 Precast concrete blocks
Materials for elastromeric joint rings for
BS 2494: 1976
pipeworks and pipelines
BS 2871: Copper and copper alloys, Tubes.
BS 2871: Part 1: 1971 Copper tubes for water, gas and Sanitation
BS 2871: Part 1: 1972 Tubes for general purposes

BS 2871: Part 3: 1972 Tubes for heat exchangers.
BS 3148: 1959 Test for water for making concrete
BS 3248: 1967 Polythene pipe (Type 50) for cold water services
Black bitumen coating solution for cold
BS 3416: 1975
application
BS 3505: 1968 Unplasticised PVC pipe for cold water services
Steel pipes and tubes for pressure purposes:
carbon steel with specified room temperature
BS 3601: 1974
properties.
Flanged steel parallel slide valves for general

BS 4133: 1967
purposes
Coal tar-based hot applied coaling materials for
BS 4164: 1967 protecting iron and steel, including suitable
primers where required.
BS 4190: 1967 Isometric black hexagon bolts, screws and nuts
Two-part polysuphide-based sealants for the
BS 4254: 1967
building industry.
BS 4320: 1968 Metal washers for general engineering purposes
CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS iv
BS 4360: 1972 Weldable structural steels.

Hot rolled steel bars for the reinforcement of
BS 4449: 1969
concrete.
Cold worked steel bars for the Reinforcement of
BS 4461: 1969
concrete.
Bending dimensions and scheduling of bars for
BS 4466: 1969
the reinforcement of concrete
BS 4483: 1969 Steel fabric for the reinforcement of Concrete.
Flanges and bolting for pipes, valves and
BS 4505:
fittings. Metric series.
BS 4505: Part 1: 1969 Ferrous.
BS 4772: 1971 Ductile iron pipes and fittings.
BS 4848: Hot-rolled structural steel sections.
BS 4848: Part 2: 1975 Hollow sections
BS 4848 Part 4: 1972 Equal and unequal angles
Metal-arc welding of carbon and carbon
BS 5135: 1974
manganese steels
BS 5151: Cast iron gate valves for general Purposes
BS 5153: 1974 Cast iron check valves for general purposes
Cast iron and carbon steel butterfly valves for
BS 5155:
general purposes
Double flanged cast iron wedge gat valves for
BS 5163: 1974
waterworks purposes
Code of practice for the structural use of
BS 8007: 1987 concrete for retaining aqueous liquids (formerly
BS 5337)
BS 8110: 1985 The structural use of concrete.
Method of specifying concrete including ready
BS 5328: 1985 mix concrete
Plastics piping systems for sewerage under

EN 12201-1 2002 pressure -water supply, and for drainage and
Polyethylene (PE) - Part1: General
Plastics piping systems for water supply, and
EN 2201-2 2011 for drainage and sewerage under pressure –
Polyethylene (PE) - Part 2: Pipes
Plastics piping systems for water supply, and for
EN 12201-3 2011 drainage and sewerage under pressure –
Polyethylene (PE) - Part 3: Fittings
Plastics piping systems for water supply, and for
EN 12201-5 2011 drainage and sewerage under pressure
polyethylene (PE)
BS 5268: The structural use of timber
CP 112: Part 3: 1973 Trussed rafters for roofs of dwellings.
CP 231: 1966 Painting of buildings
CP 301: 1971 Building drainage
CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS v

CP 308: 1974 Drainage of roofs and paved areas

CP 310: 1965 Water supply
CP 2010: 1971 Pipelines
CP 2010: Part 1: Installation of pipelines in land
CP 2010: Part 2: 1970 Design and construction of steel pipeline in land
CP 2010: Part 3: 1972 Design and construction of iron pipeline in land
CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREAMBLE ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
PART 100: PRELIMINARIES AND GENERAL 1
101 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF LOCATION AND THE WORKS 1
102 EXTENT OF CONTRACT 4
103 DRAWINGS 6
103.1 Intent of the Drawings and Specifications 6
104 LIST OF DRAWINGS 6
105 CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL AND REQUIRED THICKNESS 7
106 MEASUREMENT 7
107 DIMENSIONS 7
108 MATERIALS ARISING FROM THE WORK 7
109 MATERIALS RETURNED TO STORES 7
110 QUARRIES, BORROW PITS, STOCKPILES AND SPOIL AREAS 8
111 TRIAL SECTIONS 8
112 PROGRAMME AND PROGRESS 8
113 EXISTING OPERATION RESTRICTIONS 10
114 SITE ACCESS AND FENCING 10
115 DEMOLITION WORK 10
116 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 11
117 BENCHMARKS 11
CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS vii
118 NOTICE OF DEMOLITIONS 11
119 USE OF EXPLOSIVES 11
120 DUST CONTROL 11
121 PROTECTION OF PERSONS 11
122 WATER SUPPLY AND OTHER SITE SERVICES 12
123 ENGINEER’S OFFICE FACILITIES 12

123.1 IT and Electrical/Mechanical Equipments 12
123.2 Kitchen/Pantry and Toilet Facilities 13
123.3 Surveying Instruments 13
124 SURVEY 14
124.1 Survey audit 14
124.2 Permanent survey marks 14
124.3 Tolerances 15
124.4 Survey staff 15
124.5 Setting out the work 15
124.6 Survey equipment 15
124.7 Compliance surveys 15
124.8 Topographic survey 16
124.9 Tides, wind, waves, currents and sediment transport 16
125 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) 16
126 SAMPLING AND TESTING 16
127 STANDARDS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE 17

127.1 Reference Specifications 17
CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS viii
127.2 Quality Assurance 17
128 ACCURACY OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURE 18
129 LIST OF STRUCTURES TO BE DESIGNED 18
130 “AS BUILT” DRAWINGS 19
131 PLANT AND METHODS 19
132 GROUND CONDITION REPORT 20
133 SITE ESTABLISHMENT AND SERVICES 20
134 SUBMISSIONS AS PART OF THE TENDER 22
135 DOCUMENTATION 22
136 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL 23
137 ALLOWABLE PERIODS OF WORK 23
138 SITE RESTORATION AND RE-VEGETATION 23
139 APPROVALS, SEARCHES AND DEVELOPMENT APPROVAL 23
140 SAFE DESIGN 24
141 STANDARDS 24
142 PROGRAMME OF THE EXECUTION OF WORKS 25
143 SUBSTANTIAL (PRACTICAL) COMPLETION 25
144 METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION 26
145 NOTICE OF OPERATIONS 26
146 NOMINATED SUB-CONTRACTORS AND NOMINATED SUPPLIERS 26
147 ENTRY UPON LAND, WORKING SITE AND ADJOINING LANDS 27
CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS ix

148 PRESERVATION OF SURVEY BEACONS 28
149 RELOCATION OF EXISTING SERVICES 28
150 DAMAGE TO EXISTING SERVICES 28
151 TEMPORARY ROADS AND TRAFFIC CONTROL 29
152 USE OF PUBLIC ROADS 29
153 ROAD AND RAILWAY CROSSING AND TRAFFIC CONTROL 29
154 PROTECTION FROM WATER 29
155 WEATHER CONDITIONS 30
156 PROTECTION FROM WEATHER 30
157 LIAISON WITH POLICE AND LABOUR OFFICE 30
158 PROVISION OF WATER 30
159 TEMPORARY LIGHTING AND POWER 30
160 SANITATION 31
161 SAFETY OFFICER 31
162 SIGNBOARDS 31
163 SETTING OUT 31
164 BACKFILLING OF HOLES AND TRENCHING FOR TEMPORARY WORKS 32
165 INSPECTION OF WORKS 32
166 JOINT MEASUREMENTS 32
167 CLEANING UP OF SITE 32
168 CONTRACTOR’S SUPERINTENDENCE 33
CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS x

169 TRANSPORT OF WORKMEN 33
170 NORMAL WORKING HOURS 33
171 ACCOMMODATION FOR CONTRACTOR’S WORKMEN 33
172 STORAGE SPACE: SHEDS 34
173 OFFICE FOR THE CONTRACTOR 34
174 COMMUNICATION 34
175 REMOVAL OF CAMPS 34
176 SITE MEETINGS 34
177 MISCELLANEOUS ACCOUNTS 35
PART 200: SITE CLEARANCE 36
201 GENERAL SITE CLEARANCE 36
PART 300: FENCING 37
303 TEMPORARY FENCING 37
305 FITTINGS 37
306 PERMANENT FENCING 37
308 GATES AND STILES 38
PART 500: DRAINAGE 38
501 GENERAL 38
502 CONCRETE LINED DRAIN 39

502.1 Placing 39
503 STONE PITCHING 40

503.1 Stone Pitching Slope Treatment 40
CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS xi

503.2 Materials for Stone Pitching 40
PART 600: EARTHWORKS 42
601 CLASSIFICATION, DEFINITIONS AND USES OF EARTHWORKS MATERIALS 42
602 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 43

602.1 Suitable Excavated Material 43
602.2 Imported Filling Material 45
603 FORMING OF CUTTINGS AND CUTTING SLOPES 46
604 EXCAVATION FOR FOUNDATIONS 46

604.1 Rock Excavation 46
605.2 Disposal of Excavated Material 47
607 EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING FOR EXCAVATION 47
608 CONSTRUCTION OF FILLS 47

608.1 Exposure of the Natural Foundation 48
608.2 Proving of Natural Foundation 49
608.3 Compaction of the Natural Foundation In Cut Areas 49
610 FILL TO STRUCTURES 49
612 COMPACTION OF FILLS 50
613 CAPPING 51
613.1 Capping Material 51
631.2 Compaction 52
616 PREPARATION AND SURFACE TREATMENT OF FORMATION 53

616.1 Testing of Formation 53
617 USE OF SUB-FORMATION OR FORMATION BY CONSTRUCTION PLANT 54
626 GABIONS 54
631 EARTHWORKS MATERIALS TESTS 56
CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS xii
PART 1000: CONCRETE PAVEMENTS 57
1001 CONSTITUENT MATERIALS 58

1001.1 Aggregates 58
1001.2 Cement 61
1001.3 Water 62
1001.4 Admixtures 62
1001.5 Joint Filler 63
1001.6 Curing Compounds For Exposed Surfaces 63
1001.7 Curing Liquids for Vertical Faces 63
1001.8 Joint Sealing Compounds 64
1002 DESIGN AND COMPOSITION OF PAVEMENT QUALITY CONCRETE 64

1002.1 Mix Design 64
1002.2 Strength 65
1002.3 Mixture Parameters 66
1002.4 Heat of Hydration 66
1002.5 Control of Chlorides 66
1002.6 Precautions against Alkali-Silica Reaction 67
1002.7 Consistence (Workability) 68
1002.8 Laboratory and Batching Trial Mixes 68
1002.9 Placement Trial Areas 69
1003 PLANT, WORKMANSHIP AND PRODUCTION TESTING 71

1003.1 Storage of Materials 71
1003.2 Storing And Handling Aggregates 71
1003.3 Tests On Aggregates From Stockpiles 72
1003.4 Batching and Mixing Of Concrete 72
1003.5 Concrete Mixers 73
1003.6 Slab Thickness 74
1003.7 Layout of Joints 75
1003.8 Weather Conditions 75
1003.9 Forms 76
1003.10 Transporting Concrete Mixtures 76
1003.11 Control Testing Of Fresh Concrete 77
1003.12 Placing Concrete 79
CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS xiii
1003.13 Machine Laid Concrete 79

1003.14 Hand Laid PQ Concrete 80
1003.15 Slip-Formed Concrete 80
1003.16 Expansion Joints 81
1003.17 Longitudinal Joints 82
1003.18 Method of Achieving Surface Accuracy 82
1003.19 Finished Levels and Surface Regularity 82
1003.20 Texturing Of Surface 84
1003.21 Initial Curing 85
1003.22 Time Allowed For Concreting 86
1003.23 Final Curing 86
1003.24 Contraction Grooves 87
1003.25 Control Testing On Hardened Concrete 87
1003.26 Sealing of Expansion Joints 89
1003.27 Sealing of Construction Joints and Contraction Grooves 90
1003.28 Traffic on Finished Concrete 90
1003.29 Filling Core Holes 91
1003.30 Cutting Out And Replacing Concrete 91
1003.31 Cracks In New Concrete 92
1004 TEST RESULTS 92

1004.1 Tests for Initial Approval Of Materials 92
1004.2 Routine Tests on Bulk Supplies throughout Plant Mixing 93
1004.3 Routine Tests on Plant throughout Plant Mixing 93
1004.4 Routine Tests on Concrete throughout Plant Mixing 93
1004.5 Routine Tests on Hardened Concrete 94
1004.6 Certificates throughout The Work 94
1004.7 Additional Tests on Materials 94
APPENDIX 1000A – SOUNDNESS TEST 94
APPENDIX 1000B – STRAIGHTEDGE TEST 101
APPENDIX 1000C – TESTS FOR MANUFACTURED JOINT FILLERS 101
PART 1700: STRUCTURAL CONCRETE 106
CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS xiv
1701 GENERAL 106
1701 MATERIALS 106

1701.1 Concrete Grades 106
1701.2 Maximum Aggregate Size 106
1701.3 Minimum Cement Content 106
1701.4 Maximum Free Water/Cement Ratio 107
1701.5 Aggregate Types 107
1701.6 Cement 108
1701.7 Water 108
1701.8 Admixtures 108
1701.9 Consistence 108
1701.10 Concrete Ratios 109
1702 COMPLIANCE WITH SPECIFIED REQUIREMENTS 109

1702.1 General 109
1702.2 Strength Testing 109
1702.3 Failure to Meet Specified Requirements 109
1703 REINFORCEMENT MATERIALS 110

1703.1 Generally 110
1703.2 Quality Assurance 110
1703.3 Certificates 110
1703.4 Materials 110
1704 BATCHING, MIXING AND PLACING OF CONCRETE 111

1704.1 Batching and Mixing 111
1704.2 Transporting of Concrete 111
1704.3 Placing of Concrete 111
1704.4 Depositing Concrete Under Water 112
1704.5 Compaction of Concrete 113
1705 CURING 113

1705.2 Horizontal Surfaces 114
1705.3 Other Surfaces 114
1705.4 Thick Concrete Section 114
CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS xv

1706 CONCRETING IN HOT WEATHER 115
1706 CONCRETE JOINTS 115

1706.1 General 115
1706.2 Construction Joints 115
1706.3 Expansion Joints 115
1707 CONCRETE TOLERANCES 115
1708 FIXING AND STORAGE OF REINFORCING MATERIALS 115

1708.2 Spacers 116
1708.3 Laps of Fabric Reinforcement 116
1708.4 Storage 116
1708.5 Cutting and Bending 116
1708.6 Welding 116
1709 FORMWORK 117

1709.2 Formwork 117
1709.3 Ties 117
1709.4 Deflection and Camber of Formwork 118
1709.5 Supports to Formwork 118
1709.6 Cleaning and Treatment of Formwork 118
1709.7 Surface Retarding Agents 118
1709.8 Striking or Removal of Formwork 118
1710 CONCRETE FINISHES 119

1710.1 General 119
1710.2 Quality of Finish 119
1710.3 Formed Surfaces 119
1710.4 Unformed Surfaces 119
1710.5 Inspection and Making Good 119
1710.6 Dimensional Tolerance 120
1711 RUBBLE CONCRETE 120

1711.1 General 120
CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS xvi
PART 1800: SEAWALL ARMOURING 121
1801 GENERAL 121
1802 ARMOUR ROCK 121

1802.1 General 121
1802.2 Primary & Secondary armour rock 121
1804 CONSTRUCTION OF ARMOUR ROCK 123

1804.1 General 123
1804.2 Form of armour rock 123
1805 ARMOUR ROCK PROFILE 123
1806 TESTING SCHEDULE 124

1806.1 General 124
1806.2 Sampling 124
1806.3 Testing method for size, grading, aspect ratio and shape 124
1806.4 Provision of reference stones 124
1806.5 Frequency of testing 124
PART 1900: MISCELLANEOUS WORKS 125
1901 GEOTEXTILE 125
1902 SIGNS 125

1902.1 “Hazard - Unstable Rocks” sign 125
1902.2 “Marking Plates” 126
1903 STAIRCASE 126
1904 PILING 126
PART 2000: METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION 127
2001 GENERAL 127
2002 QUARRY REQUIREMENTS 127
2003 TRANSPORTATION OF MATERIAL, ACCESS ROADWAY AND STOCKPILING 128

CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS xvii
2004 PROCEDURE IN EVENT OF HEAVY WEATHER AND TEMPORARY CESSATION OF

WORK 128
PART 3000: DAYWORKS 129
3001 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 129
CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS xviii
PART 100: PRELIMINARIES AND GENERAL
101 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF LOCATION AND THE WORKS
To increase resilience to Sea level Rise (SLR) and erratic precipitation, the Government of the United
Republic of Tanzania (GoT) is executing two initiatives for climate change adaptation. These
initiatives include:
i. The Implementation of concrete adaptation measures to reduce vulnerability of livelihoods and
economy of coastal communities of Tanzania’ supported by the Adaptation Fund (AF) with an
infrastructure component for sea walls and drainage works construction
ii. Developing Core Capacities to Address Adaptation to Climate Change in Productive Coastal Zones of
Tanzania’ supported by the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) of Global Environment Fund
(GEF) with an infrastructure component for construction of sea walls and drainage works.
The implementing entity/agency for both projects is UNEP while the executing
entity/organization for both projects is the GoT, Vice President’s Office – Division of
Environment (VPODoE). To ensure swift and quality implementation, UNEP and VPODoE have
partnered with the United Nation Office for Project Services, East Africa Hub (UNOPS-EAH) to
provide the full range of support for feasibility studies, design, procurement and implementation
of the infrastructure component of both projects.
The project objective is thus to to construct Seawalls and Drainage Works, under the AF & LDCF
Projects in Tanzania. These are the permanent works. This is to be undertaken in a safe manner
for construction personnel (on site, off site), visitors, and the public and with minimum impact to
the environment. Health, Safety and Environmental regulations apply to the Contractor and its
Sub-Contractor (if applicable) at all times.
The project sites selected for intervention were identified by the Office of the Vice President, of
the Government of Tanzania in consultation with UNOPS. The five (5) sites selected for
inclusion in this scope are:
 Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam – the site comprises a sea wall, dilapidated in places that
provide protection to Ocean Road, a cancer hospital and some important government
buildings.
 Kigamboni – A site fronting the Julius Nyerere Memorial University and TAFICO where
there is no existing coastal defence structure or the sea wall has totally collapsed. The sea
wall provides protection to a number of university buildings and at the adjacent site,
belonging to the Fisheries department; a couple buildings had been or would soon be
undermined by coastal erosion of the cliff.
 Pangani – A site comprises the river walls fronting the town of Pangani on both banks of
the river. The river wall provides protection to the homes and businesses within the town.
CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS 1

 Kilimani, Zanzibar – The site comprises a beach fronting a public amenity area, which is
subject to flooding during high tides and extensive flooding on more extreme high tides.
 Kisiwa Panza, Pemba – the site comprises low lying farm land which is inundated during
the 3 – 4 highest tides each year.
Figure 1 - Location plan of sites

Fig 2: Overall Geographical Locations (Source C4 Eco Solutions Updated Draft Baseline Report)

Within this document the ENGINEER is deemed to be United Nations Office for Project
Services, East African Hub (UNOPS-EAH). The ENGINEER will confirm to the contractor the
appropriate point of contact throughout the execution of the project. This is likely to change to a
nominated representative during the construction phase. Any limitations of authority for a
nominated representative will be confirmed at that time. The Contractor should not conform to
any instruction from a company or individual not expressly pre-approved by the ENGINEER.
Any clarifications, conflicts or issues should be reported to the ENGINEER or his pre-approved
representative in the first instance,
102 EXTENT OF CONTRACT
The works include construction of;
1. Rubble concrete seawall structure

2. Rock-Toe scour protection to the vertical sea walls
The scope includes;
3. Construction of walkways adjacent to the seawalls

4. Construction of defense barriers on selected areas along the seawalls
5. Rehabilitation and extension of storm-water drains along the length of the seawalls, and;
6. Slope protection and stone pitching in selected areas.
7. Construction and Erection of Concrete Benches along selected beach fronts
8. Street lighting along the beach fronts
9. Ablution facilities/Toilet blocks at selected locations/project lots;
10. Rubble concrete groynes at particular project lots
The drainage works to be executed under the contract comprise mainly of but are not limited to
the following:
11. Rehabilitation of Miburini-Mtoni Bustani Street open storm water drain to concrete lined
drain with concrete side slabs. The drain is about 1269 metres long.
12. Construction of Bungoni Street Open storm water drain to concrete lined drain with concrete
side slabs. The drain is about 1039 metres long.
13. Construction of associated pipe culvert crossings along Mtoni Street.
14. Construction of outfalls for both storm water drains at the exits.
15. Maintenance of traffic during construction period to avoid interruptions during construction
period especially at the road crossings.
Storm Water Drain Details

Drain width(mm) Chainage(m)
Miburini-Mtoni-Bustani Street Drain

1200mm 0-400
1500mm 400-800
2500mm 800-1267
Bungoni- Street Drain
2500mm 0-1039
Unless specified otherwise, the Contractor will complete all the works described in this
specification and in the supplied drawings including the supply of, handling and placement of all
materials required under this contract for the erosion protection works. Temporary works, if
required, will comply with the requirements of the contract and be undertaken in accordance with
good construction practice.
The Contractor shall supply and/or quarry and transport all material required for the work under
this contract in accordance with the requirements of this specification and to the satisfaction of
the ENGINEER.
The Contractor shall supply all labour, equipment, consumables, materials, temporary works,
quarrying, transportation, testing and placement necessary to complete the Seawall works in
accordance with the requirements of this specification.
The Contractor shall make all necessary enquiries concerning the type and use of all plant and
procedures to be used, and shall establish from the relevant authorities any restrictions of
particular requirements which may apply to the construction method required for the completion
of the work.
The Contractor shall prepare prior to construction, for ENGINEER’S Approval and follow the
Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP).
The Contractor shall submit for review by the ENGINEER, any design modification necessary to
allow for the Contractor’s proposed method of construction of the Seawall protection, including
temporary access. In the first instance, construction methodologies should be prioritized and
priced to permit the construction of the tender design unaltered.
The various classes of materials shall comply with the quality and grading requirements as
specified in this specification.
The work shall be executed as per the programme drawn up by the ENGINEER and shall be
completed within the time ordered by the ENGINEER. The work shall be carried out under the
supervision of the ENGINEER from the beginning to its end and quality assurance and progress
reports will be prepared to assess the performance and progress of the works. The Contractor
shall therefore facilitate the on-site inspection of the ENGINEERS representative. The Contractor
shall follow recommendations for local adjustments/repairs and comply with official instructions
issued by the ENGINEER or its representative.

103 DRAWINGS
Contract drawings have been bound in a book of drawings accompanying these Contract
Documents as a separate volume. Soft copies of these drawings can be obtained from the
Engineer.
The Engineer may from time to time, in order to enable satisfactory completion of the Works,
revise, amend, or supersede any of these drawings. It shall be the Contractor’s responsibility to
construct the Works in conformity with the latest revision or amendment to the drawings,
provided that the Engineer has given to the Contractor in writing such reasonable prior notices of
intention to revise, amend or supersede as the nature of the intended change requires, and the
relevant drawings have been issued to the Contractor.
103.1 Intent of the Drawings and Specifications
The intent of Drawings and Specifications is to describe the details for the complete construction
and maintenance of the works, which the Contractor undertakes to perform in accordance with
the terms of the Contract.
Where the Drawings or Specifications describe portions of the works in general terms, but not in
complete detail, it is understood that only materials and workmanship of the first quality are to be
used. First quality refers to the quality as approved by the Engineer.
Unless otherwise specified, the Contractor shall furnish all labour, materials, tools, equipment and
incidentals and do all the work involved in executing the Contract in a satisfactory and workman-
like manner.
104 LIST OF DRAWINGS
The Works are detailed on the following lot drawings:
1. Lot 1: Ocean Road & Kigamboni Seawalls
2. Lot 2: Pangani North & South Banks Seawalls
3. Lot 3: Kilimani Groynes
4. Lot 4: Kisiwa Panza Seawalls
5. Lot 5: Drainage Works

105 CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL AND REQUIRED THICKNESS
Construction materials and their required thickness are as specified in the detailed design
drawings
106 MEASUREMENT
Measurement units and payments will be as described in the Bill of Quantities; Returnable Bids
Schedule 4 of the Contract Documents
107 DIMENSIONS
All dimensions indicated or stated in descriptions are those taken on site in order to assist the
Contractor to formulate prices and no guarantee is given as to their absolute accuracy.
The dimensions and thicknesses of existing seawalls shown on the drawings shall be taken as
average thicknesses that may be encountered. The thicknesses shall be verified on site during
construction.
108 MATERIALS ARISING FROM THE WORK
Unless specified otherwise, all materials arising from the work of demolitions, alterations and site
clearance shall, be considered to be controlled wastes under the control of the Contractor and be
removed from the sites.
The Contractor shall remove from the sites any materials not specified to be retained, and shall at
any reasonable time produce on the request of the Engineer suitable documentation to
demonstrate day to day compliance with the legislation currently relating to the transfer, carriage,
treatment and disposal of waste. A complete set of such documentation shall at the end of the
contract be passed to the Engineer. Any material which is suitable and complies with the relevant
Specification clauses and is approved may be used within the works.
Materials from demolished existing quarry rubble stone seawalls complying with this
specification maybe either used within the works or stockpiled for use in future works.
109 MATERIALS RETURNED TO STORES
All items described as "return to store" shall be taken down or taken out in such a manner as to be
capable of re-use. All ends or other parts which are built in shall be carefully cut out and cleaned.
All items of a sectional character shall be dismantled into component parts, removed to and neatly
stacked in the store or other position adjacent thereto on the airport as directed. The Contractor
shall report to and agree with the Engineer any materials which are found to be missing or
defective. The Contractor shall be responsible for the care and protection of all materials
described as taken to store etc, from the Date for Commencement.
110 QUARRIES, BORROW PITS, STOCKPILES AND SPOIL AREAS
The Contractor will be entirely responsible for locating and proving suitable sources of materials
complying with the Standard and Special specifications and for procurement, winning, haulage to
site of these materials, rehabilitating the borrow pits, quarries, stockpile and spoil areas, and all
costs involved therein. Similarly the Contractor will be responsible for provision of areas for
stockpiling materials and disposal of spoil, as well as the costs thereof.
No additional payment will be made to the Contractor to cover costs arising from the
requirements of this clause. The Contractor shall include the costs of complying with this clause
in the rates and prices inserted in the Bill of Quantities.
111 TRIAL SECTIONS
The Contractor shall allow in his programme for construction of trial sections and carrying out
tests upon them as directed by the Engineer. Trials would normally be required at the start of each
work package (lot) and if changes of method or equipment deem it necessary as directed by the
Engineer. The time for completion of the Contract shall not be extended because of the time
needed to construct trial sections and evaluate the tests on them.
At least Seven (7) days before the work of seawall construction is commenced the Contractor
shall construct a trial as specified in the relevant clause of this specification. For each trial the
Contractor shall use the materials, mix proportions, mixing, laying, compaction plants and
construction procedure that he proposes to use for the main work. The main work of seawall
construction shall not be commenced until this trial has been tested and approved by the
Engineer.
No variation in the construction procedure, mix proportions, size, grading or source of any of the
constituents shall be made without the agreement of the Engineer who may first require new trial
sections to be carried out.
112 PROGRAMME AND PROGRESS
Within fourteen (14) days after commencement of Works, the Contractor shall submit for
approval a programme or programmes for the execution of the Works.

The programme(s) shall be in bar-chart format, to the approval of the Engineer, with the
milestone dates, critical path(s) and float periods clearly shown.
The Contractor shall use a Critical Path Method technique in preparing his execution programme,
making use of a computer software package that is compatible with Microsoft Project. The
software package used should allow the hard copy and digital transfer of information between the
Contractor, Engineer and Employer. The planning software used should enable the Contractor to
comply with all programme and reporting requirements in the Contract Documents to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.
All construction activities including off site activities shall be shown, together with any
temporary works construction. Critical dates for the issue of information for construction and for
design and materials or equipment ordering by the Contractor shall be included.
If instructed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall provide additional detailed tables, bar-charts
and critical path(s) networks of the whole or parts of the Works.
The programme will also be accompanied by an Execution Method Statement /Project Execution
Plan. The programmes shall be updated and/or expanded at such times, as the Engineer shall
direct. Generally updated programming data (Networks, Tables and Bar-charts) showing actual
progress in comparison with the Contract programme shall be submitted to the Engineer at
monthly intervals. Two-week look ahead programmes shall be submitted 24 hours prior to each
weekly meeting.
In addition to the above the Contractor shall submit in duplicate a Monthly Progress Report. The
reports shall be submitted from month 1 until the issue of the Certificate of Completion of the
Works.
The reports shall be submitted to the Engineer by the fifth working day of the ensuing month and shall
typically include;
 updated execution programme with completion dates for remaining activities;

 details of project staffing;
 meeting details, health and safety report plant and labour details Contract progress
reports;
 approved programme/actual progress;
 updated materials and equipment procurement schedules;
 method statement log sub-Contractor/supplier approval status;
 material submittal log;
 shop drawing log;
 request for information log;
 selected progress photographs as directed;
 commissioning details;

 defect reports;
 cash flow charts; and
 other critical indicator reports as required.
Digital copies of all documents and photographs shall be submitted in addition to hard copies.
113 EXISTING OPERATION RESTRICTIONS
The ferry services where applicable shall remain operational during the period of the Contract.
However, should any emergency require temporary cessation of work or change in working
methods for safety reasons, the Contractor shall co-operate and act as instructed by the Engineer.
No item of plant or materials shall penetrate the obstacle clearance surface contours without the
permission of the Engineer. Penetration of these surfaces may be limited to ensure the safe
operation of the ferries where applicable.
114 SITE ACCESS AND FENCING
The Contractor shall be responsible for the construction of temporary roads, barriers and fences
required for site access and temporary site facilities. The Contractor shall also obtain all
necessary licenses and permits at his own expense for provision and maintenance of these
facilities.
The Contractor shall provide all necessary and safe vehicular and pedestrian access to carry out
the works.
The Contractor shall specify a Traffic Management Plan and provide it to the ENGINEER for
review. The Contractor shall submit full details of construction roads used to build the seawall to
the ENGINEER for approval before commencement of works.
The Contractor shall use or construct and maintain his own means of access to the site. Any new
access tracks that the Contractor wishes to install must receive the prior approval of the
ENGINEER.
The Contractor shall provide a schedule of construction works, with respect to the tides at the
various sites, to the ENGINEER for review prior commencement of the works.
Barricading, Spotters, Fencing and Signalization will be required to control access to the site and
assist in achieving Site Safety.
115 DEMOLITION WORK
All demolition work shall be carried out in conformity with the requirements of BS6187.

116 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Where Site clearance involves the handling and disposal of hazardous materials, the Contractor
shall carry out the work in accordance with Statute, Regulations and the requirements of the
Local Authority.
117 BENCHMARKS
Any benchmarks found on setting out monuments shall be reported to the Engineer and under no
circumstances shall they be removed or destroyed without his written authority.
118 NOTICE OF DEMOLITIONS
The Contractor shall give the Engineer at least 1 week notice in writing of his intention to
commence demolition.
119 USE OF EXPLOSIVES
Use of explosives will be as per Clause 607 of this Specification.
120 DUST CONTROL
The Contractor shall take all precautions necessary to control dust arising from operations of site
clearance, breaking out and cutting pavements and in particular to prevent dust from blowing off
the Site on to adjacent properties and shall take any additional precautions which the Engineer or
Local Authority may consider necessary.
The Contractor will need to comply with the requirements of the applicable Environmental
Protection legislative requirements.
The Contractor shall take adequate precautions to effectively minimize all dust and noise related
conditions which may occur during the construction and which may affect the safety, general
wellbeing and utility of local residents. The Contractor will outline its approach to these issues in
the Construction Environmental Management Plan.
121 PROTECTION OF PERSONS
Adequate precautions shall be taken to protect the public and persons engaged on the Site during
the progress of the Works. Where the work adjoins public footpaths or roads, fencing and lighting
necessary for this purpose shall be provided and fully maintained by the Contractor.
122 WATER SUPPLY AND OTHER SITE SERVICES
There are some seasonal natural water courses and boreholes which could be used as water
sources. In addition, there are privately owned boreholes whose use can only be through private
arrangements between the owners and the Contractor.
The Contractor may create additional water sources by systematic harvesting and conservation of
seasonal surface water runoff through various methods including development of river courses,
diversion of runoff to borrow pits or other excavations he may have made. The Contractor may
also opt to drill new boreholes. No separate payment will be made for such works except when
the Contractor has received approval to sink boreholes in which case payment will be made at
rates entered by the Contractor in the Bill of Quantities.
Before harvesting water from the natural watercourses and boreholes, the Contractor will carry
out relevant water quality tests.
Water, power and sewerage and Waste services/supply required for the construction of the works
shall be arranged and managed by the Contractor.
123 ENGINEER’S OFFICE FACILITIES
Engineer’s fixed and movable office facilities shall be provided by UNOPS. All the office
consumable items will however be provided by the Contractor.
123.1 IT and Electrical/Mechanical Equipments
The Contractor will install Vsat internet connection on the specified location on site with a
minimum bandwidth speed of 1MBPS for the period of the Contract. This includes antennas,
modems and cabling.
The Engineer's offices shall be provided with the following:
 1No. Latest HP (A4/A3) laser /copier/printer/scanner with all accessories;

 1No. A3 paper shredder;
 2No. Electronic Scientific calculators 12 figures (Casio JR250);
 1No. Document binding machine;
 1No. Ordinary paper punch; and
 1N0. Kangaro HD-1217 stapler or equivalent

Printers, scanners and other equipment detailed above for the duration of the Works and shall
provide replacements for all consumables associated with the same.
The Contractor shall provide a top quality rechargeable digital camera, minimum 14 Mega Pixel
resolution with optical zoom for the sole use of the Engineer.
123.2 Kitchen/Pantry and Toilet Facilities
The Contractor shall also provide kitchen/pantry and toilet facilities within Engineer’s Office, for
the sole use of the Engineer's Staff, consisting of the following total numbers:
a) Kitchen/Pantry Utilities
Item Units
Refrigerator (5 cubic feet) 1 No.
Microwave Oven 1 No.
Utility table 100cm x 150cm 1 No.
Cupboards 2 No.
Electric Kettle 1 No.
Water Dispersor (Hot/Cold) 1 No.
Drinking Water As required
Cups, Saucers, teaspoons (12pcs.) 1 sets
Tea/Coffee As required
Cutlery (12pcs.) 1 sets
Drinking glasses (12pcs.) 1 sets
Chair/Stool 2 sets
Exhaust Fan 1 sets
Sink 1 sets
Tea Towels 5 No.
123.3 Surveying Instruments
The surveying instruments to be supplied and maintained for the use of the Engineer should
include but not be limited to the following:
Item Units
Total Station – Leica TC1102 or equivalent 1
LISCAD Software 1
Automatic level Wild NAK 2 or equivalent with tripod and staff 1
2m ranging pole 6
Optical square - Wild GDP3 or equivalent 1
30m steel tape 1
50m fibre tape 2

5m pocket tape 5
1 meter long spirit level 1
300mm long spirit level 2
Survey arrows, wooden pegs, rails, etc. as required
3kg hammer 1
Claw hammer 2
Pick 1
Shovel 1
Manhole lifting keys for heavy, medium and light duty covers 1 set for each
Torch 2
Marking chalks, paint as required
Safety helmets as required
Boots as required
Cotton overalls as required
Chainmen as required
Levelers as required
Safety boots as required
124 SURVEY
124.1 Survey audit
The Contractor is requested to check and confirm acceptance of the pre-construction survey
information provided by the ENGINEER.
Should the Contractor identify any discrepancies from the contract quantities to quantities
calculated from this survey this shall be brought to the immediate attention of the ENGINEER.
The Datum for all levels, soundings and contours referred to in the specification and the drawings
is UTM Datum.
The Contractor shall be responsible for establishing and maintaining any additional survey marks
required in order to complete the Seawall protection work as specified.
The Contractor shall preserve all survey and benchmarks. In the event of accidental destruction of
the marks by the Contractor, the cost of restoration shall be borne by the Contractor.
The Contractor shall be responsible for all line and level surveys necessary to check that the
Seawall is constructed in accordance to the “Issue for Construction” drawings.
“As Built” drawings shall be supplied by the Contractor at the time of handing over the
completed works at their cost and those “As Built” drawings shall follow the ENGINEER
recommendations and standards.
124.2 Permanent survey marks

Permanent Survey Marks (PSM) have been established at various locations on the site.
Permanent Survey Marks shall remain undisturbed, be safeguarded and preserved unless in a
position of direct conflict with the permanent works. Any Permanent Survey Mark disturbed by

an action associated with the works under this Contract shall be reinstated including those in
direct conflict with the permanent works.
Permanent Survey Marks located so as to conflict with the permanent works shall be relocated
outside the scope of the permanent works.
All Permanent Survey Marks shall be established to the following accuracy limits by a Registered
Surveyor:
 Position accuracy ±0.02 m
 Level accuracy ±0.05 m
All Permanent Survey Marks shall consist of a metallic cap set in a stable concrete plinth, at least
0.3m³ in volume, with its identification mark, co-ordinates and elevation permanently marked on
it. The benchmark plates shall not be centre popped until checked and approved by the
ENGINEER, scribe marks being used in the meantime.
All Permanent Survey Marks shall be clearly identified, such that they are visible from a distance
of 20 metres.
124.3 Tolerances
Tolerances for positions and levels of the various items of the works shall be as detailed in the
relevant sections of the Technical Specification.
124.4 Survey staff

A licensed and competent Surveyor, assisted by a sufficient number of survey assistants, shall be
employed to ensure that all works are executed true to the lines and levels shown on the Drawings
and that adequate dimensional and level control of the works is maintained.
124.5 Setting out the work

The works shall be set out on the site correctly and in accordance with the contract. The
ENGINEER will provide the set-out survey. Curves, grades, levels and all other details shown on
the Drawings shall be adhered to. All changes of grade shall be eased off with vertical curves.
124.6 Survey equipment

All survey shall be undertaken using modern survey instruments suitably calibrated and recorded.
Minimum requirements are:
 Theodolites capable of reading to an accuracy of within five seconds
 Electronic distance measurement equipment capable of reading to an accuracy of within
plus or minus 5 mm, plus 5 ppm
Total station equipment is preferred.
124.7 Compliance surveys

Two compliance surveys will be undertaken by the Contractor at 5% completion and 70%
completion.
The Contractor may prepare additional compliance survey at their own costs to justify progress
payment, if required.
The ENGINEER will undertake a survey conformance report at 100% completion of the seawall.
The Contractor shall provide at their own cost the “As Built” survey once the works are
completed.
The Survey Conformance Report shall be certified by the surveyor responsible for the compliance
survey and shall include ‘specified verses actual’ for position, level and tolerances. The
compliance survey shall be undertaken within two working days once the lot or component of the
works has become accessible for survey. Compliance surveys shall be included in quality records.
124.8 Topographic survey

The most recent topographic survey for the site has been undertaken. This “pre-construction
survey” is availed to the contractor for information and use.
124.9 Tides, wind, waves, currents and sediment transport
The semi-diurnal tidal planes for the project locations, Wind data, Local waves, coastal currents
and sediment transport are described in the Preliminary Design Report, available to the contactor
for information and use.
125 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
The Contractor shall ensure that the works are carried out in accordance with their Safe Work
Method Statements and their own Health and Safety Management System. All persons engaged in
work or visiting the site will be appropriately briefed and the Contractor shall ensure that all
persons on site adhere to the relevant site rules.
The Contractor shall provide hard hats, high visibility vests, safety boots and any other necessary
PPE to the Engineer's and Employer's staff and sufficient spares for visitors. Equipment shall be
replaced with new as necessary.
126 SAMPLING AND TESTING
It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to perform sampling and testing under the direct
supervision of the Engineer, as and when required. The samples shall be collected and transported
to the laboratory by the Contractor at his own cost.

127 STANDARDS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
127.1 Reference Specifications
i) Unless stated otherwise, materials and methods shall comply with the reference specification
which is current; 28 days before the date of issue of the Tender documents.
ii) Where specifications refer to British Standards, alternative, internationally recognised

equivalents, to be approved by the Engineer may be accepted.
iii) The Contractor shall make available to the Engineer as required copies of each and every
Code of Practice, International Standard, test method etc. relevant to the Work as stated in the
various Clauses in this Specification.
iv) If the Contractor proposes the adoption of alternative standards, he shall provide details and
explanations for approval.
127.2 Quality Assurance
i) The Contractor shall provide a preliminary list of all the suppliers from whom he proposes to
purchase materials within 30 days of commencement of the site works. Prior to delivery of
materials to the job site, the Contractor shall submit certified test reports and samples to the
Engineer of all materials proposed for use in the Works, whether from an outside supplier or
whether supplied by the Contractor from his own resources. The certificates(s) shall show
the appropriate test(s) for each material, the test results, and a statement that the material
meets the specification requirement. The Engineer's approval shall be received prior to any
materials being delivered in bulk to the works.
ii) The Engineer may request further samples for testing, prior to and during construction to
verify the quality of the materials and to ensure conformance with the applicable
specifications. The Contractor shall provide all samples free of charge.
iii) All equipment to be used in testing shall be calibrated at the start of the project or valid
calibration test certificates submitted. Recalibration shall be undertaken at regular intervals
throughout the project period as approved by the Engineer.
iv) The Contractor shall test samples as specified from each quarry location and borrow pit
proposed for use in the Works. The results of these tests shall be submitted to the Engineer
for approval at least 14 days before the quarry or borrow pit material is required for use.
Should any quarry or borrow pit material prove to be unsuitable, the Contractor shall
investigate further sites or establish more appropriate quality control procedures in existing
sites, until suitable materials are found and approved.

v) The Contractor’s programme shall allow sufficient time for materials testing and no claim for
delays or extra costs arising out of this will be accepted.
128 ACCURACY OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURE
i) All materials supplied for use in the Works shall conform with specified tolerances.
ii) The thickness and alignment of any structure as specified or ordered by the Engineer, shall
meet the requirements of the relevant clauses in this specification.
129 LIST OF STRUCTURES TO BE DESIGNED
The following structures will be designed on site;
1. The final seawalls longitudinal profile will be prepared by the Engineer.
2. The Contractor will prepare detailed cross-sections of the seawalls and specified interval
for approval by the Engineer before setting out.
3. The Contractor to provide shop drawing for specified sections of works as required
No direct payment will be made to the Contractor for any kind of design work, preparation of
drawings and specification propose and under taken by the Contractor.
The Contractor shall prepare working drawings to the required detail, free of charge.
Working drawings of concrete structures consisting of such details as may be reasonable required
for the successful execution of the work and which are not included in the plans furnished by the
Employer, shall be prepared by the Contractor. Three sets of working drawings shall be submitted
to the Engineer for approval
No examination or approval expressed by the Engineer of any documents or drawings shall

relieve the Contractor from any liability imposed upon him by any provision of the Contract.
Should it be found at any time after approval has been given by the Engineer to any drawings
submitted by the Contractor that the said drawings do not comply with the terms and conditions
of the Contract or that the details do not agree with the drawings submitted previously, such
alterations and deductions as may be deemed necessary by the Engineer shall be made by the
Contractor and work carried out accordingly without extra payment to the Contractor.

130 “AS BUILT” DRAWINGS
On completion of the Works, the Contractor shall bring all the construction drawings including
all shop drawings up to 'As Built' status incorporating all modifications, additions, alterations etc.,
which may have been made during the construction.
The drawings shall be prepared using Autodesk, AutoCAD software, version 2012 or later
versions.
All drawings are to be numbered consistent with the design drawings and are to bear the suffix
"AB". All prior revision markings are to be removed from the drawing. Drawings shall be
provided in the following formats:
 A3 size paper
 CD with both .pdf and .dwg formats
All formats are to have a list of the contents in each volume
Individual files are to be numbered as the drawing number contained, folders are to be named as
the group of drawings contained. Read-only discs are to be thoroughly checked for accuracy in
file numbering.
The Contractor shall provide records of the Contract requirements and handover of spare parts
placed in one folder and including:
 The requirements of the Contract, Specification and Bills of Quantities;

 Lists of manufacturers' recommendations, where called for;
 Lists of materials and equipment ordered;
 Record of handover of spare parts and special tools;
 Copies of orders, with delivery dates, of items ordered but not at site; and
 Lists of spare parts with supplier prices current at the date of the Completion
Certificate.
The entire final ‘as built’ drawings shall be prepared to the required detail, free of charge.
131 PLANT AND METHODS
The Contractor shall submit a comprehensive plant schedule, which shall include the proposed
dates of arrival on site of each item of plant.
Before commencing any section of the Works, the Contractor shall obtain approval of the plant
and methods-proposed for use.
The Contractor shall take all efforts to prevent fuel and oil spills either from vehicles or during
refueling and maintenance and shall have an approved plan to deal with any spills that do occur.
132 GROUND CONDITION REPORT
Report on the existing ground including the existing seawalls conditions does not form part of the
Contract Documents. However, the Report is made available for the Contractor’s information
only, and any conclusions on the ground conditions made by the Contractor based on this
information, will be his own responsibility.
The Contractor will be entirely responsible for locating and proving suitable sources of materials
complying with the Standard and Special specifications and for procurement, winning, haulage to
site of these materials, rehabilitating the borrow pits, quarries, stockpile and spoil areas, and all
costs involved therein.
The ENGINEER will provide the available site data and reports for the use by the Contractor.
The Contractor is responsible for any use, interpretation or conclusion made by themselves with
regard to the site information and to the site conditions based on the information provided.
The Contractor shall have inspected the sites and its surrounds and shall be satisfied so far as is
practical of all physical and non-physical conditions to be dealt with and contended within the
execution of the works. All construction activities shall be restricted to the minimum area
necessary to complete the works.
This document is available on request. This document is provided for information only and any
updates required to update this plan for the planned works will be undertaken and be the sole
responsibility of the Contractor.
The existing topographic levels as shown on the survey drawings must be taken only as a guide.
The actual beach and ground level may be different from the levels indicated on the drawings.
The Contractor shall have undertaken sufficient investigations to quantify and qualify the risks
associated with undertaking the works.
133 SITE ESTABLISHMENT AND SERVICES
i) The Contractor’s site will be located as shown in the general layout drawings.
ii) The location of the Contractor's site establishment shall be approved by the Engineer. The
conditions of approval include the following requirements:
 Where required by the Engineer the Site Establishment may be fenced off.
 The site fence must be of a standard approved by the Engineer.
 The site must be kept clean and tidy at all times.
 The activities on the site must not create excessive noise or dust.
 On completion, all temporary fences and structures must be removed, the area cleaned,
tidied and left to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
Failure to comply with the above requirements will result in the Employer taking whatever
action is deemed necessary to ensure compliance and charging costs incurred to the
Contractor.
iii) The Contractor shall be responsible for all costs for provision of fresh water, sanitation,
electricity; telephone, compressed air and other services to his site establishment and shall
provide, maintain and remove on completion all pipes, cables and fittings to carry such
services to his operations.
iv) The Contractor shall arrange for the transport, if necessary, of his staff and workmen to and
from the site of the Works.
v) Sanitary conveniences for the use of persons employed on the Works shall be provided and
maintained by the Contractor to the extent and in such manner and at such places as shall be
approved by the Engineer. All persons connected with the Works shall be obliged to use
them.
The Contractor shall make temporary arrangements for the proper discharge of sewage and
drainage from or in connection with the work and shall maintain the same to the satisfaction
of the Engineer for as long as they may be required. The Contractor shall gain approval from
the relevant Local Authorities if connection and discharge to existing sewage and drainage
systems is to be made;
vi) The Contractor shall arrange for the treatment of casualties on the Site in first-aid units and
for the transfer of the injured or sick employees to hospitals or to their homes. Sufficient
numbers of staff with appropriate first aid skills shall be on site at all times.
vii) The Contractor shall provide and erect approved supports to protect structures or works
requiring support as a result of the Works and remove the same on completion.
viii) The Contractor shall make good any damage or defect caused by slips to any cuttings,
excavations or embankments and shall do all necessary work to prevent or remedy the same.
ix) The Contractor shall appoint a safety officer and shall take all reasonable precautions to
prevent accidents to the Contractor's workforce and to the public by providing, inter alia,
proper ladders for access, fencing around excavations, etc.
x) The Contractor shall protect completed work from damage during subsequent operations,
from the weather or any other cause, including the naturally aggressive nature of the
environment in which the Works are to be constructed and make good any damage so arising.
xi) The necessary facilities will be given by the Engineer for the access of the Contractor's
employees to the Works and the Contractor shall be responsible for seeing that such
employees obey all regulations made by the Engineer or Airport Authority/Operator.
134 SUBMISSIONS AS PART OF THE TENDER
The Contractor shall provide the following information as part of the Tender:
 Proposed quarry material source and haulage route to the works Site
 Methods of access and control of access to the works and the Contractors nominated
Works
 Boundary
 Proposed draft progress payment methodology
 Details of the overall construction methodology and plant to be used
 Draft copies of the following Construction Plans:
 Draft Traffic Management Plan
 Draft Contractors Quality Plan, inclusive of testing frequency and methodology for
the material quality check
135 DOCUMENTATION
This document is also to be read in conjunction with the design documentation included in
drawings “For Tender”.
Work on site must follow “Issued for Construction” documentation only.
The Contractor shall provide a construction log book to ensure easy control by all parties
involved.
“As Built” drawings shall be supplied by the Contractor/firm at the time of handing over the
completed works at their cost and those “As Built” drawings shall follow the ENGINEER
recommendations/standards.
All specified tests and measurements carried out during all stages of construction must be
recorded in specific files.
The Contractor must plan, establish, implement and adhere to a documented quality assurance
program that fulfils all the requirements described in this technical specification.
The Contractor is to provide the following information:
 Construction Environmental Management Plan
 Traffic Management Plan
 Safe Work Method Statement for each task and stage of the project
 A Construction Program
 Progress payment documentation, including of weight bridging data on all quarried
material, obtained from the quarry
 Contractors Quality Plan, inclusive of testing frequency and methodology for the material
quality check
 Any progress survey

 “As Built” documentation
136 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
The Contractor shall be responsible for implementing appropriate erosion and sediment controls
for the works in accordance with the requirements of Best Practice Erosion and Sediment
Control.
137 ALLOWABLE PERIODS OF WORK
The Contractor shall provide clear notification of the works to local stakeholders and local
residents.
This shall include mobilization activities and any change in the nature of the works during
construction likely to impact on stakeholders.
138 SITE RESTORATION AND RE-VEGETATION
Upon completion of the Works described in this Specification, the Contractor shall make good
any damage or disturbance to areas outside the Works caused by his operations, to the satisfaction
of the ENGINEER. Loose piles of soil or rock shall be run to spoil, any temporary diversion
Works shall be removed and disposed of, and scrap steel, concrete or other rubbish shall be
removed from the site.
Temporary access tracks and compounds shall be tyned, topsoiled and grassed except where
separately detailed by the revegetation plan.
In other areas, surfaces and landscaping will be completed in accordance with the site
revegetation plan.
139 APPROVALS, SEARCHES AND DEVELOPMENT APPROVAL
The Contractor shall undertake all necessary searches before the work, and other title searches as
appropriate.
The ENGINEER shall ensure the Development Approval Process is completed at Tender Award.
Likely conditions have been taken into account in this Tender. Additional conditions pertaining to
the contract may be placed onto the Contractor to meet final Approval conditions. Any new
conditions will need to be met. The ENGINEER will indicate whether any such condition does or
does not constitute a variation from the Tender Contract.
The Contractor is required to obtain all construction related approvals (e.g. traffic permits road
closures etc.).
The Contractor will need to comply with the Duty of Care requirement of the applicable
legislation and any mitigation measures as a result of such legislation. This will include

compliance with any agreements or mitigation measures agreed as a result of the applicable local
legislation.
140 SAFE DESIGN
140.1 Risk Register

An internal risk register was prepared for the design and construction phase of the project. A copy
the register may be provided to the contractor. The key extreme risks that were identified are
summarized below:
 Wave overtopping, storm surge hazard - Drowning, being swept to sea
 Wave overtopping, - Damage to buildings
140.2 Location and Protection Of Structures And Existing Underground Services
The Contractor shall protect existing infrastructure and services close to the proposed contract
works.
In the event of damage to existing Structures or services, the Contractor shall immediately advise
the ENGINEER, and shall co-operate in making safe and restoring the works or service.
It shall be the Contractor’s responsibility to accurately locate all services potentially affected
before commencement of construction. Where it is necessary to remove, divert or to cut into any
existing service or other existing work, the Contractor shall obtain the approval of the
ENGINEER and the asset Engineer and shall arrange for the removal or deviation of such
existing works.
The Contractor shall order no such work until the ENGINEER has authorized the work in writing.
141 STANDARDS
In the Specifications, Bills of Quantities, and Drawings reference has been made to relevant
British Standard Specifications and Codes of Practice – to which the materials and workmanship
should comply with. However, the materials and workmanship complying with International
Standards Organization (ISO.), for that particular material or workmanship will also be
acceptable. Equivalent standards for Tanzania will also apply.
Mixture of different Standards in one trade will not be allowed. Standard, then all the pipes for
the works are to be to ISO standard.
The Contractor may propose that the materials and workmanship be defined in accordance with
the requirements of other equivalent Standards and the Contractor may execute the works in
accordance with such other Standards as may be approved by the Engineer, A copy of the
Standard, together with its translation into the English language if the Standard is in another
language, shall be submitted to the Engineer with any request that it be adopted.
Where the dimension in one standard does not completely correspond to the dimension of the
other standard, which is being used for construction of works, ruling of the Engineer will be
sought and any decision given by the Engineer will be final and binding upon the Contractor.
142 PROGRAMME OF THE EXECUTION OF WORKS
In accordance with Sub clause 8.3 of the conditions of contract, the Contractor upon receiving
Engineer’s order to commence shall within 28 days draw up a working programme setting out
order and method in which the works are to be carried out with appropriate dates thereof, together
with delivery dates for materials. The Contractor shall together with his work programme supply
an expenditure chart showing monthly anticipated expenditure.
If at any time it should appear to the Engineer that the actual progress of then Works does not
conform to the programme referred to above, the Contractor shall produce, at the request of the
Engineer, a revised programme showing the modifications to the approved programme necessary
to ensure completion of the Works within the time for completion as defined in sub clause 8.2 of
the Conditions of Contract.
In addition the Contractor shall extract from the main program and provide a 90 days program
showing works he intends to execute within every 90 day period and submit the program within
the first week of each quarter.
The programme shall be deemed to have taken into account normal variations in climatic
conditions to provide for completion of the works in the order and within the times specified
therein.
The various operations pertaining to the Works shall be carried out in such a progressive
sequence as well as will achieve a continuous and consecutive output of fully complete pipeline
works inclusive of all appurtenances, treatment plants and all installations within the time limits
specified in the Contract. Generally the Contractor shall progress continuously without leaving
any isolated section incomplete, provided that the land upon which the works are to be
constructed has been acquired in the entirety and the encumbrances and services thereon
removed.
The Contractor shall carry out the Contract in accordance with the programme agreed with the
Engineer, but he shall in no manner be relieved by the Engineer’s approval of the programme of
his obligations to complete the Works in the prescribed order and by the prescribed completion
date and he shall from time to time review his progress and make such amendment to his rate of
executions of the works as may be necessary to fulfil these obligations.
Once the proposed programme is approved by the Engineer the Contractor shall not depart form
the programme without the written consent of the Engineer. In the event of unforeseen difficulties
or disturbances arising, which force the Contractor to depart from the approved Programme of
Works, he shall advise the Engineer in writing of such occurrences without delay and submit
proposals for any necessary remedial measures, for which he shall obtain the Engineer’s approval
before putting such measures into effect.
143 SUBSTANTIAL (PRACTICAL) COMPLETION

Substantial or Practical Completion of Works is to be understood as a state of completion, which

leaves out only minor outstanding items that can be readily completed within a period of less than
1 month without interfering with the normal operation of the Works.
The works will not be considered as substantially or practically completed without the works
being capable of being used by the Employer in accordance with the purpose of the works.
144 METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer not later than 28 days from the date of award of the
Contract a general description of his proposed arrangement and method for execution of the
works, including inter alia temporary offices, buildings, access roads, deviations, constructional
plants and its intended production output, working shift arrangements, power arrangements,
supply of materials, stone crushing, aggregates production and storage, cement handing, pipe
handling and storage, Concrete mixing and handling, method of excavation, dealing with water,
testing methods and facilities.
During execution of the works, the Contractor shall also submit to the engineer full and detailed
particulars of any proposed amendments to the arrangement and method submitted in accordance
with the foregoing.
The Engineer’s Normal working hours shall be defined as 8.00 am to 5.00 pm on weekdays with
Saturdays and Sundays set aside for rest. If the Contractor wishes to execute permanent works
outside these hours, he shall obtain a written permission of the Engineer at least one full working
day in advance to enable the engineer to make provision for supervision of such work.
145 NOTICE OF OPERATIONS
No operation shall be carried out without full and complete notice having been given to the
Engineer by the Contractor sufficiently in advance of the time of the operation to enable the
Engineer to make arrangements as he may deem necessary for its inspection and checking.
The Contractor shall give the Engineer not less than 1 full working days’ notice in writing of his
intention to set out or give levels for any part of the works in order that arrangements may be
made for checking.
146 NOMINATED SUB-CONTRACTORS AND NOMINATED SUPPLIERS
The Contractor shall be responsible for Nominated Sub-Contractors in every respect. In particular
it shall be the Contractor’s responsibility to ensure that each Sub-Contractor commences and
completes the work in a manner so as to conform to the working programme, as specified above.
Sub-Contractors and Suppliers in the project area shall be given preference in sub-contracts as far
as they meet the requirements for such sub-contracts.
It is also the responsibility of the contractor to ensure a satisfactory progress of the works and to
ensure that the works are completed to a standard satisfactory to the Engineer.

The Contractor shall accept liability for and bear the cost of General and Specified Attendance on
Nominated Sub-contractors which shall be deemed to include for:-
i. Allowing the use of standing scaffolding, providing special scaffolding, maintenance and
alteration of all scaffolding, retention of all scaffolding until such time as all relevant
Sub-Contractor’s works are complete and removal of all scaffolding on completion.
ii. Providing equipment and labour for unloading and hoisting Sub-Contractor’s materials.
iii. Providing space for office accommodation, and for storage of plant and materials:
allowing use of sanitary accommodation; the supply of all necessary water, power,
lighting and watching and clearing away all rubbish.
Before placing any orders with nominated Sub-Contractors or nominated Suppliers, the
Contractor should enter into an agreement with the nominated Sub-Contractor /nominated
Suppliers to ensure that the conditions and delivery of materials to site comply with the
Conditions of Contract and the working programme.
Particular clause should be inserted in the agreement with the nominated Suppliers ensuring the
validity of the rates for the supply of materials as per the delivery schedule.
Nominated Suppliers who are unable to meet the delivery schedule will not be given allowance
for any increases in prices incurred after the delivery time agreed in the delivery schedule.
147 ENTRY UPON LAND, WORKING SITE AND ADJOINING LANDS
The Employer shall provide land, right-of-ways and way-leaves for the Permanent Works
specified in the contract only.
The Employer shall make available free of charge to the Contractor all land on, under or through
which the permanent works are to be executed or carried out all as indicated in the book
Drawings or as detailed in the Specifications. Such land shall exclude land required by the
Contractor for his own camps, Borrow sites, offices, houses, temporary works or any other
purpose.
The Contractor shall give notice to the Engineer at least 30 days before he wishes to enter on to
the land required to carry out the permanent works under the Contract. The Contractor shall not
enter on to any land or commence any operations until such time as he receives formal
confirmation from the Engineer that all necessary compensation formalities have been completed
and that permission has been obtained from the land owner to enter the land and commence
operations. Should the Contractor enter on to any land and commence operations without first
obtaining this confirmation, he shall be liable in whole or in part, at the sole discretion of the
Engineer, for all additional costs and/or legal charges which might arise there-from.
The Contractor shall on his own accord obtain rights of admission, and rights of using all other
areas which are necessary for storing and manufacturing or for setting up site offices and
Resident Engineer’s office or whatsoever will be necessary including borrow sites .No separate
payment will be made to the Contractor on account of these items and the Contractor must make
due allowance for them in his rates.
The Contractor shall take care to prevent injury, damage and trespass on lands, fences and other
properties near and adjacent to the works and must in this connection make all necessary
arrangements with adjoining landowners, or in the case of Government Property with officers
appointed for this purpose, and ensure the workmen’s observance of all Government rules and
Ordinances regarding game protection and other matters and provide, maintain and clear away on
completion of the Works all temporary fencing which may be required for execution of the
Works.
Before completion of the Works the Contractor must make good or compensate any such injury,
damage or trespass on lands, fences and other properties which have not otherwise been provided
for in the Contract.
148 PRESERVATION OF SURVEY BEACONS
Ordinance Survey Beacons, Benchmarks, etc., on or around the site of the Works shall not be
disturbed unless permission has been obtained by the Engineer form the Survey Authority.
In the event of unauthorized disturbance of such beacons, benchmarks, etc., in the course of the
Works being carried out the Contractor shall be responsible for reporting same to the Engineer
and the Survey Authority in Tanzania and for payment of any fees due to said Survey Authority
in Tanzania for replacement of such disturbed beacons, bench marks, etc. The Contractor shall
not replace such disturbed beacons benchmarks, etc. on his own accord.
149 RELOCATION OF EXISTING SERVICES
Drains, pipes, cables and similar services encountered in the course of the Works shall be guarded
from damage by the Contractor at his own costs to safe guard a continued uninterrupted use to the
satisfaction of the owners thereof, and the Contractor shall not store materials or otherwise
occupy any part of the site in a manner likely to hinder the operation of such services.
If the interests of the Works shall, in the opinion of the Engineer, so require, the Contractor shall
on the Engineer’s direction arrange for the construction of permanent or temporary diversions of
the said drains etc., together with reinstatement, if temporary, by the respective Department,
Bodies, Corporations or Authorities and, the cost of such works or diversions including
reinstatement shall be charged against the appropriate Provisional Sum provided in the Bills of
Quantities.
It is the responsibility of the Contractor to inform the Engineer immediately any existing service
is exposed.
150 DAMAGE TO EXISTING SERVICES
The Contractor shall be held liable for all damage and interference to mains and pipes, to electric
cables or lines of any kind either above or below ground caused by him or his Sub-contractors in
execution of the Works, whether such services are located on the Contract Drawings or not. The

Contractor must make good or report to the appropriate authorities the same without delay and do
any further work considered by the Engineer or owner.
If the Contractor fails to reinstate the damaged services within the time considered as reasonable
by the Engineer’s Representative, then the Engineer’s Representative shall be empowered to get
the damaged services reinstated by any other contractor and charges thereof shall be deducted
from any money due to the Contractor.
151 TEMPORARY ROADS AND TRAFFIC CONTROL
The Contractor shall provide and maintain all temporary roads, bridges and other works to
maintain free and efficient access to services affected by Construction of permanent works. Items
shall be provided in the Bills of quantities and the rate shall include the cost of necessary
temporary traffic control signs, barricades, beacons, flagmen, lighting and watching required for
the normal control of traffic.
152 USE OF PUBLIC ROADS
The Contractor shall keep all roads used by his equipment and project vehicles in well maintained
condition including watering and periodic grading/ gravelling as may be instructed by the
Engineer from time to time, at his own cost.
153 ROAD AND RAILWAY CROSSING AND TRAFFIC CONTROL
Wherever the water pipeline is crossing the classified roads and railway line the Contractor will
contact the relevant authorities well in advance and obtain necessary permission to dig across the
road and railway line in accordance with requirement of the authorities concerned and shall pay
any royalties connected with this work, and the Contractor will provide temporary detour road
together with any warning signs necessary. There will be no separate payment for this and cost of
all expenses connected with road and railway crossing for which no separate items have been
included in Bills of Quantities is deemed to have been covered by the unit rates included in the
Bills of Quantities.
154 PROTECTION FROM WATER
Unless otherwise mentioned the Contractor shall keep the whole of the Works free from water
and allow in his rates for all dams, coffer dams, pumping, piling, shoring, temporary drains,
sumps, etc. necessary for this purpose and shall make good at his own costs all damage caused
thereby.

155 WEATHER CONDITIONS
The Contractor shall be deemed to take into account all normal weather conditions when
preparing his tender and he shall not be entitled for extra payment by the reason of the occurrence
or effect of high winds, excessive rainfall, temperature or any other meteorological phenomena
occurring during normal seasons in Tanzania.
156 PROTECTION FROM WEATHER
All materials shall be stored on site in a manner approved by the Engineer’s Representative and
the Contractor shall carefully protect from the weather all works and materials which may be
affected thereby.
No separate payment will be made for this and the Contractor will allow in his rates for this.
157 LIAISON WITH POLICE AND LABOUR OFFICE
The Contractor shall keep himself in close contact with the Police, Labour Officers and other
officials of the areas concerned regarding their requirements in the control of workmen, passage
through townships, or other matters and shall provide all assistance and/or facilities which may be
required by such officials in execution of their duties in connection with the Works.
Any instruction given by the Traffic Police concerning fencing off of open trenches or other
excavations must be followed explicitly.
158 PROVISION OF WATER
The Contractor shall provide water for use in the Works. He shall supply all hydrants, hose,
cocks, vessels and appliances necessary for the distribution thereof and shall provide pumps,
tanks, carts, vessels and appliances, transport and labour when and wherever it is necessary for
water to be carted for use at the Works. All water used in connection with the Works shall if
possible be obtained from a public water supply and the Contractor shall make all necessary
arrangements and pay all the charges for connections to main and for water used. No separate
payment will be made for this and the Contractor will allow in his rates for this.
159 TEMPORARY LIGHTING AND POWER
The Contractor shall provide all artificial lighting and power for use on the Works, including all
Sub-Contractors’ and Specialists’ requirements and including all temporary connections, wiring,
fittings, etc., and clear away on completion. The Contractor shall pay all fees and charges and
obtain all permits in connection therewith. No separate payment will be made for this and the
Contractor will allow in his rates for this.
160 SANITATION
The Medical Officer of Health or other Sanitary Authority shall be informed when Works are
about to commence. The instructions of the Medical Officer or other Sanitary Authority shall be
complied with by the Contractor at his own expense.
The site shall be kept in a clean and proper sanitary condition. No nuisance shall be committed on
or around the work, and latrines for the workmen and staff shall be provided in accordance with
the requirements of the Medical Officer or Sanitary Authorities. The Contractor shall be
responsible for the sanitary discipline of his labour.
The Engineer’s Representative has the right to order any labourer, who in the opinion of the
Engineer’s Representative does not have a satisfactory sanitary discipline, off the site with
immediate effect.
The Contractor shall follow the safety rules set down by the Factories Inspectorate, Ministry of
Labour. No separate payment will be made for this and the Contractor will allow in his rates for
this.
161 SAFETY OFFICER
A safety supervisor advises the management on all matters regarding safety, hygiene and welfare
of the people affected by the Contractor’s undertaking on the site. The safety officer may in
addition carry out other duties.
The contractor shall provide adequate first-aid equipment on the site, and ensure that at least four
of his site staffs are competently trained in first-aid. No separate payment will be made for this
and the Contractor will allow in his rates for this.
162 SIGNBOARDS
The Contractor shall provide, erect and maintain signboards to the layout, colours material and
dimensions shown on the drawings.
The Contractor shall erect 4No.Signboards as shown on the drawings in prominent positions
adjacent to the Works to the satisfaction of the Engineer. These signboards shall be erected at
sites to be selected by the engineer.
The signboards are to be erected within one month of the date of commencement of the contract.
The Contactor shall remove the signboard at the end of the period of the maintenance
Two addition special Permanent signboards shall be erected at the end of the Contract clearly
showing the project name and the Employer’s name to the satisfaction of the engineer.
163 SETTING OUT

The Contractor must before commencing any construction work, make sure that levels shown in
the drawings correspond with levels found on the site.
Should any discrepancy be discovered between the levels shown on the drawings and those found
on the site, which may affect the levels and dimensions of any part of the Works, the Contractor
shall notify the Engineer, who, if necessary, will issue drawings showing the amended levels and
dimensions.
The Contractor shall clear the site and set out the Works well in advance to enable the Engineer to
inspect and approve the setting out prior to commencement of the Works. The Contractor shall
amend at his own cost any error due to inaccurate setting out.
Any checking or approval by the Engineer of the setting out, benchmarks, plans or schedules will
not relieve the Contractor of his responsibilities under the Contract.
The Contractor shall provide a site plan showing the position of his site offices, storage sheds,
accommodation, Engineer’s Representative’s office etc., in relation to the permanent works for
the approval of the Engineer before commencing erection of his camp.
164 BACKFILLING OF HOLES AND TRENCHING FOR TEMPORARY WORKS
The Contractor shall immediately upon approval of any work at his own expense and to the
satisfaction of the Engineer backfill all holes, trenches and temporary quarries which have been
made , level all mounds or heaps of earth that may have been raised or made and clear away all
rubbish caused by the execution of the work. The Contractor shall bear and pay all costs, charges,
damages, and expenses if any kind whatsoever which may occur by reason of holes and trenches
connected with the Works or materials or tools or plant being left or placed in improper situation.
165 INSPECTION OF WORKS
No part of the Works shall be built in or covered over until it has been inspected and approved by
the Engineer and the Contractor must give due notice in writing to the Engineer’s Representative
when any part of the Works are ready for inspection.
166 JOINT MEASUREMENTS
All measurements shall be taken jointly by the Contractor and the Engineer as and when the latter
so directs and shall be made in accordance with the Specification and Preamble to Bills of
Quantities notwithstanding local or other customs.
167 CLEANING UP OF SITE
The Contractor shall keep the site clean during the entire contract performance period. And
before final acceptance upon the completion of the Works the Contractor shall, at his own
expense, remove and dispose of all rubbish and remove all equipment, surplus materials, camps
and buildings, which the Contractor has provided, and temporary works ordered by the Engineer
and shall leave the Site absolutely clear thereof and in good order and condition to the entire
168 CONTRACTOR’S SUPERINTENDENCE
The Contractor shall give or provide all necessary superintendence during the execution of the
Works and as long thereafter as the Engineer may consider necessary for the proper fulfilling of
the Contractor’s obligations under the Contract. The Contractor or his competent and authorized
Agent or Representative approved in writing by the Engineer (which approval may at any time be
withdrawn) is to be constantly on the Works and shall give his whole time to the superintendence
of the same. If such approval shall be withdrawn by the Engineer, the Contractor shall after
receiving written notice or such withdrawal; remove the Agent from the Site within the time
stated in the notice and shall replace him by another Agent approved by the Engineer.
169 TRANSPORT OF WORKMEN
The Contractor shall include in his rates for all transport of staff and workmen to and from and in
connection with the various parts of the Works, and all costs incurred in recruiting and
transporting labour to the site, where such labour is from outlying areas and costs of returning
labour on termination of the Contract.
170 NORMAL WORKING HOURS
These shall be taken as Monday to Friday 8.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. and Saturday 8am to 1pm. with
all Public Holidays set aside as required. The Contractor shall allow for observance of Sabbath or
any other religious days to his staff.
Where the Contractor wishes to work outside these hours he shall request the Engineer in writing
at least 24 hours in advance for consideration. The Contractor shall bear the cost of overtime for
all Engineer’s support staff associated with such works.
171 ACCOMMODATION FOR CONTRACTOR’S WORKMEN
The Contractor shall provide and maintain suitable shelters and mess facilities for his workmen
and supervisory staff. The facilities shall be of sufficient size and to a standard considered
satisfactory by the Engineer.

The Contractor shall throughout the contract provide an adequate supply of potable water for the
Workmen.
172 STORAGE SPACE: SHEDS
Suitable temporary stores and workshops shall be erected and later removed on completion of the
works. All buildings shall be adequate for protection of the equipment of materials to be kept
therein and shall be constructed and located to the satisfaction of the engineer.
173 OFFICE FOR THE CONTRACTOR
The Contractor shall erect an office near the Works on a site to be approved by the Engineer. This
office shall be kept open at all hours during which the work is in progress.
Any notice to be given to or served upon the Contractor shall be deemed and taken to be
effectively given or served upon by the delivery thereof at such office on the Site.
174 COMMUNICATION
The Contractor shall, if so instructed by the Engineer, provide mobiles phones and airtime as
necessary for the duration of the contract and, VSAT internet connection, post office, courier,
radio communication for the exclusive use of the Engineer. The model and make of the mobiles
phones shall be approved by the Engineer.
Failure by the Contractor to provide or maintain the same shall make him responsible for all costs
that may be incurred as a result of the Engineer’s staff using alternative means of communication,
including delays in supervision and approval of the works.
Payment for complying with this requirement is included in the bill of quantities.
175 REMOVAL OF CAMPS
On the completion of the Contract, the Contractor shall if so requested take down and remove all
structures connected with his camp, and shall take up all pipes, drains and culverts, backfill
trenches, fill up all latrine pits, soak ways and other sewage disposal excavations, and shall
restore the site as far as practicable to its origin condition and leave it neat and tidy to the
176 SITE MEETINGS

Site meetings will be held monthly, but will be called for whenever the progress of the works so
require or when demanded by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall at all meetings be represented by a responsible representative other than the
Site Agent, who has the powers to commit the Contractor in all matters concerning the contract.
In the event no responsible representative of the Contractor is present at the meetings, any
decision take by the Engineer at the meeting will be binding upon the Contractor.
177 MISCELLANEOUS ACCOUNTS
The Contractor may be instructed by the Engineer to make payments of general receipted
accounts for such items as stationery, stores, furniture and equipment, claims and allowances for
supervision personnel and any miscellaneous claims or the Engineer may direct the Contractor to
purchase or pay for the above. The Contractor will, on provision of receipts, be paid under
appropriate items in the Bill of Quantities

PART 200: SITE CLEARANCE
201 GENERAL SITE CLEARANCE
General site clearance will be carried out only as directed by the Engineer.

PART 300: FENCING
303 TEMPORARY FENCING
When directed by the Engineer, The Contractor shall erect temporary fencing to form a physical
barrier to movement onto the work areas by non project staff.
The fence will consist of wooden posts and iron sheets or any other material as may be approved
by the Engineer.
305 FITTINGS
Fittings shall be manufactured from plastic, aluminum, pressed or malleable steel, having
sufficient strength to perform the necessary function.
306 PERMANENT FENCING
Where applicable, chain link fencing shall be used for security fencing and shall be installed
according to the following specifications and methods of measurement
a) Chain link fence fabric of steel galvanized wire with PVC coating 50 mm mesh with top and
bottom salvages knuckled. The thickness of materials, the mesh spacing and the number of
wires shall be as shown on the drawing.
b) Line posts: Precast concrete posts which shall be reinforced units set in moulds, cured and
fixed in position as detailed on the Drawing No. PIU019/ITA13/BAP/12. Before fabrication
in bulk, specimen samples of the precast units shall be submitted for approval with which
further deliveries or castings shall be compared for uniformities of colour and finish.
c) Turnbuckles: drop forged
d) Tension wire: 3.55 mm core dia galvanized iron wire affixed to chain link fabric by hog
rings. Wire to be stretched taut along the top and bottom of the fabric as per drawing and
attached to all terminal and line posts and to the bottom of the fabric. In addition to top and
bottom, G.I. wires shall also be provided at the locations shown in the drawing.
e) Tie wire: 2.55 mm core dia G.I. wire stirrups
f) Horizontal line wires 3.55mm core dia
g) Mesh size of chain link fabric 50mm x 50mm

h) Tension bands: as required, spaced not more than 300mm apart on terminal posts
i) Primer: zinc pigmented paint to BS 4652
j) Concrete: concrete quality C-25, as per the Governing Standard ASTM Code with properly
graded coarse aggregate with top size not exceeding 25 mm and minimum compressive
strength of 25 MPa at 28 days
308 GATES AND STILES
Gates shall conform to ASTM A 120. Frames of M.S angles, welded at all joints (welds zinc
painted after welding) complete with M. S. sheet malleable iron hinges, latch suitable for
padlock which can be attached and operated from either side of gate, hinges to permit gates to
swing back against fence 180 degrees if required. Double gates shall have bolts on each leaf.
Gate braces where required, shall be by M.S. angles and flats and turnbuckle assembly.
Gate posts shall be R.C.C. pillars of sufficient strength to support gate and fabric tensioning
PART 500: DRAINAGE
501 GENERAL

i) Open-drain excavation shall involve the excavating of open drains and channels, including
channels to direct the course of streams, all as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the
Engineer.
ii) Care shall be taken to avoid excavation below the required grades for the open drains and
any excavation carried beyond the required grade shall be backfilled with suitable, approved,
material and compacted to at least 95% of BS-Heavy density by the Contractor at his own
expense.
iii) Material resulting from the excavations for open drains shall be used in the construction of
fills, banks and dykes, or for other purposes, or shall be disposed of to spoil, all as directed
by the Engineer.
iv) If ordered by the Engineer all existing open drains, but excluding open drains constructed by
the Contractor himself, shall be cleared and where necessary, shaped by removing the
sediment and trimming the floors and sides.
v) Drain levels must be read after excavation and subsequent operations to ensure the specified
slope and depths have been provided.
502 CONCRETE LINED DRAIN
i) The excavations shall then be neatly trimmed to the lines and levels specified so as to permit
the accurate construction of the concrete linings. All loose material shall be compacted to a
density of not less than 95% of BS-Heavy density.
ii) Where the in situ material is unsuitable, the Engineer may order that it be removed to the
required depth and replaced with selected material compacted to a density of 95% of BS-
Heavy density.
iii) Where excavations for open drains are in rock, over break shall be backfilled as ordered,
either with mass concrete or with selected natural gravel or soil compacted to a BS-Heavy
density of at least 95%.
iv) Concrete for minor drainage structures shall be class 20/20 in accordance with Section 1700
of this Specification, the surface finish shall be in accordance with Clause 1710. The
concrete shall be reinforced using fabric A142 mesh placed at the centre of the slab
502.1 Placing
i) The forms for and the mixing, placing, finishing, and curing of concrete shall conform to the
requirements of Item Section 1700 and shall be in accordance with the following
requirements.

ii) The concrete shall be tamped and spaded until it is consolidated and mortar entirely covers
and forms the top surface. The surface of the concrete shall be floated smooth and the edges
chamfered at 10mmx10mm or as shown in the drawing. Before the concrete is given the
final finishing, the surface shall be tested with a 3m straightedge, and any irregularities of
more than 6mm 3m shall be eliminated.
iii) Expansion joints shall be placed at intervals not exceeding 6m, except where shorter lengths
are necessary for closures, but no section shall be less than 120 cm long.
iv) Forms shall not be removed within 24 hours after the concrete has been placed. Minor
defects shall be repaired with mortar containing 1 part cement and 2 parts fine aggregate.
v) The operations of depositing, compacting, and finishing the item shall be conducted so as to
build a satisfactory structure. If any section of concrete is found to be porous, other than
minor defects that may be plastered, or is otherwise defective, it shall be removed and
replaced by the Contractor without additional compensation.
503 STONE PITCHING
503.1 Stone Pitching Slope Treatment
This work shall consist of the placement of stone pitching on mortar bedding on slopes at the
locations shown on the plans, or as ordered by the Engineer, in accordance with these
Specifications and in conformity with the lines, grades, thickness and typical cross-section shown
on the plans or established by the Engineer
503.2 Materials for Stone Pitching
i) Stone for pitching shall be sound, tough and durable; “stones” shall be gravel or cobble size
material.
ii) The size and shape of the stones shall be such to allow for proper placement. The widths of
the stone shall not be less than one and one-half (1-1/2) times their respective thickness and
lengths of not less than two (2) times their respective widths. The minimum width shall be
100mm,
iii) Rounded boulders or cobbles shall not be used on slopes steeper than 2:1 unless grouted.
iv) All material intended for use on a particular pitching job shall be subjected to the prior
approval of the Engineer.

503.3 Construction Requirements for Stone Pitching
i) The bed upon which the stones are to be placed shall be excavated to the required grades and
lines as shown on the plans or as directed and approved by the Engineer. A footing trench
shall be excavated along the toe of the as directed by the Engineer. All footings trenches and
excavations shall be approved by the Engineer prior to placement of stones or concrete.
ii) Commencing at the bottom of the trench the “stones” shall be laid and firmly bedded into
the slope and against adjoining pitching and laid with their longitudinal axes at right angles
to the slope and with staggered joints. All pitching material shall be well rammed into the
bank or surface to be protected and the spaces between the cobbles shall be filled with gravel
or spalls of approved material securely rammed into place.
iii) Placing of material by dumping shall not be allowed.
iv) No small cobbles, gravel or spalls shall be used to fill in spaces between larger materials.
The space between stones of stone pitching shall be filled with fresh cement mortar
composed of one part of cement to six parts of sand. Immediately alter pouring, the grout
shall be spaded and rodded into place with suitable spades, trowels or other approved
method, and broomed into the spaces until the voids are completely filled. The exposed
surface of the rocks shall project not less than 40mm and not more than 80 mm above the
grout surface. The grouted stone pitching shall be cured by an approved method for a
minimum period of four (4) days, immediately after the expiration of the curing period, the
exposed surfaces shall be cleared of all curing mediums.
v) Joints shall be provided at maximum 12 metre intervals.
503.4 Weep Holes
Weep holes shall be formed in the pitching and 2.5m c/c maximum or as directed by the
Engineer.
503.5 Time of Placing
Mortar not used within 30 minutes after mixing shall be discarded.
503.6 Curing
The grouted pitching shall be cured with wet sacking or other approved wet cover for a period of
not less than four days after grouting, and shall not be subjected to loading until adequate strength
has been developed.

PART 600: EARTHWORKS
601 CLASSIFICATION, DEFINITIONS AND USES OF EARTHWORKS MATERIALS
The following definitions of earthworks materials shall apply to all clauses of the Specification in
which reference is made to the defined materials:
(i) "Top soil" shall mean the top layer of soil that can support vegetation.
(ii) "Rock" shall comprise natural or artificial material requiring the use of wedges or approved
pneumatic tools for its removal but excluding individual masses less than 0.20m3.

(iii) "Suitable material" shall comprise all that which is acceptable for use in the Works and
which is capable of being compacted in the manner specified elsewhere to form a stable fill
having side slopes as indicated. This may include on-site excavated material.
(iv) "Unsuitable material" shall mean other than suitable material and shall include:
a) material from swamps, marshes or bogs;

b) peat, logs, stumps, vegetable matter, perishable material and rubbish;
c) material susceptible to spontaneous combustion;
d) clay of liquid limit exceeding 90 and/or plasticity index exceeding 65;
e) clay derived from excavations on site having a moisture content greater than 20%, unless
it can be demonstrated that this material is suitable for incorporation in the Works;
f) materials having a moisture content greater than the maximum permitted for such
materials, unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer. Materials of class (d) if
otherwise suitable shall be classified as suitable when unfrozen;
g) rock.
h) material having hazardous chemicals or physical properties requiring special measures
for its excavation, handling, storing, transportation, deposition and disposal.
(v) "Soft material" shall mean suitable material with exception of rock.
(vi) "Cohesive soil" includes clays and marls with up to 20% of gravel and having a moisture
content not less than the value of the plastic limit (determined in accordance with BS1377:
Part 2) minus 4; also chalk having a saturation moisture content of 20% or greater.
(vii) "Well-graded granular and dry cohesive soils" include clays and marls containing more
than 20% of gravel and/or having a moisture content less than the value of the plastic limit
(determined in accordance with BS1377: Part 2) minus 4, well-graded sands and gravels
with a uniformity co-efficient exceeding 10, chalk having a saturation moisture content
within the range 15 - 20% and all shales, clinker-ash and spent domestic refuse.
"Uniformly-graded materials" includes sands and gravels with a uniformity coefficient of 10 or

less, and all silts and pulverised fuel ashes. Any soil containing 30% or more of materials in the
particle size range 0.06 - 0.02mm will be regarded as silt for this purpose.
602 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
602.1 Suitable Excavated Material
a) General
Where the required formation or sub-formation levels lie above the natural foundation level after
stripping of topsoil, the difference shall be made up with an acceptable fill complying with Table
601.1.1. Where acceptable fill is available from areas of cut it shall be used in accordance with

the method stipulated below. All additional fill shall be an approved imported material supplied
by the Contractor. The Contractor is to state the type and source of the fill he proposes to use
when submitting his tender.
The Contractor shall determine the particle size distribution of a representative sample of the fill
whenever requested by the Engineer. The testing shall be in accordance with BS 1377 Test 7. If
any of the test gradings so determined fall outside the relevant limits shown in Table 602.1.1 then
two further tests shall be carried out. If either of these also fails to satisfy the requirements, laying
shall cease immediately and the Contractor shall remove all non-complying fill and replace with
material to specification.
Table 602.1.1 Grading of Fill Material
Purpose Fill
General Description Course Granular Granular Cohesive Stony Cohesive
CONSTITUENTS Any material or combination of materials Any material or
(All subject to requirements of combination of
materials except
Section 1.3)
chalk
GRADING % passing
(Does not BS Sieve
Apply to chalk) 500
125mm 100 100 100 100
2.36 100-95 80-100 15-80
600 micron 0-25
63 micron 0-15 0-15 15-100 15-80
SATURATION MOISTURE 20% 26% -
CONTENT Maximum
b) Use Of Fill Materials

(i) In addition to any particle size distribution requirements the maximum particle size of
any fill material shall be no more than one-thirds of the compacted layer thickness.
(ii) Course Granular Fill shall not be placed within 500mm of the formation.
(iii) Materials with a soluble sulphate content exceeding 1.9 grammes of sulphate (expressed
as SO3) per litre when tested in accordance with BS 1377 Test 10, but using a 2:1 water:
soil ratio, shall not be deposited within 500mm of concrete, cement-bound materials or
other cementitious materials forming part of the pavement works.

(iv) Material with a total sulphate content (expressed as SO3) exceeding 0.5% by mass, when
tested in accordance with BS 1377 Test 9, shall not be deposited within 500 mm of
metallic items forming part of the Permanent Works.
c) Fill Outside Structure Construction Areas

If levels are to be made up outside the structure construction areas (which include stopways
and shoulders) any material not described as unsuitable at Clause 601(iv) may be used.
602.2 Imported Filling Material
Fill shall comprise imported material from local borrow pits.
The contractor shall carry out the following initial tests on material proposed for use as fill.
i) Particle size distribution;
ii) Dry density/moisture content relationship;
iii) Liquid Limit and Plasticity Index;
iv) Shear tests {Friction Angle and Cohesion Intercept);
v) Tests for chloride and sulphate contents; and
vi) CBR tests at optimum moisture content and after 96 hours soaking, at 95% and 100% of
laboratory maximum dry density.
Thereafter, one set of tests shall be carried out for each 60m3 of fill delivered to site, or daily,
whichever is the less frequent.
Table 602.2.1: Fill Suitability Limits
Parameter Value
Particle size 100mm maximum (Table 602.1.1)
Percentage retained on 75mm sieve 10% maximum
Percentage passing 75 microns sieve 20% maximum
Liquid Limit 35% maximum
Plasticity Index 6% maximum
CBR values after 96 hours soaking:
a) at 95% of laboratory MDD a) 30% minimum
b) at 100% of laboratory MDD b) 40% minimum
Chloride Content (BS 1377, Part 3, Test 7) 3.3% maximum
Sulphate Content (BS 1377, Part 3, Test 5) 2.0% maximum
603 FORMING OF CUTTINGS AND CUTTING SLOPES
The slopes of cuttings shall be trimmed to neat lines and to a standard that is generally attainable
with proper care and workmanship in the type of material concerned. All loose rocks, stones and
nests of loose material shall be removed, especially in solid-rock cuts, which must be completely
free from such material. The final surface of batters must be absolutely smooth to prevent
initiation of slope erosion unless alternative methods for grassing or the establishment of natural
vegetation is instructed by the Engineer
604 EXCAVATION FOR FOUNDATIONS
No excavation shall be started until the work has been staked out by the Contractor and the
Engineer has obtained elevations and measurements of the ground surface. All suitable excavated
material shall be used in the formation of embankment, subgrade, or for other purposes as
required by the Engineer.
When the volume of excavation is not sufficient for constructing the fill to the grades indicated,
the deficiency shall be obtained from borrow areas, as approved by the Engineer.
The grade shall be maintained so that the surface is well drained at all times.
All turf and topsoil under new pavements and fill areas shall be removed for its full depth as
directed by the Engineer. In all other areas turf and topsoil shall be stripped if and where directed
or indicated.
Where exposure, proving or testing, as described in Clauses 608.1, 608.2 and 616.1 of the
indicated natural foundation or formation under structures reveals unsuitable material, the
Contractor shall remove the unsuitable material and replace it with suitable filling material(s)
which may include granular sub-base (Type 1) as described Part 900 of this Specification as
permitted by the Engineer. After replacement, filling and compaction, Sand Replacement, (Large
Pouring Cylinder Method) of BS1377 shall be used to measure compaction. Unsuitable material
shall be disposed of off the site (refer Clause 605.2).
604.1 Rock Excavation
Rock excavation will only be undertaken with the approval of the Engineer. If rock is
encountered in excavation, the Engineer shall be notified and he shall decide whether excavation
shall continue or whether to modify the designed level.

605.2 Disposal of Excavated Material
Material to be disposed of, by removal from the construction area, shall be removed from the area
prior to the completion of the work under this Specification. All materials removed shall become
the property of the Contractor.
Materials to be disposed of by dumping shall be hauled to an approved dump. It shall be the

responsibility of the Contractor to make any necessary arrangements with private parties and with
local officials pertinent to locations and regulations of such dumping. Any fees for charges
required to be paid for dumping of materials shall be paid by the Contractor and shall be included
in the prices inserted in the Bill of Quantities for other items of work.
607 EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING FOR EXCAVATION
i) No explosives of any kind shall be used without the prior written consent of the Engineer.
Once this consent is granted, the Contractor shall be solely responsible for obtaining,
handling, transporting, storing, accounting for using and disposal of surplus detonators, fuses,
bulk explosives and any other thing associated with blasting, and for complying in all
respects with the safety and any other regulations of the Government Authorities for blasting
and shall indemnify the Employer and the Engineer against all consequences whatsoever
arising out of the consent so given by the Engineer
ii) The Contractor shall be solely responsible for the provision, supply, handling, storage and
transportation of all explosive ancillary materials and stores and all other things of every kind
whatsoever required for blasting operations and shall not delegate or sub-contract these
activities without the approval of the Engineer.
iii) Before the beginning of the Defects Notification Period the Contractor shall remove all
unused explosives from the site on completion of the works or which are ordered by the
Engineer, and shall submit to the Engineer written confirmation of compliance with this
instruction.
iv) The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer monthly returns detailing the quantity of
explosive brought to site together with quantities used during the month and the location and
quantity of rock blasted.
608 CONSTRUCTION OF FILLS
The Contractor shall at least 7 working days before commencement of compaction submit the
following to the Engineer for approval:
(i) the values of maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content obtained in
accordance with BS1377: Part 4 using the 4.5kg rammer method or vibrating hammer
method as appropriate for each of the fills he intends to use (where the fill contains material
having different maximum dry densities and optimum moisture contents each shall be
identified in order to monitor the compacted density);
(ii) a graph of density plotted against moisture content from which each of the values in (i)
above the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content were determined and, for
cohesive material, a plot of the 5% air voids curve for each material.
Before filling commences the Contractor shall carry out compaction trials with the plant he
intends to use on an area of not less than 200m2 and provide not less than two insitu density tests
per 150mm layer.
The Engineer may require plate bearing tests to be carried out on the foundation.
If the modulus of subgrade reaction of the above plate bearing tests indicates a K30 value of less
than 65 MN/m2/m measured in accordance with Appendix 1000A [and/or CBR of 12%] the
Contractor shall be directed either to remove additional material at foundation level and increase
the depth of filling material at a thickness to be determined immediately below the base layer.
608.1 Exposure of the Natural Foundation
The natural foundation which is to be rolled/compacted shall be exposed in accordance with the
Contractor's selected and approved procedure, but he will be responsible for ensuring that the
natural foundation does not deteriorate before completion of subsequent operations.
Excavation shall be carried out so as to avoid, as far as possible, disturbing the existing subsoil at
and below natural foundation level. Surface irregularities at natural foundation level shall be
made good and the natural foundation levelled prior to compaction.
Excavation, including stripping of turf and topsoil when required, shall be carried out in lanes not
exceeding 10m wide.
The final 150mm of excavation shall proceed along the lanes at a rate which allows the proving
or compaction as described in Clauses 608.2 and 608.3 and the laying of the granular sub-base (or
first layer of filling material) the same day.
Any ramps constructed to give access to the foundation which, for the time being, leave less than
the natural overburden and turf over the unprepared foundation, shall be prepared and protected
in such a manner that, on subsequent excavation, the natural foundation will not be disturbed by
traffic, plant movement etc, or rendered unsuitable by inclement weather. Where a semi
permanent ramp is constructed, i.e. a ramp which is not moved as the work progresses, the
Contractor shall provide temporary surfacing in impermeable material sufficiently durable to
carry all forms of traffic used and shall subsequently remove the surfacing when the underlying
formation is prepared.

608.2 Proving of Natural Foundation
a) In Fill Areas
Following excavation the natural foundation level shall be rolled as described below.
Rolling shall consist of at least 4 passes of a smooth wheeled roller with a minimum load of
1.35kN (approximately 135kg) per 25mm of roll width.
b) In Cut Areas
Following excavation the foundation (i.e. formation) shall be compacted in accordance with
Clause 2.10 prior to testing in accordance with Clause 2.14.
608.3 Compaction of the Natural Foundation In Cut Areas
a) Gravel Soils
Compaction of the natural foundation within the pavement area and areas adjacent thereto as
indicated shall be carried out until at least 8 out of 10 consecutive samples have a density not less
than 95% maximum dry density. The maximum dry density shall be that measured by the
Granular Soil, Vibrating Hammer Method of BS1377: Part 4 appropriate to the moisture content
at the time of compaction. The Engineer may direct that an area of gravel, which, in his opinion,
is too wet for satisfactory compaction, shall be left exposed before compaction or may order that
a dry area shall be watered before compaction. The field dry density shall be measured by the
Sand Replacement, (Large Pouring Cylinder Method) of BS1377: Part 9.
b) Other Soils
Compaction by rolling as described in Clause 608.3(a) shall be carried out unless the Engineer
directs otherwise.
Where as a result of excavation and compaction, tearing cracks are formed in the surface of the
natural foundation, compaction shall be finished with a light roller to close the cracks as a
preliminary to subsequent operations.
610 FILL TO STRUCTURES
The Contractor shall not backfill around structures until the structural elements have attained
adequate strength and the approval of the Engineer to proceed has been obtained. Unless
otherwise directed, the backfill material shall be approved selected excavated material,
thoroughly compacted in layers not exceeding 150mm thick to achieve a density of at least 100%
of the laboratory maximum dry density.

The Contractor shall restrict compaction plant used on fill to structures, within 1m of a structure,
to the following items:-
(i) Vibratory roller having a mass per metre width of roll, not exceeding 1,300kg with a total
mass not exceeding 1,000kg.
(ii) Vibrating plate compactor having a mass not exceeding 1,000kg.
(iii) Vibro-tamper having a mass not exceeding 75kg.
The masses of plant listed above shall be determined in accordance with Series 600 of the UK
department of Transport Specification for Highway Works.
612 COMPACTION OF FILLS
a) Cohesive Material
The Contractor shall carry out compaction to achieve 100% maximum dry density of BS1377:
Part 4 (4.5kg rammer method).
b) Granular Material
The Contractor shall carry out compaction to achieve 100% maximum dry density of BS1377:
Part 4 (vibrating hammer method).
c) Laying And Compaction

Filling shall be carried out in layers giving a compacted thickness of not more than 150mm. If it
is necessary to add water it shall be added with sprinklers and the surface shall be lightly
scarified, bladed or otherwise agitated to ensure adequate mixing of the water to the full depth of
the layer. Compaction shall follow immediately after the controlled moistening of the material. If
there is excess moisture in the material preventing satisfactory compaction, the compaction shall
be suspended and the layer scarified to allow it to dry or if, in the opinion of the Engineer,
conditions are such that drying out will not take place, the material shall be run to spoil in
accordance to Clause 605.2 of this Specification.
d) Stone Picking
All stones of 50mm gauge and over and all other extraneous debris shall be picked up, removed
from the area and deposited as directed by the Engineer.
Other extraneous debris shall be deemed to mean anything lying on the surface which might
subsequently damage vehicle tyres or which might be a hazard to ferries or become foreign object
debris (FOD) hazard.

e) Water For Compaction

The sulphate (SO3) content of water used for compaction shall not exceed 2500mg/l, and the
chloride ion content shall not exceed 2500mg/l.
f) Level Tolerances
The average difference in level in areas not greater than 100m2 measured on a 5m grid between
the actual formation level and the specified level shall be less than zero, with no individual point
being greater than +10mm or -40mm.
The surface finish shall be smooth such that it is free draining.
g) Control Testing Filling

Insitu density tests shall be measured by the Sand Replacement (Large Pouring Cylinder) Method
of BS1377: Part 9 in groups of five for every 2000m2 of compacted layer or every day on which
filling takes place whichever is more frequent. The results of in-situ tests shall be reported to the
Engineer in writing within 8 hours of compaction.
Work shall be continued until a state of compaction is reached such that not more than two results
in ten consecutive tests (2 groups of five tests) or in 2 consecutive groups of such greater numbers
as may be made to fail to meet the specified compaction
613 CAPPING
613.1 Capping Material
The material in capping layers shall be natural sands, gravels, crushed rock, crushed slag, crushed
concrete, well burnt non-plastic shale or other materials approved by the Engineer subject to the
following requirements:
(i) The grading limits shall be as specified in the Table 613.1.1.
(ii) The particle size distribution shall be determined by BS1377: Part 2.
(iii) With the exception of well burnt non-plastic shale the 10% fines value shall be no less than
30kN when tested in accordance with BS812: Part 111 except that samples shall be soaked
in water at room temperature for 24 hours before testing without having been oven dried.
(iv) The material passing the 425 microns BS sieve when tested in accordance with BS1377:
Part 2, Clause 5.4 shall have a plasticity index of 6 or less.

(v) Crushed concrete shall be hard durable, unstratified, non-porous material, free from
rubbish, steel reinforcement and organic material.
The material shall be laid and compacted to the requirements of Clause 7.5 and 7.6 (BS1377: Part
4) at moisture content for the material passing the 37.5mm BS sieve within the range 0 per cent
above to a 2 per cent below the optimum percentage determined in accordance with BS 5835 and
without drying out or segregation. After compaction, the material shall have an insitu CBR value
of not less than 30% when tested in accordance with BS1377: Part 9, Clause 4.3. If more than
10% of the material is retained on a 20mm sieve, the whole material shall be assumed without test
to have a CBR value of 30% or more.
Where the Contractor proposes to use the capping layer for construction plant, he shall increase
where necessary the thickness and/or strength of the capping layer to accommodate the method of
construction and the type of plant and vehicles which he proposes to use to avoid damage to the
capping layer, bottom of capping layer or subgrade. Any permanent thickening shall be across the
whole width of the capping layer unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer. Temporary thickening
shall not impede drainage of the capping layer, bottom of the capping layer or the subgrade.
Table 613.1.1 – Grading for Granular Capping Material
BS Sieve Percentage by Mass Passing

75mm 100
37.5mm 75 - 100
10mm 40 - 95
5mm 30 - 85
600µm 10 - 50
75µm <15
631.2 Compaction
The same degree of compaction is required under pavements and is specified by end-product
compaction. The Contractor shall at least 2 working days before commencement of compaction
submit the following to the Engineer for approval:-
(i) the values of maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content obtained in
accordance with BS1377: Part 4 using the 4.5kg rammer method or vibrating hammer
method as appropriate for each of the fills he intends to use (where the fill contains material
having different maximum dry densities and optimum moisture contents each shall be
identified in order to monitor the compacted density);

(ii) a graph of density plotted against moisture content from which each of the values in (i)
above the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content were determined and, for
cohesive material, a plot of the 5% air voids curve for each material.
Before filling commences the Contractor shall carry out compaction trials with the plant he
intends to use on an area of not less than 200m2 and provide not less than two insitu density tests
per 150mm layer.
616 PREPARATION AND SURFACE TREATMENT OF FORMATION
The formation shall, after completion of excavation, and immediately before laying subbase on
areas of completed formation, have a surface level tolerance within +10 mm and -20mm relative
to its designed level after completion of compaction.
The Contractor shall make good to the full extent of the area which is out of tolerance.
The formation shall immediately be compacted in accordance to Clause 612.
If this compaction cannot be achieved or if the material below formation level is unsuitable, then
the material shall be removed to the extent directed by the Engineer and disposed of by the
Contractor as directed by the Engineer. The resulting void shall be backfilled with suitable
material compacted in layers not exceeding 150mm thick to achieve the above requirement, or
other higher CBR value required by succeeding construction layers. Special methods of
compaction shall be used over areas which are inaccessible to rollers or other heavy plant. The
Contractor shall avoid damage to pipes, cables, structures and the like, when compacting fill
around and over them.
616.1 Testing of Formation
Tests shall be carried out at formation level to establish that the top 150mm of subgrade has
achieved a relative compaction of at least 95% of the laboratory maximum dry density,
determined in accordance with BS 1377 Part 4. Where the formation is at or below original
ground level, laboratory CBR tests (BS 1377 Part 4 Static Compaction Method) shall be carried
out, as directed, and the minimum acceptable GBR value shall be 30%. In situ testing shall be at
the rate of one density test for each 400m2 and one CBR test for each 1200m2,
The Contractor shall obtain approval of excavations prior to placing pavement layers and fill. The
Contractor shall maintain open excavations in an approved condition, and shall rectify the effects
of deterioration due to weather,

617 USE OF SUB-FORMATION OR FORMATION BY CONSTRUCTION PLANT
Traffic on any completed formation shall be kept to the minimum required for the overlying
construction. Construction plant/equipment used on pavements under construction shall be
suitable in relation to the material, condition and thickness of the courses it traverses so that
damage is not caused to the sub-grade or the pavement courses already constructed.
The Contractor is to provide adequate haul roads of sufficient strength and width to prevent
damage to the formation. Alternatively where the Contractor proposes to use the sub-base for
construction plant/equipment he shall improve the layers where necessary, to accommodate the
method of construction and the type of plant/equipment and vehicles which he proposes to use, in
order to avoid damage to any sub-base layer, any capping and the sub-grade.
626 GABIONS
Gabions shall be flexible galvanised steel wire and wire-mesh cages packed with boulder or
cobble sized rock fragments.
626.1 Rock
Rock used as filling for cages shall be clean, hard, un-weathered boulders or cobble size rock
fragments. No material shall exceed the maximum size given in Table 2602/ 1, and at least 85%
of the boulders shall be of a size equal to or above the average least dimension size in Table
602.1.1.
The minimum density of rock shall normally be 2,300 kg/m3, though the Engineer may approve
the use of material of lower density in exceptional circumstances which will depend upon
availability and environmental considerations.
Table 626.1.1: Rockfill size

Depth of cage (m) Rock Fill Material Dimensions
Average least dimension (mm) Maximum (mm)
0.2 125 150
0.3 125 200
0.5 125 250
1.0 125 250
626.2 Wire
All wire for making the gabions and for tying during the construction of the gabions shall comply
with the following requirements:

a) Tensile Strength
350-500 N/mm2 as per BS EN 10223:1998.
b) Coating
All the wire shall be heavily zinc coated with a minimum mass of coating in accordance
with the provisions of BS EN 10244:2009, see Table 626.1.2.
Table 626.1.2 Wire coating

Mesh wire diameter (mm)
<2.2 2.2 – 2.9 3.0 - 3.6 3.7 – 4.0
2
Coating (gr/m ) 245 260 275 290
The adhesion of the zinc coating to the wire shall such that when the wire is wrapped six
turns round a mandrel of four times the diameter of the wire, it shall not flake or crack to
such an extent that any zinc can be removed by rubbing with bare fingers.
c) Elongation
Elongation shall be not less than 10% as per BS EN 10223-3:1998.
626.3 Galvanising
All wire used in the making of gabions shall be galvanised in accordance with the provisions of
BS EN 10244:2001 or equivalent for Class A heavy galvanised mild- steel wire
626.4 Wire mesh
Wire mesh shall comply with the requirements of BS 4483:2005 or equivalent. The wire mesh
shall be hexagonal woven mesh wherein the joints are formed by twisting each pair of wires
through three half turns. The tightness of the twisted joints shall be such that a force of not less
than 1.7kN is required when pulling on one wire in order to separate it from the other wire
provided each wire is prevented from turning due to the applied forces and the wires are kept in
the same plane.
626.5 Geotextile Filter Fabric
In areas where the Engineer deems the use of geotextile fabric necessary, the Contractor shall
furnish and place geotextile fabric as specified and as directed by the Engineer,
The geotextile fabric furnished by the Contractor shall be of an approved gratia suitable for
placement over fine sand. The geotextile fabric shall be a woven or non-woven fabric consisting
only of long chain polymeric filaments or yarns formed into a stable network such that the
filaments or yarns retain their relative position to each other. The fabric shall be stabilised against
ultra violet light, inert to commonly encountered chemicals and chemical properties of the in-situ
soil and water, and it shall conform to the following minimum requirements:
Weight 135g/m
Thickness under load (2KN/sq.m) (DIN 53855) 0.7mm
Tensile Strength (200mm width) ASTMD1682 1.6KN
Puncture Resilience (DIN 54307) 1.5KN
Permeability (DIN 60500) 50 L/sq.m/s
631 EARTHWORKS MATERIALS TESTS
i) Unless stated otherwise, testing of fill materials and workmanship shall be carried out in
accordance with BS 1377 (1990).
ii) Laboratory Maximum Dry Density tests shall be in accordance with BS1377 (1990) Part 4
Test 3.5 or 3.6 (4.5kg hammer);
iii) Laboratory CBR tests shall be carried out in accordance with BS 1377 (1990) Part 4, Test 7.
iv) Liquid Limit shall be determined in accordance with BS1377 (1990) Part 2 Test 4,3 or 4.4.
v) In situ density tests shall be in accordance with BS1377 (1990) Part 9, Test 2.1 or 2.2. (In
situ CBR testing shall be in accordance with BS1377 (1990) Part 9, Test 4.3.
vi) Tests shall be carried out on fill to determine the degree of compaction achieved, at the rate
of one test for each 400m2 of each layer. Compacted layers shall not be covered without
approval.
vii) Tests shall be carried out on the each layer of fill as follows:
A. Laboratory tests to monitor the consistency of the approved material during

construction:
Test Frequency of Test

(not less than one test per......)
Maximum dry density 1200m2
Optimum moisture content 1200m2
Grading 1200m2
Linear Shrinkage 1200m2
CBR 1200m2
Sulphate content 1200m2
Chloride content 1200m2
B. In-situ tests to confirm that the required degree of compaction is being achieved during
construction:

Test Frequency of Test

(not less than one test per......)
Dry Density 400m2
CBR 2400m2
PART 1000: CONCRETE PAVEMENTS

NOTE: The requirements for pavement quality concrete Works shall be fulfilled by the
Contractor in accordance with the requirements of this Specification and the Standard
Specification 033 of the Defence Estates (2005), Ministry of Defense, United Kingdom.
1001 CONSTITUENT MATERIALS
1001.1 Aggregates
a) General
The Contractor shall inform the Engineer of the source and aggregate properties for each size of
aggregate from each separate source of supply. The type of course aggregate to be used shall be
crushed limestone; the type of fine aggregate shall be uncrushed, crushed gravel or rock, or
blended.
Initial approval of aggregates shall be obtained from the Engineer before mixing starts; approval
shall be based on results supplied to the Engineer of those tests listed in Clause 4.15.1 and carried
out by the Contractor.
The Contractor (or Supplier on his behalf) shall operate under a Quality Assurance scheme to BS
EN ISO 9000 with a scope appropriate for the production and supply of aggregates.
Aggregates shall be clean, hard and durable as defined in Clauses 1001.1(b) and 1001.1 (c).
Aggregate shall not contain harmful materials in such form or such quantity to adversely affect
the strength at any age or the durability of the surfacing. Examples of such materials include:
 clay, loam or chalk, particularly as an adherent coating;

 mica, shale and other laminated materials;
 coal and other organic or vegetable impurities;
 sulphates and chlorides or other reactive substances liable to break down during drying or
subsequent exposure to weather or moisture.
Weathered rock shall not be permitted.
Aggregate soundness of each source shall be assessed using the Magnesium Sulphate Soundness
Test on all fractions.
The following criteria shall be ascertained by testing in accordance with BS 812 and BS 882,
unless indicated otherwise, to assess the suitability of aggregate. The results shall comply with the
limits given in BS 882 or as otherwise stated herein:
(i) Grading (BS 812-103).

(ii) Magnesium sulphate soundness (BS 812-121).

(iii) Specific gravity and water absorption (BS 812-2).
(iv) Clay, silt and dust content (BS 812-103).
(v) Clay lumps and friable particles (ASTM C142), Organic impurities (ASTM C40, ASTM
C87).
(vi) Acid soluble sulphate and chloride content (BS 812-118 & 119).
(vii) 10% fines value for coarse aggregates {BS 812-111).
(viii) Elongation and flakiness (BS 812-105.1 S 105.2).
(ix) Potential alkali reactivity (BSI/WG10, ASTM P214 & ASTM C227).
(x) Los Angeles abrasion test (ASTM C131 & ASTM C535).
(xi) Drying shrinkage (BS 812-120).
(xii) Moisture content (BS B12-109).
b) Course Aggregate
The course aggregate shall be crushed rock from an approved source or sources. Gravel
aggregates shall not be used for Pavement Quality Concrete (PQC). The course aggregate shall be
supplied as 20/40, 10/20 and 4/10 single sized aggregates in compliance with BS EN 12620,
Table 2.
The properties of the course aggregate, determined in accordance with the methods described in
the relevant reference, shall fall within the limits shown in Table 1001.1.1; the permissible test
limits shall apply to each size from each separate supply source of aggregate.
Table 1001.1.1 Permissible Test Limits for Course Aggregate
Test Property Test Ref. Permissible Limits

Particle Size Distribution BS EN 933-1 20/40, 10/20 and 4/10 single
sized, as BS EN 12620,
Table 2
Magnesium Sulphate Soundness BS EN 1367-2 <18 (Each source)
Value <30 (Each fraction
Flakiness Index (%) BS EN 933-3 <25
Resistance to BS EN 1097-2 <30
Fragmentation Value (Los
Angeles coefficient)
Maximum Fines Content (%) BS EN 933-1 <4
Drying Shrinkage (%) BS EN 1367-4 <0.05
Acid-soluble Sulphate BS EN 1744-1 <0.04%

c) Fine Aggregate
Fine aggregate shall be uncrushed natural sand, crushed rock, or blends of uncrushed fine
aggregate and crushed rock (all as defined in BS EN 12620) and shall be free from loosely
bonded aggregations and other foreign matter.
The properties of the fine aggregate, determined in accordance with the methods described in the
relevant reference, shall fall within the limits shown in Table 1001.1.2; except for particle size
distribution, the permissible limits shall apply to each size from each separate supply source of
aggregate.
Table 1001.1.2 Permissible Test Limits for Course Aggregate
Test Property Test Ref. Permissible Limits

Particle Size Distribution1 BS EN 933-1 As Grading 1 or 2 in Table
1001.1.3
Magnesium Sulphate BS EN 1367-2 <18 (Each source)
Soundness Value <30 (Each fraction)
Fines Content (%) BS EN 933-1 <3
1
Particle size limits shall be met by the aggregate as delivered or after blending two or more
separate aggregates together before batching.
Table 1001.1.3 Gradings 1 and 2 For Fine Aggregate
BS EN 933-2 sieve size Percentage by mass passing

Grading 1 Grading 2
8.0 mm 100 100
4.00 mm 85 – 100 85 – 100
2.00 mm 50 – 90 70 – 97
1.00 mm 25 – 65 50 – 85
0.500 13 – 30 30 – 50
0.250 mm 4 – 18 5 – 25
0.125 mm 0–7 0–6
i. A total tolerance of up to 5 % may be applied to the percentages underlined in the Table.
The tolerance may be split up. For example, it could be 1 % on each of three sieves and 2

on another.
ii. For crushed rock fine aggregate, the permissible limit on the 0.125 mm may be increased
to 15 %.
1001.2 Cement
The cement shall be Portland Cement (CEM I), strength class 42.5N or above, complying with
the requirements of BS EN 197-1 and BS EN 197-2.
Cement shall be obtained only from an agreed supplier, details of which shall be submitted to the
Engineer by the Contractor.
No change shall be made in the source of cement, once agreed, without the prior approval of the
Engineer, which shall be given only after exhaustive enquiries regarding the reasons for the
change and the properties of the proposed cement. Any approval so given shall be qualified by a
further requirement for new trial mixes before work is allowed to proceed.
A test certificate shall be provided with each consignment giving the information in Table
1001.2.1. The certificate shall also state the alkali content of the cement expressed as the certified
sodium oxide equivalent averaged over the manufacturer's latest 25 consecutive composite
samples, together with an indication of variability. The determination for average alkali content
must have been made on samples taken and prepared in accordance with BS EN 196: Parts 7 and
2. Any increase in the certified average alkali content of the cement must be notified immediately
to the Engineer.
Table 1001.2.1 Information Required On Delivered Cement
Test Property Test Ref.

Compressive strength at 2 or 7 days and BS EN 196 -1
28 days from mortar prisms
Initial setting time BS EN 196-3
Soundness (Expansion) BS EN 196-3
Chloride content BS EN 196-2
Type and quantity of additives (if > 1.0% (m/m))
The current certificates shall be submitted to the Engineer before mixing starts and thereafter
throughout the course of the work for all consignments. If, in addition, the Engineer calls for
check tests on any consignment, this shall be arranged.

In addition, cement must be properly stored and used in a fresh condition, otherwise their activity
will be substantially reduced. Even if properly stored they will suffer a progressive loss in
strength with time: after 3 months, 20%; after 6 months, 30%; after 1 year, 40%.
1001.3 Water
(i) The Contractor shall make his own arrangements and obtain approval for the provision of
fresh water for the manufacture and curing of concrete (See Clause 122).
(ii) Water to be used for mixing and curing concrete and mortar shall be fresh and free from
sediment and dissolved or suspended matter which may be harmful and shall comply with
the requirements of BS 5328 and 3148. Water samples from the intended source of supply
shall be taken for analysis before any concrete work is commenced, and at intervals
throughout the duration of the Contract. If the samples are unacceptable the Contractor
shall either change to a new supply or take steps to improve the existing source, as
approved.
(iii) The sulphate (SO3) content shall not exceed 500 mg/l, and the chloride ion content shall not
exceed 350 mg/l. Tests to establish the contents shall be carried out at monthly intervals.
Note: The chloride and sulphate contents of each concrete mix shall also comply with the
overall limits given elsewhere in this part of the Specification.
1001.4 Admixtures
Admixtures shall comply with BS EN 480 and BS EN 934. The use of calcium chloride or
chloride-based admixtures is forbidden.
If the Contractor proposes to use a water reducing/plasticizing admixture, he shall submit the
following details to the Engineer for approval before mixing starts.
 details of the proposed mixture and materials including a material specification.

 evidence of successful laying and finishing elsewhere.
 evidence that the mix will meet the specified strengths.
 a Certificate of Conformity with BS EN 934-6.
 evidence that the manufacturer of the admixture operates a Quality Assurance system to BS
EN ISO 9001.
 the manufacturer shall confirm that the proposed admixture and the proposed air entraining
admixture can be used together without detriment.
High range water reducing/superplasticising admixtures shall not be used.

1001.5 Joint Filler
(i) The joint filler shall be an approved manufactured filler meeting the requirements of the
relevant tests in Appendix 1000C.
(ii) For expansion joints, the thickness of the filler shall be 25mm.
(iii) Before laying on the specified trial area begins, a test certificate for the proposed joint filler
shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval. The certificate shall show compliance with
the requirements of Appendix 1000C by reporting the results of tests carried out by an
independent laboratory within the six months immediately prior to the date on which it is
proposed to start using the product on site.
1001.6 Curing Compounds For Exposed Surfaces
The curing compound for Pavement Quality Concrete surfaces exposed immediately after
finishing shall be an approved spray-applied resin-based compound containing flake aluminium
in finely divided dispersion which will not separate out when the compound is applied and which
will produce a complete coverage of the sprayed surface with a metallic finish. It shall become
touch-dry within 5 minutes, stable and impervious to evaporation of water from the concrete
surface within 60 minutes and shall not disintegrate for 3 weeks. When tested as described in BS
7542, the compound shall have an efficiency index of at least 90 %. The compound shall not react
chemically with the concrete.
Before laying of the specified trial area begins, a Certificate of Conformity for the proposed
curing compound shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval. This shall include evidence that
the manufacturer of the curing compound operates a Quality Assurance system to BS EN ISO
9001.
Each consignment delivered to the site shall be clearly marked with the manufacturer's name and
the name of the product and shall be accompanied by a certificate stating that the consignment is
equal to the sample tested and giving the rate of spread necessary for the specified efficiency.
Copies of the delivery certificates shall be passed to the Engineer for his retention.
1001.7 Curing Liquids for Vertical Faces
(i) The curing liquid for vertical faces of Pavement Quality Concrete slabs cast against forms
shall be bitumen emulsion complying with the requirements of Class A1-40, A1-55, K1-40
or K1-60 as specified in BS 434: Part 1, Table 1.
(ii) The bitumen emulsion shall be delivered in weather-proof containers, each clearly marked
by the supplier to show the class and bitumen content, or in bulk carriers accompanied by a

certificate from the supplier stating the class and bitumen content of the consignment. A
copy of each certificate shall be passed to the Engineer for his retention.
1001.8 Joint Sealing Compounds
(i) Joint sealing compounds may be of either hot applied or cold applied type. For hot
application, an approved Type Fl compound complying with the requirements of BS 2499:
Part 1 shall be used. For cold application, an approved compound, either Type F or Type
FB, as shown on the Drawing No. PIU019/ITA13/BAP/08 complying with the
requirements of BS 5212: Part 1 shall be used.
(ii) Only sealing systems which include separately applied primers shall be used and the
primers shall be as recommended by the manufacturers of the sealing compounds.
Compounds shall maintain adhesion with concrete which has been cleaned, dried and
primed according to the manufacturer's instructions.
(iii) Sealing compound and primer shall be delivered in containers complying with the
requirements of the relevant BS. Each consignment shall include a manufacturer's
certificate containing the information listed in BS EN 14188-1 or BS 5212: Part 1,
Appendix B.
(iv) Before the specified trial area or any other area of concrete is sealed, either a Certificate of
Conformity from a Quality Assurance system registered to BS EN ISO 9000 or an
independent test certificate shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval. The certificate
shall show compliance with the relevant BS by reporting the results of tests carried out by
an independent laboratory within the six months immediately prior to the date on which it
is proposed to start using the compound on site. Further certificates shall be supplied during
the course of the work if requested by the Engineer.
1002 DESIGN AND COMPOSITION OF PAVEMENT QUALITY CONCRETE
1002.1 Mix Design
The Pavement Quality concrete mix shall be designed by the Contractor to attain the specified
strengths and to comply with the requirements of Clause 1002.2 to 1002.7.
The Contractor may, at his discretion and subject to the approval of the Engineer, include in his
mix design an admixture in the form of a retarder, plasticiser or water reducing agent to produce a
more workable mix taking into consideration the necessity for the satisfactory compaction of the
indicated slab thickness. The Contractor shall be seemed to have included in his rates for
admixtures if he intends to use them.

The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with the trade name, if any, of the admixture, its nature
and composition and the name and address of the proposed supplier.
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for prior approval details of his propose mixes,
including the proportions of all materials and intended compacting factor. He shall state a target
mean strength and standard deviation to take account of the specified strengths and the
requirements for works flexural and core tests.
Each mix shall be designated by a unique reference number. The Contractor shall indicate in his
submission for approval details of the mix constituents together with the respective sources;
should only one of these vary in any subsequent submission, then the mix reference shall be
changed accordingly. Test results and any relevant correspondence shall contain the appropriate
mix reference.
1002.2 Strength
By the end of each area/section of the Works all PQ concrete shall have attained the 28day
strength requirements described below and the Contractor shall undertake additional testing
where necessary to confirm that this requirement has been met.
Pavement Quality Concrete shall be produced to meet all the following requirements:
a) Flexural Strength
Pavement Quality Concrete shall have a characteristic (5% defective) flexural strength, at 28
days, of at least 4.0 Mpa.
When both the following conditions are met the concrete is deemed to comply with the specified
flexural strength requirement:
i) The mean strength determined from any group of four consecutive unit tests results
exceeds the characteristic strength by at least 0.3N/mm2.
and
ii) The strength determined from any unit test result is not less than the characteristic
strength less 0.3N/mm2 if the concrete fails to comply with this requirement, the mix
proportions shall be adjusted or improvements made in the control measures to raise the
flexural strength to a satisfactory level.
If the concrete fails to comply with this requirement, the mix proportions shall be adjusted or
improvements made in the control measures to raise the flexural strength to a satisfactory level.
Beams shall be tested in flexure in accordance with BS EN 12390-5 and the Modulus of Rupture
shall be calculated.
b) Estimated Cube Strength

Pavement Quality concrete shall attain a minimum estimated insitu cube compressive strength
(average of the two halves as described in Clause 1003.25) at 28 days of 34.0N/mm2 and a mean
of at least 40.0N/mm2 from any consecutive group of four averaged core results in tests on cores
cut from the finished concrete. Testing shall be carried out in accordance with BS EN 12504-1.
The circumstances, in which concrete shall be rejected on failure to achieve this minimum
strength, are described in Clauses 1003.11 and 1003.25.
1002.3 Mixture Parameters
The mixture shall be designed within the following limits:
 Minimum cement content (kg/m³ of fully compacted concrete): 350

 Maximum free water/cement ratio: 0.45
1002.4 Heat of Hydration
The Contractor shall measure the heat of hydration of the each proposed Portland cement/PFA
blend using the Langavant method of BS EN 196-9 1997 as follows:
(i) Prepare mortar in accordance with BS EN 196-1 1995 with the following batch proportions:
 Portland cement 240g ± 0.5g

 PFA 120g ± 0.5g
 Standard Sand 1080g ± 1g
 Water 180 ± 0.5g
(ii) Measure the heat of hydration at 72 hours in triplicate using the Langavant apparatus.
(iii) The mean 72-hour heat of hydration shall be not less than 265 j/g.
1002.5 Control of Chlorides
(i) The total chloride ion content of the Pavement Quality Concrete mixture arising from cement,
aggregates and any other constituent materials shall not exceed 0.4 % of the mass of cement.
(ii) Chloride ion content shall be calculated in the manner shown in the following example:

Constituent Mass Chloride Ion Level Chloride Ion Content

(kg/m³ of concrete) (%) (kg)
Course aggregate 1200 0.04 0.48
Fine aggregate 600 0.10 0.60
Cement 350 0.07 0.25
Admixtures 0.12
Water (other than
mains)
Other sources
Total Chloride Ion Content 1.45 kg
Total chloride ion content as a percentage of the mass of cement (1.45/350) x 100 = 0.41%
The maximum value permitted is 0.40 %. Therefore, the mixture in this example does not
comply.
1002.6 Precautions against Alkali-Silica Reaction
(i) The total mass of reactive alkali in the Pavement Quality Concrete mixture, calculated to the
nearest 0.1 kg, in accordance with Clauses 1002.6 (ii) to 1002.6 (v), shall not exceed the
limits given in Table 1 of BRE Digest 330 Part 2.
(ii) Cement
The reactive alkali contributed by the cement in the concrete in kg/m3 ("A") shall be taken as:
A = (C x a)/100
Where
C = target mean cement content of the concrete mixture (kg/m³)
a = average alkali content of cement (% by mass of cement) (see Clause1001.2).
(iii) Aggregate
The reactive alkali contributed by chloride contamination of aggregates in kg/m3 ("H") shall
be taken as:
H = 0.76 x %Cl
Where Cl = chloride ion content of aggregates (kg/m3 of concrete)

(iv) Other Sources

The reactive alkali content of admixtures, water other than mains supply and other
constituents of concrete in kg/m3 ("W") shall be taken into account when determining the
total alkali content of the concrete mixture.
(v) Total Alkali Content

Total mass of reactive alkali = A + H + W kg/m3 of concrete.
1002.7 Consistence (Workability)
The concrete shall be of consistence suitable for full compaction without undue flow to be
achieved with the plant used.
1002.8 Laboratory and Batching Trial Mixes
As soon as possible after the commencement of the Contract, the Contractor shall undertake
laboratory and batching trial mixes complying with the requirements of Clauses 1002.1 to 1002.7
to satisfy the Engineer that the concrete mix will be capable of proper compaction by machine or
hand methods for its full depth and that the specified flexural and core strengths will be obtained.
From each laboratory and batching plant trial mix, at least 10 test beams and 10 test cubes (or as
directed by the Engineer) shall be made with concrete proportioned and mixed to the declared
design in the laboratory and batching plant which will eventually be used for the production of
the concrete to be laid in the pavement. All the pairs of beams and cubes shall be tested at the
ages described in Table 1002.8.1 and a test report prepared. At least two compaction factor tests
shall be carried out during the batching and laboratory trial using separate samples of the
concrete, which shall not be re-used to make the test beams.
Table 1002.8.1 Trial Mix Testing Requirements
Age of Concrete Number of Beams and Cubes Curing Regime
7 Days 4 Lab Trial, 2 Batching Trial Water

28 Days 6 Lab Trial, 6 Batching Trial Water
56 Days 2 Batching Trial Water
If the Contractor wishes to conduct his own early trial mix tests at 24 hours (accelerated curing)
or at any other time or wishes to use cubes for early tests he is at liberty to do so, but shall make
additional beams or cubes for the purpose. All such results shall be reported to the Engineer, but
shall not be accepted as evidence of a satisfactory mix design.

Should the Contractor wish to make test beams in advance of setting up his working, batching
and mixing plant/equipment he may do so but he shall, nevertheless, make a further trial for
acceptable testing in the working plant/equipment when it is available which shall be not less than
one month before “Pavement Quality” concrete is first laid in the permanent works.
Beams shall be tested in accordance with BS EN 12390-5.
The flexural strength condition shall be considered to be satisfied if the average of all six beams
tested at 28 days (or sooner) attains at least 4.0N/mm and if the range of the six beams is not
greater than 15% of the average. If the range exceeds 15% of the average the top and bottom
values (or one of equal top or bottom values) shall be neglected; in this case the four remaining
results shall be used and the range shall not exceed 10%.
On the results of these tests as reported, the mixes and the target compaction factor value at the
batcher actually to be used in the placement trial shall be agreed with the Engineer.
A mix agreed and approved by the Engineer shall not be varied during the course of the work
unless approved. Such approval shall not be given unless required to make concrete stronger or
more satisfactory for the method of laying.
1002.9 Placement Trial Areas
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a Task Statement detailing the proposed methods to
be used in the placement trial.
The first slabs of the approved concrete mix which are laid by each spreading and compacting
unit, whether self-propelled or hand-manipulated shall be regarded as placement trial areas and
shall include jointing. Jointing shall include vertical face construction joints at the
commencement and termination and at least one expansion joint (See Clause 1003.16).
A trial area using self-propelled machinery shall be between 20m and 60m long. A trial area
using hand-manipulated equipment shall be at least three slabs long and a trial area in areas of
odd shaped slabs shall include at least one such slab. Trials shall normally be undertaken outside
the area of the permanent works.
If trial areas are permitted in the permanent works they shall be laid along the outer edges of the
pavement whether it be taxiways or apron. Any trial areas not in full compliance with the
Specification shall be broken out.
The trial areas shall be used to demonstrate the capability of the machinery and methods used to
produce the desired compaction, surface level tolerance and texture and methods of joint forming
and sealing, Concrete curing regimes shall be agreed during the trail(s).

During the trial(s) the depth and timing of the initial saw cutting as described in Clause 1003.17
shall be determined by the Contractor.
Methods of transporting and protecting the concrete from the batcher to the point of deposition
shall also be agreed.
During the placement trial the Contractor shall carry out and record compaction factor tests in
accordance with Part 103 of BS1881 at the batcher at a rate of one every third load for a slip form
paver trial and one per load for a hand lay trial. If the compaction factor value is outside the target
value limits agreed during the batching trial the load shall be rejected and not incorporated within
the placement trial. If the compaction factor is within the target value limits the concrete shall be
transported to the placement trial location when further compaction factor tests shall be carried
out at a rate of one every third load for a slip form paver trial and one per load for a hand lay trial.
The results of the compaction factor tests at the point of placement shall be used to determine the
target compaction facture to be used in the main works.
Six full depth cores shall be cut from each trial area to test the degree of compaction and strength
at 7 days. In addition six full depth cores shall be cut from each trial area to test the degree of
compaction and strength at 28 days.
After completion and testing of the placement trial the Contractor shall agree with the Engineer
the following procedures:
 Laying and compaction methods.

 Target Compaction Factor at batcher.
 Target Compaction Factor at point of deposition.
 Timing and depth of initial saw cut for contraction joint.
 Curing regime.
 Finishing and texturing methods.
The Contractor shall obtain written approval from the Engineer before proceeding with full scale
batching and placement.
In the event of the placement trial failing to meet any of the requirements of paras (i) to (vii)
below the Contractor shall review the mix design and placement methods with the Engineer and
repeat the trial using the revised procedures agreed with the Engineer.
(i) the total air voids are outside the target range.
(ii) the cores cut show honeycombing or excess voidage greater than 5%.;
(iii) the surface levels are outside the permitted tolerances;
(iv) the surface macrotexture does not satisfy the requirements of Clause 1003.20
(v) the concrete fails to reach the required strength specified in Clause 1002.2.
(vi) the surface regularity and edge slump does not satisfy the requirements of Clause 1003.19.
(vii) the thickness at the edge of the pavement is outside the tolerances of Clause 1003.20 when
the trial is laid on an approved base
Nevertheless, the requirements for surface texture shall be deemed to be satisfied if, within the
surface level tolerances specified, the Contractor, with prior approval, is able to produce the
required texture by mechanical cutting of the finished concrete.
1003 PLANT, WORKMANSHIP AND PRODUCTION TESTING
1003.1 Storage of Materials
(i) All materials shall be stored in accordance with manufacturers' instructions. They shall be
protected against damage by the weather or by exposure to extremes of temperature.
(ii) Materials condemned by the Engineer shall be removed immediately from site.
(iii) Cement shall be kept dry until use. It shall be protected from the weather during transit. If
delivered in bulk containers it shall be stored in silos. If delivered in bags or drums it shall
be stored in a weatherproof building on a raised floor or platform. Each consignment shall
be kept separate from previous consignments. The cement shall be used in the order of
delivery. Cement held for more than 28 days shall be tested, not more than 7 days before
use, for “loss on ignition” as detailed in Clause 7 of BS EN 196-2 and shall satisfy the
requirements given in Table 3 of BS EN 197-1.
(iv) Drums containing bitumen emulsion shall be turned or inverted at least once a month.
1003.2 Storing And Handling Aggregates
(i) Aggregate stockpiles shall be on concrete or other approved hard surfaces, laid to falls to
allow unrestricted drainage. Aggregates shall be stockpiled separately for each size
delivered from each source of supply. Each size from each source shall be separated in the
stockpiles by sturdy bulkheads.
(ii) The methods to be adopted to prevent overspill between adjacent stockpiles, "coning" or
segregation of the aggregate in the stockpiles, particularly during tipping, shall be agreed
with the Engineer. Care shall be taken to avoid crushing by stockpiling equipment.
(iii) The aggregates shall be kept free from contact with deleterious matter.
(iv) Aggregates containing more than 5% passing a 4mm sieve shall not be batched until they
have been deposited for at least 8 hours. All aggregates produced or handled by hydraulic
methods or which have been washed shall be stockpiled for at least 24 hours before
batching.
(v) Aggregates shall be handled from the stockpiles to the batching plant by means which
avoid contamination and minimize segregation.
1003.3 Tests On Aggregates From Stockpiles
(i) The particle size distribution of a representative sample from each stockpile of each
aggregate shall be determined once a day when mixing and laying are in progress. The
samples shall be taken in accordance with the requirements of BS EN 932-1, prepared
according to BS EN 932-2 and the testing shall be by dry sieving as described in BS EN
933-1. If any of the particle size distributions so determined falls outside the relevant limits
given in Clauses 1001.1(b) or 1001.1(c) two further tests shall be carried out. If either of
these also fails to satisfy the requirement, mixing shall cease immediately and the non-
complying aggregate shall be removed and replaced with material complying with the
specified requirements.
(ii) The fines content of each size of aggregate from each source shall be determined at weekly
intervals when mixing and laying are in progress. Samples shall be taken in accordance
with the requirements of BS EN 932-1, prepared according to BS EN 932-2 and the tests
shall be performed by the method described in BS EN 933-1.
(iii) A qualitative test for the presence of chloride ions (as described in BS EN 1744-1) in
course aggregate and fine aggregate shall be carried out before mixing of concrete for the
Works begins and, for sea-dredged aggregate, at weekly intervals thereafter. The samples
for test shall be taken from the base of each stockpile. When this test shows the chlorine ion
content of an aggregate to be other than negligible, the water-soluble chloride ion content
of a sample of the same aggregate taken from the base of the stockpile shall be determined.
The test method used shall be that described in BS EN 1744-1. The value/s determined
shall be used in the calculation of total chloride ion content of the concrete mixture
specified in Clause 1002.5.
1003.4 Batching and Mixing Of Concrete
(i) Concrete shall be mixed in an approved static batch mixer complying with the requirements
of Clause 1003.5. The mixer shall be controlled by an experienced operator.

(ii) The proportion of each constituent in the mixture by weight shall be that approved by the
Engineer in accordance with Clauses 1002.8 and 1002.9, allowance being made as detailed
below for the weight of free water in the aggregate.
(iii) The allowance made for free water in the aggregates shall be determined on representative
samples from each of the aggregate stockpiles in accordance with the methods described in
BS EN 1097-5, or, with the agreement of the Engineer, by another method. Regular
determinations shall be made before mixing starts each day and, unless moisture meters are
fitted at the discharge points from the bins containing 10 mm and smaller aggregate sizes,
afterwards at 4-hourly intervals until mixing ceases for the day. Additional determinations
shall be made when mixing restarts after rain has stopped production or when moisture
meters in the bins indicate a change in moisture content. Following each determination of
free water in the aggregates, the precise quantity of added water required to make up the
total proportion of mixing water approved shall be recalculated.
(iv) Aggregates from each stockpile and cement shall each be proportioned separately by
weight to the tolerances given in BS EN 206-1, Table 21. When the cement is delivered in
bags, proportioning by weight of all constituents shall be based on the incorporation of
whole bags.
(v) The added water content calculated as described above shall be measured by either weight
or volume to the tolerances given in BS EN 206-1, Table 21. All of the mixing water
required for each batch shall be added in the approved static mixing plant.
(vi) Each admixture shall be measured separately at the mixer in preset automatic dispensers to
within ± 5 % of the quantity approved for the mixture. Admixtures shall be added with the
water and the mixing time shall be such as to ensure uniform distribution of the admixture
throughout the batch.
(vii) Mixing within the approved static mixer shall continue until a well mixed homogenous
concrete has been produced. The total mixing time shall be agreed following trials with the
mixture and mixing shall be carried out for this period. The consistency of each batch of
concrete shall be checked by use of a wattmeter monitoring the power supply to the mixer,
or other proven reliable device, and each batch of concrete shall be inspected prior to
discharge.
(viii) Mixers shall be emptied before being charged with a new batch of concrete. When a delay
in excess of 30 minutes occurs during concrete production, mixing shall not restart until the
mixer and handling plant have been thoroughly cleaned out.
1003.5 Concrete Mixers

(i) The Contractor shall submit for approval, with his tender, details of the mixer(s) he
proposes to use, including the manufacturer’s name, type of mixer and estimated output.
The Contractor’s proposals will be considered and, if requested, he shall also submit at
tender stage the following further information:
 A technical description of the plant, including recommended methods of

maintenance and operation control.
 Minimum mixing time recommended for Pavement Quality Concrete.
 Time required for charging and discharging.
 Estimated theoretical output in terms of unit time for Pavement Quality Concrete.
 Batch size.
 Method of addition of air entraining admixture.
 Type of water measuring device.
 Any other information concerning the ability of the plant to produce Pavement
Quality Concrete of consistent proportions and properties to the requirements of
this Specification and at a rate of output suitable for the laying plant and
programme proposed.
Only mixing plants approved as a result of these submissions shall be used.
(ii) The weighing mechanism of each batching plant shall be checked either by its
manufacturer or by an independent testing authority who shall certify compliance within
the tolerances given in BS EN 206-1, Clause 9.6.2.2. A copy of the certificate shall be
passed to the Engineer before mixing begins. Further checks shall be made and the
certificates passed to the Engineer at the end of each month during mixing and whenever a
mixer is re-sited or disturbed.
(iii) The calibration of the water measuring devices and admixture dispensers shall be checked
before mixing begins and at monthly intervals during mixing. Copies of the certificates
shall be passed to the Engineer. In addition, the Contractor shall himself check the accuracy
of the devices and dispensers to the satisfaction of the Engineer each day before mixing
begins.
1003.6 Slab Thickness
The pavement thickness shall be the arithmetic mean of the individual core lengths and shall be
not less than the design thickness shown on the relevant design drawings. Any individual core
length shall be not less than the design thickness with the T5 or particular category tolerance
given in Table 4 of BS EN 13877-2. The finished levels and surface regularity shall meet the
requirements of Clause 4.14.20.

1003.7 Layout of Joints
The layout of the joints shall be as shown on the relevant Project Design drawings.
1003.8 Weather Conditions
a) Wet Weather
The following requirements shall be met:
 Concrete shall not be laid during rain. Alternatively, with the approval of the Engineer, the
Contractor may provide suitable protection to the concrete during transportation and placing
to enable completion of the finishing processes (including the necessary joint forming) to a
standard equal to that of the approved trial area.
 All precautions necessary shall be taken to protect freshly placed concrete from rainwater
running off adjacent areas.
 Where a new concrete surface is damaged by light rain, the surface may be re-textured to a
standard equal to that of the approved trial area, provided that the re-texturing is completed
within the time constraints specified in Clause 1003.22. Re-texturing of surfaces affected by
heavy rain or surface run-off from other pavement areas is not permitted.
 Surfaces directly affected by light rain, whether re-textured or not, shall be tested in
accordance with Clause 4.14.26 to ensure adequate surface texture has been achieved.
b) Hot Weather
Concreting in hot weather shall be in accordance with BS8110: Part 1: 1985 Section 6, Clause 6.8
and the recommendations of the following publications.
i) Advisory Notes entitled “Hot Weather Concreting” and “Concreting in Hot Weather”
published by the British Cement Association, Wexham Springs, Slough, SL3 6PL, United
Kingdom; and
ii) “Recommended Practice for Hot Weather Concreting (ACI 305-72)” by the American
Concrete Institute, Detriot, Michigan, United States of America.
A thermometer indicating maximum and minimum air temperatures shall be kept on the site and
the temperatures shown shall be recorded daily. The Contractor shall make all provisions
necessary for concreting to continue during hot or inclement weather, under hot sun, drying winds
or rain. The concrete shall be protected during transportation and placing. The temperature of the
concrete when placed shall not exceed 30ºC.

Curing shall commence immediately after compaction. The concrete shall be protected from
direct solar radiation or drying winds within 45 minutes after compaction.
Cement should not be allowed to come in contact with water at a temperature greater than 600C.
1003.9 Forms
(i) Forms for use with the laying methods specified in Clauses 1003.13 to 1003.15 shall be
purpose made right angled steel road forms, provided with adequate devices for secure
setting so that when in place they will withstand, without springing or settlement, the
impact and vibration of the spreading, compacting and finishing plant. The depth of the
forms shall be adequate to support fully the slab thickness specified in Clause 1003.6. The
ratio of height to base of the forms shall not exceed 1.5:1. The thickness of packing beneath
the forms shall not exceed 30 mm.
(ii) The wheels of the concreting plant shall not run directly on the top surface of the forms, but
on rails either attached to the forms, or, where the lane width is varying, separately
supported.
(iii) The forms and rails shall be kept free from dirt, mud and other extraneous matter. Forms
which are not straight within a tolerance of 3mm in 3m or which are battered shall be
removed from the site. Repaired forms shall not be used without the approval of the
Engineer.
(iv) Forms shall be set to the correct lines, levelled by careful adjustment with steel shims and
packed beneath with Portland cement mortar. The mortar shall not extrude beyond the
vertical inside face of the forms. The sections shall be tightly joined by locked joints free
from play in any direction.
(v) The line and levels of all forms shall be checked and corrected, if necessary, immediately
before the concrete is placed. The vertical inside faces and tops of the forms shall be
inspected to see that they are clean and shall be generously oiled to ease removal.
(vi) Forms shall not be removed until at least 12 hours after the concrete is finished. Mortar
packing left alongside the finished slabs shall be removed before adjacent slabs are poured.
1003.10 Transporting Concrete Mixtures
(i) Freshly mixed concrete shall be transported to the laying site without segregation or loss of
constituent materials. It shall be covered during transit and while awaiting discharge to
prevent wetting by rain or evaporation of moisture.

(ii) Sufficient delivery vehicles shall be used to maintain a continuous supply of concrete to the
paving plant.
1003.11 Control Testing Of Fresh Concrete
Control testing of fresh concrete shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. The methods of
testing concrete shall be generally in accordance with BS1881, BS EN 12504 and BS EN 12390.
Routine test results shall be reported to the Engineer within the period specified at sub paragraph
(iv) below in a format agreed with the Engineer. At the end of each calendar month the
Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a summary of all tests carried out, in PC compatible MS
Excel spreadsheet format on CD-Rom, bearing an appropriately worded label. The label shall
bear the name of the Airport, Contract Title (and number, where given) and date. The testing
regime to be undertaken is described below and in Table 1003.11.1. Approval criteria for
concrete strength are as contained in Table 1003.11.2.
The following tests shall be made regularly at intervals not less frequent than those specified.
Particular attention shall be given at all times to the use of methods whereby concrete batches,
from which test beams have been made or other samples have been taken, can be accurately
located in the finished work.
(i) At least once every 30 minutes when concrete is being mixed, the Contractor shall carry out
and record a compacting factor test in accordance with Part 103 of BS1881. These tests
shall normally be made at the mixer and batches from which such tests are made shall not
be taken to the place of laying until the appropriate test has been completed and the batch is
considered within the specified limits. A compacting factor test shall also be carried out on
all samples from which test beams are made and whenever an air content test is made as
described in Clause 11.7. If more than two compaction factor tests in the last ten rolling
tests fails to comply with the target value agreed under Clause 1002.8 ± 0.03, the last load
tested shall not be used in the works and concrete production shall cease, while the reasons
for non compliance are assessed. Any changes to the mixing/batching procedures shall be
subject to the approval of the Engineer before mixing/batching recommences.
(ii) A unit test shall consist of 1 group of 4 test beams and 1 group of 4 test cubes. At least 2
such unit groups for both beams and cubes shall be made each full working day or one for
every 150m3 of concrete laid, whichever is more frequent. From each group 1 beam/cube
shall be tested at 7 days and the remaining 2 at 28 days. Beams and cubes tested at 28 days
shall be treated as pairs. All beams in each group shall be made from 1 sample from the
same batch and at the same time.
(iii) The Contractor shall test and report on beams. Records shall be made of all tests of
whichever kind and copies shall be forwarded to the Engineer not later than 12 hours
after testing.

(iv) All beams shall be tested in accordance with BS EN 12390-5. If a pair of beams fails under
test as defined in Clause 1002.2, the Contractor, shall cut 3 full depth cores from the area of
laid concrete represented by the beam. The cores shall be cut, capped and tested as soon
after the beam tests as possible.
(v) In addition to the removal and replacement of any concrete deemed to be defective, the mix
may require to be adjusted to overcome shortcomings in compaction, strength
requirements, the presence of honeycombing, etc.
Table 1003.11.1 Site Control Testing During Routine Production
Test Ref Standard Minimum Frequency for Each Working

Day
Moisture Content BS EN 1097-5 4 daily and after rain
Sieve Analysis BS EN 933-1 1 per grading/per source
Beam Flexural BS EN 12390-5 Minimum 2 unit groups per day or 1 unit
Strength group for every 150m3 whichever is more
frequent
Cube Compressive BS EN 12390-3 Minimum 2 unit groups per day or 1 unit
Strength group for every 150m3 whichever is more
frequent
Calibration/Silt Instruction Manual Weekly
Correction Wexham
Developments Ltd
Compaction Factor BS1881 : Part 103: Every 30 minutes at the batching plant, and
1983 whenever an air test is carried out at the point
of deposition.
Table 1003.11.2 Pavement Quality Concrete: Strength Approval Criteria
Parameter Stage Requirement

Flexural Strength to Laboratory/Batching Characteristic Flexural Strength to be at
BS EN 12390-5 Trial See Table 4.5 least 4.0N/mm2 at 28 days (or sooner)
Flexural Strength to Works See Table 4.6 Mean strength from four consecutive
BS EN 12390-5 test results to be greater than
4.0N/mm2. Minimum unit result to be

greater than 3.5N/mm2.

Cube Compressive Laboratory/Batching/ There is no acceptance criteria for
Strength Trial/Works compressive strength from cube testing.
Testing is recommended to give early
warning of possible low flexural
strengths at 28 days
1003.12 Placing Concrete
Pavement Quality Concrete shall be laid, spread and compacted to the full depth in one operation
by self-propelled machines or machine trains in all straight runs of normal construction in bays of
rectangular or square slabs as indicated and in curved runs with continuous bays of slabs
approximating to rectangular or square.
Except where space limitations make it impossible, the machine trains shall include mechanical
finishers, texturing machines and curing compound spraying equipment. Non standard shaped
bays and channel bays may be laid by hand but as far as possible the techniques of machine
laying and compaction shall be applied so as to produce uniformity of compaction, surface
accuracy and texture.
PQ Concrete adjacent to expansion and construction joints including longitudinal joints against
adjacent lanes and against side forms shall normally be compacted with poker vibrators inserted
into the concrete. The vibrators shall not come in contact with the joint filler or the base.
PQ Concrete when deposited shall have a temperature of not less than 50C and not more than
300C.
PQ Concrete with honeycombing of the vertical faces indicating poor compaction shall not be
accepted.
PQ Concrete shall be laid to not less than the specified course thickness subject to tolerances
specified for the sub-base and surface tolerances specified in Clause 1003.19.
1003.13 Machine Laid Concrete
PQ Concrete shall be laid, spread and compacted between forms to form a single layer of the
thickness and bay widths indicated.
The mixed concrete shall be placed and distributed over the sub-base by machines designed to
ensure uniformity and continuity. Concrete shall not be disposed in any way that might cause
uneven compaction or surface irregularities whether due to pre-compaction, segregation or other

causes. Spreading and striking off at all stages shall be such that the required levels of surcharge
and finished levels are maintained uniformly throughout the operations of compacting and
finishing.
The first lane of concrete shall be laid and compacted between two forms. Metal wheels shall not
be allowed to run on concrete surfacing and normally adjacent and subsequent sections shall be
constructed by tyred, flangeless wheels, which can travel on the surface of the concrete already
laid. Alternative methods may be used providing they do not cause damage to the concrete
surfacing. The slab shall not be subjected to the weight of any plant/equipment until the Engineer
is satisfied that it is sufficiently strong to carry the loads imposed by his method of concreting.
Concrete shall be uniformly compacted throughout the full depth of the slab by means of surface
vibration, vibration and tamping, immersion vibrations or a combination of surface and
immersion vibrators. If the main compaction is by internal vibrators the vibrators shall be of
variable output and amplitude with a maximum power output of not less than 8kW/m2 of cross-
section of a slab for a laying speed of 1m per minute or pro rata for higher speeds. The spacing of
internal vibrators shall be such that full compaction takes place at the mid-point between
vibrations without over-vibrating at any point. Excess vibration whether by internal or surface
vibrators causing segregation at any level or excess laitance on the surface, shall be avoided.
1003.14 Hand Laid PQ Concrete
Concrete shall be placed and distributed evenly between forms over the base to the thickness
indicated by means which ensure uniformity of spread and do not cause uneven compaction or
segregation of the mix. It shall be compacted with approved hand-manipulated vibrating tampers
or screeds and/or internal vibrators capable of achieving the specified compaction and strength
requirements which shall include, wherever possible, machine units similar to the self-propelled
equipment used in machine laying.
If it is necessary to adjust the mix slightly to give an increased compacting factor within the limits
specified any addition of water shall be accompanied by a corresponding increase in the cement
content in order to maintain a water/cement ratio without exceeding that specified in Clause
1002.3.
The detailed methods used for laying and compacting shall be as stated in the Contractor’s Task
Statement, and approved by the Engineer.
1003.15 Slip-Formed Concrete
The concrete shall be spread, compacted and finished in a continuous operation. The slip-form-
paving machine shall compact the concrete by means of internal vibration and shape it between
sliding side forms by means of a conforming plate. The weight and rigidity of the plate shall be

adequate to enable the concrete to be laid consistently to required levels and profiles within the
tolerances specified. The concrete shall be deposited without segregation in front of the slip-form
paver across its whole width and to a height which at all times is in excess of the required
surcharge. The deposited concrete shall be struck-off to the necessary differential surcharge by
means of a quickly adjustable strike-off plate or a screw device extending across the whole width
of the lane.
The level of the conforming plate shall be controlled automatically from the guide wire(s)
specified by sensors attached at the four corners of the slip-formpaving machine. The alignment
of the machine shall be controlled automatically by at least two sensors attached to it.
The slip-form paving machine shall have vibration of variable output to suit different concrete
mix characteristics, slab widths and thicknesses and rates of progress. The machine shall have
sufficient power and mass to maintain uniform forward movement during the placing of concrete
in all situations.
A guide wire shall be provided along each side of each lane to be laid. This may be reduced to a
single wire if the machine is working from skids on a lane already laid or with a constant crossfall
device from the one wire. Each guide wire shall be at the required finish level of the edge of the
slab, or a constant height above it, and parallel to the required line of the lane joint within a
vertical tolerance of ±3mm. Additionally, one of the wires shall be at a constant horizontal
distance from the required line of a lane joint within a lateral tolerance of ± 6mm. The guide
wires shall be supported from stakes not more than 8m apart by connectors capable of fine
vertical and horizontal adjustment. The guide wires shall be tensioned on the stakes so that a 500g
weight shall produce a deflection of not more than 20mm when suspended at the mid-point
between any pair of stakes. The ends of the guide wires shall be anchored to fixing points which
shall not be closer to the edge of the slab than the line of stakes. The ends of the guide wires shall
not be anchored to the stakes.
Finishing behind the slip-form-paving machine shall be carried out mechanically by means of a
longitudinal finishing beam. The concrete surface shall not be overworked. Hand floating shall
not be allowed, apart from the minimum to finish alongside joints. All units shall be properly
maintained and controlled by experienced operators.
1003.16 Expansion Joints
Expansion joints shall be 25mm wide as shown on the Drawing No. PIU019/ITA13/BAP/08 and
shall extend through the full depth of the slabs as on the drawing. These joints shall be preformed
against steel forms or existing concrete. When concrete is slip formed full depth saw cuts may be
used to form expansion joints.
The filler board shall extend the full depth of the slab and shall be in two sections so that the
upper part can be removed before sealing and shall be close against the form and so fixed that it is
not displaced or disturbed during subsequent concreting. A sealing groove to the depth indicated
shall be formed by removing the upper section of the filler board after the concrete has hardened,
immediately prior to sealing.
1003.17 Longitudinal Joints
For hand laying, longitudinal joints shall be straight and vertical through the full thickness of the
slab. The face of the concrete on one side of the joint shall be treated with a coat of bitumen
emulsion K1-40 BS434: Part 2, before the adjacent bay or lane is laid. Whilst the concrete is still
plastic a 3mm radius arris trowel shall be used to round the top edge of the concrete. These joints
shall be formed along the edges of bays and transversely at stop ends on cessation of work (where
an expansion joint does not occur).
1003.18 Method of Achieving Surface Accuracy
Immediately following compacting operations and the construction of any joints formed in the
plastic concrete, minor irregularities and score marks remaining in the pavement surface shall be
eliminated with scraping straight edges.
The scraping straight edges shall be 3m long blades with flexible handles long enough to reach
the other side of the slab when operated from the near side of the pavement, They shall be placed
parallel to the longitudinal edge at the side of the pavement and worked backwards and forwards
uniformly across the width of the slab. After this operation has been completed and the surface
has been brought up to the required finish, the scraping straight edges shall be moved forwardly
not more than half their length and the process repeated.
The foregoing work shall be carried out while the concrete is still plastic and workable and in
such time sequence as to ensure the removal of water or laitance from the surface. The scraping
straight edge and refloating shall continue until the entire surface:-
(i) Is free from observable departure from the scraping straight edge;
(ii) Conforms to the required falls and contours;
(iii) Will conform to the surface requirements when the concrete has hardened.
In view of the requirements for surface macro texture specified in Clause 1003.20, it is of
particular importance to ensure that the final graded surface is in a uniform condition of wetness
and that the surface is not overworked so as to produce irregular patches of laitance.
1003.19 Finished Levels and Surface Regularity

a) Surface Level
The finished surface level of the pavement shall conform to within ±6mm of the specified level.
Compliance checking shall be carried out within 3 days of placing, at the designed panel point
locations. If more than 1 in 10 levels exceed the level tolerance or if any individual level exceeds
the tolerance by more than 5mm, the Contractor shall establish the out of tolerance area and agree
corrective action with the Engineer.
b) Specified Course Thickness

The maximum acceptable departure from the specified course thickness shall be minus 0mm plus
20mm. Cores cut from the concrete pavement in accordance with Clause 1003.25 shall be used to
check compliance with this clause.
In any area of pavement, compliance shall be deemed to be met when not more than one of ten
consecutive measurements exceed the tolerance permitted provide that this one measurement
shall not exceed by more than 5mm the tolerance permitted. If the core depths fail to meet this
requirement, the Contractor shall cut 4 additional cores at 5 metre intervals along the lane in
positions symmetrical about the failed core. If all four additional cores are within the course
thickness tolerance, the pavement shall be deemed to be within specification. If at least 1 of the
additional cores fail to meet the specified tolerance the Contractor shall identify the out of
tolerance area and agree corrective action with the Engineer.
c) Surface Regularity
Tests for the surface regularity of the finished Pavement Quality Concrete shall be carried out
using the method described in Appendix 1000B within 3 days of placing the concrete.
The following minimum number of tests shall be made on each lane:-
i) one test at each longitudinal construction or expansion joint with test alignment normal to the
joint, for each 10m of such joint. The straight edge shall be positioned with 2m of its length
on the test lane and 1m on the adjacent lane. When the adjacent lane has yet to be laid, the
straight edge shall be positioned with one end on the joint line.
ii) two tests across each transverse construction or expansion joint, with test alignment normal to
the joint.
iii) two tests on the interior of the lane, one test aligned normal to and one parallel to the
longitudinal joints, for each 50m2 of surface laid.
Neither the clearance beneath the straight edge between points of contact with the surface during
test nor the calculated height of any high spot shall exceed 6mm in tests at longitudinal joints or
3mm in other test positions.

Points on the surface which fail to comply with this requirement shall be marked and the
following action taken:
i) At each failure position at a longitudinal joint, ten further tests, five in each direction, shall be
made at 1m intervals along the lane. If more than two of these additional test also fail, or if
any test, including the initial one indicates a clearance between the straight edge or calculated
high spot greater than 8mm, the length of lane bounding the failure shall be removed.
ii) At each failure position on a transverse construction or expansion joint, further tests shall be
taken at 1m intervals along the whole length of joint to determine the extent of the deficiency.
Correction by an approved grinding method and/or scoring may be allowed but, if this is not
feasible, one or both of the bays of concrete adjoining the point shall be removed.
iii) At each failure position in the interior of a lane, the straight edge shall be used within the bay
containing the failure to determine whether the failure is due to an isolated high spot. Isolated
high spots may be corrected by an approved grinding method and/or scoring. Bays containing
more than one high spot or one or more depressions which will cause water to pond shall be
removed.
If the surface regularity on two successive days’ work fails to satisfy the specified test
requirements, all concerning work shall stop until the spreading compacting and finishing
operations have been checked and the cause of failure established and corrections have been
made.
d) Edge Slump
When concrete is laid using a slip-form paver, not more than 15% of the total free edge of each
50m of pavement, or fraction thereof, shall have an edge slump exceeding 3mm and none of the
free edge of the pavement shall have an edge slump exceeding 4mm. Tests for edge slump shall
be carried out within 3 days of placing the concrete and before the infill bays are placed.
The area affected by the downward movement of the concrete along the pavement edge shall be
limited to not more than 450mm from the edge. When excessive edge slump cannot be corrected
before the concrete has hardened, the area with excessive edge slump shall be removed and
replaced.
1003.20 Texturing Of Surface
The surface of all new concrete pavement shall be roughened by brushing or combing the
finished and graded surface at right angles to the longitudinal edge in straight runs of pavement
and generally round curves and as directed where there are bays of other than rectangular shape
or where the surface falls are not at right angles to the line of laying. A “burlap” drag may be
used provided the texture depth requirements of the clause are achieved.

The surfaces shall be roughened by a method using a wire broom consisting of a broom of
600mm minimum width filled with 0.274mm by 1.25mm wide wire tapes arranged to that the flat
of the tapes is parallel with the head of the broom.
Whether the texturing is done by machine methods or by hand, care shall be taken to avoid
overlapping passes of the texturing broom or comb such that a surface already sufficiently
textured is overworked and the sharpness of the scores or grooves is deformed or the grooves
filled with laitance.
The finished surface shall have a roughly grooved appearance. The quantitative measure of the
surface macro texture shall be by the volumetric patch technique as described in BS EN 13036-1.
Three sets of five tests shall be made with a frequency of one set along each lane of concrete for
each 100m length laid, or a minimum of one set for each day’s work when this is less. The five
positions for each set of tests shall be at the centre point of each quarter of the bay on a diagonal
line drawn between opposite corners of the bay and at the intersection point of the diagonals. The
measured limits for macro texture shall be as specified in Table 1003.20.1.
Table 1003.20.1 Average Mean Macro Texture Depths
Average Mean Limits of Individual Test Limits Within

Each Set Each Set
Apron 0.5mm to 1.25mm Not more than one < 0.35mm
Not more than one >1.35mm
1003.21 Initial Curing
Immediately after the surface of the compacted concrete has been textured in accordance with
Clause 1003.20, initial curing of the exposed concrete surfaces shall begin with the application of
the approved compound specified in Clause 1001.6. The curing compound shall be handled and
applied strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Each container of curing
compound shall be agitated vigorously immediately prior to use to ensure full dispersal of the
flake aluminium within the compound The compound shall be sprayed on at a uniform rate of
spread which shall be sufficient to obtain a complete coverage of the surface and shall be at least
equal to that specified by the manufacturer on the consignment certificate. After application, the
compound shall give a continuous film of uniform thickness with an unbroken metallic finish,
free from pinholes or other imperfections, over the entire surface of the concrete.
When the concrete has been laid by means of a paving train in accordance with Clause 1003.13,
the compound shall be applied by a mechanical sprayer. This shall be arranged to span the lane
and spray while travelling longitudinally. The compound shall be continuously agitated and
mixed in its container during mechanical spraying. The nozzles shall be arranged in a manner

which will ensure a uniform coverage, free of streaks and lines, and shall be protected by an
efficient shield to prevent wind-blown losses.
Hand operated spraying equipment shall be held on site to complete the spraying of concrete
already laid in case of temporary breakdown of the mechanical sprayer. In this event, further
concreting shall cease until the Contractor provides an efficiently operating mechanical sprayer to
the satisfaction of the Engineer. When the concrete has been laid by hand in accordance with
Clause 1003.14, the use of hand operated spraying equipment will be permitted for all of the
work.
Immediately after removal of forms, exposed vertical edges shall be painted or sprayed with the
bitumen emulsion specified in Clause 1001.7. In no circumstances shall the coating extend over
any part of the surface which is to receive joint sealant or temporary filler board.
1003.22 Time Allowed For Concreting
The total time taken from the addition of water to the concrete mixture to the finishing of the slab,
including application of the initial curing membrane, shall not exceed 90 minutes for concrete
delivered in an agitator, or 45 minutes for concrete delivered in a flatbed wagon. With his tender,
the Contractor shall provide a method statement showing how compliance with this clause can be
achieved with the equipment proposed for use. The statement shall include details of the sequence
of operations commencing with addition of water at the mixer and finishing with texturing of the
concrete surface giving estimated times for each operation and an estimated overall time. The
estimates given shall be verified during the laying of the trial areas specified in Clause 1002.9.
If the time between the final emptying of one load of concrete and the arrival of the next exceeds
15 minutes, [or to 10 minutes if concrete is slip formed] the Contractor shall form a joint at this
temporary cessation of work as described in Clause 1003.17. Work shall not then start again until
the delivery of concrete returns to the required periods.
A record shall be kept by the Contractor of areas of concrete which fail to meet this requirement.
The record shall be submitted daily to the Engineer. Only a qualified acceptance of the concrete
in these areas will be given and, if directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall cut out the
concrete and replace it by the methods detailed in this Specification, at his own expense.
1003.23 Final Curing
Curing materials (e.g. polythene sheeting, quilts etc) shall be adequately secured to prevent any
encroachment onto operational surfaces.
When framed coverings are used, they shall be removed from any concrete surface by the end of
each possession period within 20m from apron edges.

The Contractor shall submit a Task Statement to the Engineer, for approval, detailing the
proposed system of protection and curing the concrete immediately after spraying.
1003.24 Contraction Grooves
Contraction grooves shall be as detailed on the Drawing No. PIU019/ITA13/BAP/08. They shall
be vertical and straight. The depth and timing of the initial saw cut shall be as approved following
the acceptance of the placement trial, though this should be reviewed during the works.
The grooves shall be sawn to a maximum width of 3mm. The grooves shall be sawn as soon as
the concrete has gained sufficient strength to prevent the surface being ripped or damaged by the
operation. The Contractor shall ensure that random cracking due to late sawing does not occur
and all sawing shall be completed within 8 hours of the concrete being finished or as directed by
the Engineer. It shall be demonstrated on the trial areas specified in Clause 1002.9 that the type of
saw and blades proposed are suitable for the intended purpose on concrete with the particular
ingredients being used. All sawn grooves shall be flushed out using a water pressure jet at the
time of sawing and shall be kept clean and free of deleterious material.
If, at any time during the course of the work, the cutting of grooves fails to meet the time limit
specified in this clause or if cracking should occur before or during saw cutting, the placing of
concrete shall cease until the difficulties have been resolved.
1003.25 Control Testing On Hardened Concrete
Control testing of hardened concrete shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. The methods of
testing concrete shall be generally in accordance with BS1881, BS EN 12504 and BS EN 12390.
Routine test results shall be reported to the Engineer within the period specified at sub paragraph
(iv) below in a format agreed with the Engineer. At the end of each calendar month the
Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a summary of all tests carried out, in PC compatible MS
Excel spreadsheet format on CD-Rom, bearing an appropriately worded label. The label shall
bear the name of the Airport, Contract Title (and number, where given) and date.
The testing regime to be undertaken is described below and in Table 1003.25.1. Approval criteria
for concrete strength are as contained in Table 1003.25.2.
The following tests shall be made regularly at intervals not less frequent than those specified.
Particular attention shall be given at all times to the use of methods whereby concrete batches,
from which test beams have been made or other samples have been taken, can be accurately
located in the finished work.

(i) Full depth cores not less than 150mm diameter shall be cut where and when required for
testing in the clauses that follow, with a substantial core-cutting machine capable of cutting
cores, which are straight sided and perpendicular to the surface of the pavement. Cores
shall be cut between 3 and 7 days after concreting and placed immediately in a water bath
at the same condition as the beams. Each core shall be referenced with a unique number,
which shall be clearly painted on both core and pavement. Cores shall be sawn horizontally
at mid depth. Where trimming is necessary this shall be kept to a minimum. The Contractor
shall report the density of all cores, which shall be tested at 28 days (or sooner) from final
finishing of the PQC slab.
(ii) The Contractor shall test and report on full depth cores. Records shall be made of all tests
of whichever kind and copies shall be forwarded to the Engineer not later 12 hours after
testing.
(iii) If any core shows honeycombing or excess voidage greater than 5% as defined in
BS1881:Part 120, or if the average compressive strength of the top and bottom halves of
any individual core falls below the estimated cube compressive strength at 28 days
specified in Sub-Clause 11.7.2 or the difference in strength between the top and bottom
halves of the core is greater than 15% of the mean of the two results in accordance with
BS1881 the Contractor shall cut not less than 3 further cores to determine the extent of
unsatisfactory concrete. The cores shall be cut, capped and tested immediately following a
failure of a previously cut core to attain the required strength. Any bay from which two of
the four cores fail to reach the estimated cube compressive strength at 28 days specified in
Sub-Clause 11.7.2 or which are not the minimum thickness specified or which show
honeycomb or excess voidage greater than 5% shall be regarded as unsatisfactory and shall
be removed and replaced.
(iv) Two additional cores shall be cut from each adjacent bay in that day’s production to
identify the extent of defective concrete.
(v) In addition to the removal and replacement of any concrete deemed to be defective, the mix
may require to be adjusted to overcome shortcomings in compaction, strength
requirements, the presence of honeycombing, etc.
Table 1003.25.1 Site Control Testing During Routine Production
Test Ref Standard Minimum Frequency For Each

Working Day
Core Density, Strength, BS EN 12504-1. As Minimum 2 full depth daily or 1
Excess Voidage and Clause 11.16.2 per 150m3. Not less than 150mm
diameter and sawn mid depth
Thickness
Surface Macro Texture BS EN 13036-1 As per Clause 11.17

Surface Levels As Clause 11.16.1 Within 3 days of placing concrete

Edge Slump As Clause 11.16.4 Within 3 days of placing concrete
Surface Regularity As Clause 11.16.3 Within 3 days of placing concrete
Table 1003.25.2 Pavement Quality Concrete: Strength Approval Criteria
Parameter Stage Requirement

Estimated Cube Compressive Placement Minimum strength of at least
Strength from cores to BS EN Trial/Works 26N/mm2 from an averaged core
12504-1 See Clause 11.12 result. Mean strength of at least
30N/mm2 from four consecutive
and Table 4.6
averaged core results.
1003.26 Sealing of Expansion Joints
The upper section of filler board specified in Clause 1003.16 shall be carefully removed.
The exposed inside faces of the concrete along these sealing slots shall be scoured with a power
driven rotary wire brush until all loose fractions have been dislodged. Scouring shall be carried
out with care to ensure that the arrises are not damaged.
Each joint shall then be inspected to ensure that the filler is exposed for the whole length of the
joint and that concrete does not intrude into gaps between or at the ends of lengths of filler board.
Any deficiency shall be corrected with concrete saws, with blades suitably set to cut the full
width and, if necessary, the full depth of the joint.
Each joint shall be prepared in accordance with the methods described in Clauses 4.1 and 4.2.2 to
4.2.5 inclusively of BS 2499: Part 2 (for hot applied joint sealing compound) or BS 5212: Part 2
(for cold applied joint sealing compound). Additional joint filler and/or bond breaker tape shall be
placed in accordance with Clause 4.3 of BS 2499: Part 2 or BS 5212: Part 2.
Each joint shall then be primed in accordance with the methods described in Clause 4.4 of BS
2499: Part 2 or Clause 5 of BS 5212: Part 2. The primer shall be as specified in Clause 1001.8 of
this Specification.
The joint sealing compound specified in Clause 1001.8 of this Specification shall be applied in
accordance with the methods described in Clause 5 of BS 2499: Part 2 or Clause 2 of BS 5212:
Part 2. Any overflow or spillage onto the surface of the concrete shall be removed.
Site testing shall be carried out in accordance with Clause 6 of BS 2499: Part 2 or Clause 7 of BS
5212: Part 2.
1003.27 Sealing of Construction Joints and Contraction Grooves
Construction joints and contraction grooves shall be widened, prepared and sealed in accordance
with this specification and as detailed on the relevant design drawings.
After completion of the curing as specified in Clause 1003.23, concrete saws with diamond tipped
blades shall be used to form slots for sealing at the tops of construction joints and contraction
grooves. Each slot shall be 13 mm (+3, -0 mm) wide and shall be of sufficient depth to allow a
minimum sealant depth of 15 mm for cold applied or 20 mm for hot applied sealing compound
(or the minimum sealant depth specified by the manufacturer, if this is greater) with the top of the
seal finished 5 mm below the pavement surface. An accurate method of guidance approved by the
Engineer on the basis of its performance on the trial areas specified in Clause 1002.9 shall be
used to ensure that the edges of the slots are parallel and straight.
Each slot shall be prepared for sealing in the manner specified for expansion joints in Clause
1003.26. In contraction grooves, the top of the groove below each slot shall then be plugged with
closed cell polyethylene foam or inert caulking cord. If recommended by the manufacturer of the
sealing compound, a bond breaking tape shall be placed at the base of each slot. The slots shall
then be primed and sealed in the manner specified for expansion joints in Clauses 1003.26.
Site testing shall be carried out in accordance with Clause 6 of BS 2499: Part 2 or Clause 7 of BS
5212: Part 2.
1003.28 Traffic on Finished Concrete
Except for the saws required to comply with Clause 1003.24 and the coring rigs required to
comply with Clauses 1003.26 and 1002.9, the concrete shall not be subjected to traffic or other
loads for at least 7 days after laying. Then, and only subject to the approval of the Engineer, the
concrete shall be used by the minimum of equipment essential for continuing the work. Traffic
shall only run on the new concrete when no other means of access is possible to areas being laid
later.
Metal wheels shall not be allowed to run on the new concrete at any time. The flanged wheels
used on spreading, compacting and finishing equipment when running on the form rails shall be
replaced by rubber tyred wheels when they are run on the concrete.
Protection of the finished concrete shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. Precautions shall
be taken to prevent damage to the edges, marking of the surface or chipping of the joint or groove
arrises. Any damage or defacement shall be made good by the methods and to the standards of
this Specification.

1003.29 Filling Core Holes
All holes from which cores have been cut shall be thoroughly cleaned and filled with well
compacted Pavement Quality concrete. Cores shall be filled such that the finished surface of the
hardened concrete is flush with the adjacent concrete. The concrete shall be brushed to match the
adjacent finish.
1003.30 Cutting Out And Replacing Concrete
New Pavement Quality Concrete which has been condemned by the Engineer shall be removed
within three days of the Contractor being notified of the condemnation.
When the concrete is cut out, it shall be removed for the full depth of the slab. The area to be cut
out shall extend across the full width of the lane between longitudinal construction joints. When
the concrete bays are less than 4.5m square, or equivalent area, or have an irregular shape as
defined in Clause 1003.7, the whole bay shall be removed. When the bays are 4.5m square or
larger, a half bay only may be removed, providing the half bay which will remain is free of
defects. The whole bay shall be “quartered” by saw cut contraction grooves at the midpoint of the
remaining half bay and the new half bay. No saw cut shall extend to the adjoining bay. The use of
half bay replacements shall be restricted to outer and/or less-heavily trafficked areas.
The bay or section to be removed shall be defined on three or four sides by expansion or
construction joints or contraction grooves. When only three sides are so defined, the additional
side shall be marked out by a straight saw cut at least 40 mm deep. The leg of a length of rolled
steel angle, wrapped in hessian or other shock absorbing material, shall be carefully tamped into
this new saw cut and into existing contraction grooves to cover and protect the arrises of
adjoining concrete during drilling and breaking out. A rotary percussion drill with cruciform bit
shall be used to drill a row of full depth holes at 75mm centres within the area to be removed
adjacent to the new saw cut and each existing contraction groove. The bay or section shall then be
broken out with care, beginning by use of percussion chisels or feather wedges to remove the
concrete between the drill holes. The exposed edges of the adjoining bays or sections shall be
trimmed to vertical and reasonably fair faces.
With the approval of the Engineer, full depth saw cuts may be used instead of drilling and
wedging. No saw cut shall extend to the adjoining bay.
The edges of the concrete slabs adjacent to the area cut out shall be examined when removal and
trimming have been completed. If damage or fractures are discovered, an additional area of
concrete shall be cut out by the means specified in this Clause until only sound concrete remains.
Before replacing the concrete, the separation layer and the joint filler board in any expansion
joints present shall be replaced. Pavement Quality Concrete shall then be laid, in accordance with
the requirements of this Specification, to replace that removed.
1003.31 Cracks In New Concrete
If a crack of any kind occurs in the concrete before the area is handed over to the Airport for
operational use, the Engineer shall define the bays condemned because of cracking and the
Contractor shall cut out and replace these bays.
1004 TEST RESULTS
The Contractor shall be responsible for having all testing carried out in accordance with the
requirements of this part of the Specification and shall provide the Engineer with a written copy
of all results at the first reasonable opportunity but not later than 2 working days after completion
of each test. Testing shall be started on specimens within 2 working days of sampling and shall be
carried out in an expeditious manner.
1004.1 Tests for Initial Approval Of Materials
(i) Before mixing starts the Contractor shall have carried out those tests required to determine
the properties and grading of the aggregates (See Clause 1001.1) for comparison with the
relevant specification clauses as listed below:
 Course Aggregate (Clause 1001.1(b).
Test Reference
Sieve Analysis BS EN 933-1
Soundness Value Appendix A
Flakiness Index BS EN 933-3
Resistance to Fragmentation (Los Angeles Coeff.) BS EN 1097-2
Fines Content BS EN 933-1
 Fine aggregate (Clause 1001.1(c).
Test Reference
Sieve Analysis BS EN 933-1
Soundness Value Appendix 4A
Fines Content BS EN 933-1
(ii) In addition, the Contractor shall submit the appropriate certificates for:
 cement (see Clause 1001.2)

 water (if necessary – see Clause 1001.3)

 Admixture (see Clause 1001.4)

 joint filler (see Clause 1001.5)
 curing compound for exposed surfaces (see Clause 1001.6)
 curing liquids for vertical faces (see Clause 1001.7)
 joint sealing compound (see Clause 1001.8)
1004.2 Routine Tests on Bulk Supplies throughout Plant Mixing
(i) The Quality Assurance procedures for the supply of component materials shall include
carrying out tests in order to check on the consistency of bulk supplies, to compare the
properties and gradings of bulk supplies with the samples provided and to enable actions to
be taken to cope with variations. The tests should include the following:
Test Clause Reference

Sieve analysis of aggregates 3.2.3 (i) BS EN 933-1
Fines content of aggregates 3.2.3 (ii) BS EN 933-1
Chloride ion content in aggregates 3.2.3 (iii) BS EN 1744-1
Moisture content in aggregates 3.2.4 (iii) BS EN 1097-5
Loss on ignition of cement 3.2.1 (iii) BS EN 196-2
(ii) If the result of any test indicates that the bulk deliveries are not of a grading or quality
consistent with the approved samples, the Contractor shall, at his own expense, carry out
further tests to establish the location and extent to which the materials already stockpiled
fail to meet the approved standard and, if stored on site, shall remove all material
condemned by the Engineer for this reason from the airfield.
1004.3 Routine Tests on Plant throughout Plant Mixing
The Contractor shall arrange for checks on the calibration of weighing, water measuring and
admixture dispensing mechanisms to be checked before mixing starts and at specified intervals
during production (see Clause 1003.5).
1004.4 Routine Tests on Concrete throughout Plant Mixing
The Contractor shall carry out the tests specified in Clause 1002.8 and 1003.11. The procedure
shall ensure that the positions of concrete batches from which test samples are taken are fully
traceable in the finished pavement.

1004.5 Routine Tests on Hardened Concrete
The Contractor shall undertake the series of tests on hardened concrete incorporated in the Works
necessary to comply with specification Clause 1003.25.
1004.6 Certificates throughout The Work
Throughout the course of the work, the Contractor shall submit certificates for all consignments
of the following:
 cement (see Clause 1001.2)

 curing compounds for exposed surfaces (see Clause 1001.6)
 curing liquids for vertical faces (see Clause 1001.7)
 joint sealing compounds (see Clause 1001.8).
1004.7 Additional Tests on Materials
The Contractor shall make the necessary arrangements for check tests to be made on any of the
materials specified for compliance with the requirements of the appropriate clause and the British
Standard test requirements applicable to the clause if called upon to do so by the Engineer either
before mixing starts or at any time during the work.
APPENDIX 1000A – SOUNDNESS TEST
A. 1 Scope
This Appendix specifies a procedure extending the method in BS EN 1367-2 for assessing the
soundness of aggregate when subjected to the cyclic action of immersion in magnesium sulphate,
followed by oven drying, to all fractions.
A. 2 Apparatus and Reagents
Apparatus and reagents as detailed in BS EN 1367-2, Clauses 7 and 8, (except that the balance for
course aggregate, sub-Clause 6.2, to be accurate to 1 g) together with:
 40 mm, 20 mm, 10mm and 6.3 mm sized square hole perforated plate test sieves and 2 mm, 1
mm, 0.500 mm and 0.250 mm sized woven wire test sieves; the additional test sieves shall
comply with BS EN 933-2; and

 at least two brass or stainless steel mesh baskets for immersing aggregate specimens for
fractions other than 10 mm to 14 mm with the maximum dimension of the apertures not more
than half the maximum aperture of the sieve on which the specimen is retained, but not less
than 0.125 mm.
A. 3 Preparation of Test Portions
1. Bulk samples from each size of aggregate being delivered from each source of supply to be
used shall be tested separately and the procedure described hereafter shall be applied to each
separate sample.
2. Prepare two test portions from the bulk samples of each aggregate supplied as in BS EN
1367-2, Clauses 8.1 and 8.2, replacing “minimum mass of 500 g of the 10 mm to 14 mm
size” in Clause 8.1 by the relevant masses from Tables A.1 and A.2.
A. 4 Preparation Of Fine Aggregate Test Specimens For Each Fraction
1. The particle size distribution of the test portion shall be determined by the washing and
sieving method described in BS EN 933-1 using the 10 mm, 6.3 mm, 2 mm, 1mm, 0.500 mm
and 0.250 mm sieves. The particle size distribution shall be recorded giving the percentage of
the mass of the test portion retained between each pair of sieves, together with that passing
the 0.250 mm sieve, to the nearest whole number.
2. The fraction passing the 0.250 mm sieve, together with those fractions retained whose
proportions are less than 5 % by mass of the test portion, shall be discarded. Nevertheless, the
proportions that the discarded fractions represent shall be taken into account in the calculation
of the test result.
3. One test specimen, of mass in accordance with Table A.1, shall be taken out of each fraction
retained after completion of sub-Clause A.4.2. If there is insufficient material in any of these
fractions to provide a test specimen of the required size, the procedure shall be repeated
starting from sub-Clause A.3.2. The particle size distribution recorded shall be that obtained
from all the material sieved out.
Table A.1: Required Mass Of Fine Aggregate Test Specimens

BS Sieves Mass of specimen
Passing Retained before test (g)
10 mm 6.3 mm 300 + 10 / - 0
6.3 mm 2 mm 100 + 10 / - 0
2 mm 1 mm 100 + 10 / - 0
1 mm 0.500 mm 100 + 10 / - 0
0.500 mm 0.250 mm 100 + 10 / - 0

A. 5 Preparation of Course Aggregate Test Specimens for Each Fraction
1. The particle size distribution of the test portion shall be determined by the dry sieving method
described in Clause 8.3 of BS EN 1367-2 using the 40 mm, 20mm, 10 mm, 6.3 mm, 2 mm
and 1 mm sieves. The fractions retained on the 20 mm sieve and passing the 1 mm sieve shall
be discarded and not taken into account in the calculation of the test result. The remainder of
the reduced sample shall be considered as the test portion. The particle size distribution shall
be recorded giving the percentage of the mass of the test portion retained between each pair
of sieves to the nearest whole number.
2. Those fractions retained whose proportions are less than 5 % by mass of the test portion shall
be discarded. Nevertheless, the proportions that the discarded fractions represent shall be
taken into account in the calculation of the test result.
3. One test specimen, of mass in accordance with Table A.2, shall be taken out of each fraction
retained after completion of sub-Clause A.5.2. If there is insufficient material in any of these
fractions to provide a test specimen of the required size, the procedure shall be repeated
starting from sub-Clause A.3.2. The particle size distribution recorded shall be that obtained
from all the material sieved out.
Table A.2: Required Mass of Course Aggregate Test Specimen

BS Sieves Mass of specimen
Passing Retained before test (g)
40 mm 20 mm 1500 ± 50
20 mm 10 mm 1000 ± 10
10 mm 6.3 mm 300 + 10 / - 0
6.3 mm 2 mm 100 + 10 / - 0
2 mm 1 mm 100 + 10 / - 0
A. 6 Procedure
Procedure for each test specimen as in BS EN 1367-2, Clause 9, replacing “10 mm sieve” in
Clause 9.6 by the sieve relevant to the lower size of the aggregate fraction.
A. 7 Calculation And Expression of Test Results
1. Calculate the magnesium sulphate value of each test specimen as in BS EN 13672, Clause
10.1, replacing “10 mm sieve” by the sieve relevant to the lower size of the aggregate
fraction.
2. Fractions not tested because they represent less than 5 % by mass of the test portion shall be
assumed to have a magnesium sulphate value equivalent to:
(a) the mean of the magnesium sulphate value found by the tests on specimens of the two
fractions immediately adjacent to it in size; or
(b) the magnesium sulphate value found by the test on a specimen of the fraction, either
larger or smaller, immediately adjacent to it if only one of these fractions were tested; or
(c) the mean magnesium sulphate value found by the tests on specimens of the two fractions
next but one adjacent to it if both these fractions were tested and the adjacent fractions
were not; or
(d) the magnesium sulphate value found by the test on a specimen of the fraction, either
larger or smaller, in this order of priority, most nearly adjacent to it.
3. For samples of fine aggregate, the material passing the 0.250 mm sieve shall not be tested but
shall be taken as having a magnesium sulphate value equivalent to that of the specimen
passing the 0.500 mm sieve but retained on the 0.250 mm sieve.
4. The magnesium sulphate value of each test portion of aggregate shall be the sum of the
magnesium sulphate values found for each aggregate fraction times the proportion by mass of
that fraction in the test portion.
5. The magnesium sulphate value for the aggregate shall be the mean of the two results for the
test portions to the nearest whole number. The magnesium sulphate value for each fraction of
the aggregate shall be the mean of the magnesium sulphate values for the two results for the
test specimens to one decimal place.
(NOTE. A suitable worksheet (with two examples, one fine aggregate and one course aggregate)
is shown on the following pages.)
A. 8 Precision
As in BS EN 1367-2, Annex A.
A. 9 Test Report
As in BS EN 1367-2, Clause 11, together with the magnesium sulphate value and the individual
magnesium sulphate values of the two specimens for each aggregate fraction tested.

A. 10 Example A.1

Notes:
1. Less than 5 % by mass of total sample, no test specimen.
2. Taken as equivalent to that for 6.3mm to 2mm size under sub-Clause A.7.2, indent (b).
A. 11 Example A.2

Notes:
1. Less than 5 % by mass of total sample, no test specimen.
2. Taken as equivalent to that for 6.3mm to 2mm size under sub-Clause A.7.2, indent (b).
3. No test but mass loss taken as equivalent to that for 0.500 mm to 0.250 mm size under sub-
Clause A.7.3.
APPENDIX 1000B – STRAIGHTEDGE TEST
A. 1 Scope
This Appendix describes the method that shall be followed to determine the surface accuracy of
pavement quality concrete in this Specification.
A. 2 Apparatus
1. The straightedge for the tests shall be purpose made and 3 m long. It shall have a flat square
edge of metal, at least 75 mm wide, along the full length of its base. The straightedge shall be
fitted with lifting hand grips or handles.
2. A calibrated wedge may be used to determine the straightedge clearance. The wedge should
have an angle of 5.75° ± 0.05°, and engraved at 10 mm intervals across the incline, starting at
the apex, representing clearances increasing in 1 mm intervals up the incline.
A. 3 Procedure
1. The straightedge shall be placed unsupported on the surface, anywhere in any direction, other
than across the crown of a camber or across a drainage channel. The location shall be selected
by the Engineer or his representative, and the tests shall be carried out in his presence.
2. Twenty tests shall be made for every 1000 m² laid and at least half of these tests shall be
across lane joints.
3. The Contractor shall mark with white paint all areas which fail to comply with the specified
requirement.
APPENDIX 1000C – TESTS FOR MANUFACTURED JOINT FILLERS
A. 1 Scope
The various tests described in this Appendix cover procedures to be followed to determine the
resistance of manufactured joint fillers to freezing and thawing cycles and their ability to recover
without shape loss after compression.
A. 2 Samples
The tests shall be carried out on 115 mm x 115 mm specimens cut from representative samples.
The specimens shall be prepared to an accuracy of ± 2.5 mm with cleanly cut edges. When more
than one thickness of filler is required in the joints, the test shall be carried out on specimens of
each thickness. The thickness of the specimens shall be accurately measured.
A. 3 Weathering Test
1. At least 4 specimens of each thickness shall be dried in a ventilated oven at a temperature of

55 °C ± 5 °C for 7 days, after which they shall immediately be immersed in water at room
temperature of between 16 °C and 21 °C for 24 hours. They shall then be subjected to 5
cycles of freezing and thawing in the following manner.
2. The specimens shall be placed in a watertight weathering test pan having a ribbed bottom and
a fitted slotted lid designed to hold test specimens vertically on edge while allowing free flow
of water around all the faces of each specimen. The pan shall be filled with water to half the
depth of the specimens and then frozen to -7°C or below and retained at this temperature for
at least 4 hours after the initial freezing of the water. The pan shall then be placed in a water
bath maintained at 18 °C to 38 °C without disturbing the specimens and shall remain there for
one hour after thawing has completed. The pan and specimens shall then be returned to the
refrigerator and freezing and thawing shall be repeated in precisely the same manner until 5
cycles of the process have been completed. The specimens shall be removed from the pan and
air dried at room temperature for 48 hours before examination.
3. The material shall be deemed to have passed the Weathering Test if all specimens are free
from signs of disintegration or shrinkage.
A. 4 Compression And Recovery Test
1. Two of the specimens of each thickness which have passed the Weathering Test and two new
specimens shall each be trimmed to 100 mm x 100 mm to an accuracy of ± 0.5 mm. Each of
these shall be subjected to 3 applications of load at 24 hour intervals in a compression test
machine complying with BS EN ISO 7500-1, with auxiliary plattens 100 mm square and a
minimum of 13 mm thick. During each application of load, each specimen shall be
compressed to 50% of its original thickness at a rate of strain of 1.3 mm/minute. The pressure
to attain this compression shall not be less than 0.7 N/mm² nor more than 10 N/mm². The
load shall be released immediately the required degree of compression is reached and after
the third application a recovery period of 30 minutes shall be allowed after which the
thickness of the specimen shall be measured.
2. This thickness, expressed as a percentage of the original thickness, is the Recovery Value of
the specimen. The thicknesses shall be measured to an accuracy of 25 microns. The 2 new
specimens shall be weighed before and after testing. The difference in mass shall be
determined with an accuracy of 0.1 % and shall be expressed as a percentage of the original
mass of the specimen.
3. The material shall be deemed to have passed the Compression and Recovery Test if all 4
4. specimens have Recovery Values of at least 70 % and neither of the two new specimens has.
5. suffered a reduction in mass in excess of 1 %.
A. 5 Extrusion Test
1. Two other specimens of each thickness which have passed the Weathering Test shall be
trimmed to 100 mm x 100 mm to an accuracy of ± 0.5 mm and subjected to the following
extrusion test.
2. The extrusion mould shall be 100 mm x 100 mm (+ 0.5 mm, -0) internally, of sufficient depth
to test the sample as received, open on one side only and fixed rigidly to a base plate. The
mould shall be fitted with a closely fitting pressure plate, which shall fit without binding, and
with an accurate horizontal measuring dial gauge or measuring device accurate to 25 microns.
The specimen shall be mounted in the extrusion mould and loaded once as described in the
compression and recovery test. The extrusion at the open side of the mould shall be measured
with the gauge when the specimen is compressed to 50 % of its original thickness and before
release of the load.
3. The material shall be deemed to have passed the Extrusion Test if, on both samples, the
extrusion of the free edge does not exceed 6 mm.
A. 6 Immersion Test For Self-Expanding Cork Filler Board
1. Two specimens each 115 mm x 115 mm ± 2.5 mm shall be prepared and the thickness of
each specimen shall be determined to the nearest 25 microns before the specimens are
immersed in boiling water for at least one hour. After removal from the boiling water the
specimens shall be allowed to cool to room temperature and after 15 minutes at this
temperature their thicknesses shall be re-measured to the nearest 25 microns.
2. The material shall be deemed to have passed the Immersion Test if both specimens have a
thickness of not less than 140 % of their thickness before immersion.
A. 7 Acid Test For Resin-Bonded Filler Boards
1. Two specimens each 115 mm x 115 mm ± 2.5 mm shall be immersed in hydrochloric acid of
specific gravity 1.18 at room temperature. The acid shall then be brought to the boil and
maintained thus for one hour when the specimens shall be removed and rinsed in water.
2. The material shall be deemed to have passed the Acid Test when after examination neither of
the specimens shows any evidence of loss of resilience, friability or evidence of
disintegration. Discoloration or minor swelling shall not be considered as failure.
Appendix 1000D – Scraping Straightedge
PART 1700: STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
1701 GENERAL
i) Concrete shall generally be to BS 8500 and shall be obtained from an approved supplier.
ii) Where the Contractor proposes to use his, or hired, batching plant to produce the concrete,
this plant must be operated to a quality assurance scheme that is acceptable to the Engineer.
iii) On-site batching plants shall be located in areas that do not infringe height and noise
restrictions and shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer. The Contractor is to submit
details of the plant to the Engineer, if he wishes to use an on-site batching plant.
1701 MATERIALS
1701.1 Concrete Grades
The various grades of concrete required for the work are given in Table 1701.1.
1701.2 Maximum Aggregate Size
See Table 6.1
1701.3 Minimum Cement Content
The minimum cement should be in accordance with Table 8 of BS 8500: Part 2.
Table 1701.1 Specified requirements for concrete mixes

Mix designation C10 C15 C20 C25 C30 C35
Cement to BS 12 12 12 12 12 12
Aggregates to BS 882 882 882 882 882 882
Maximum Aggregate size (mm) 40 40 40 20 20 20
3
Minimum cement content (kg/m ) 200 200 240 300 325 325
Maximum free water/cement ratio 0.6 0.6 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55
3
Maximum cement content (kg/m ) N/A N/A N/A N/A 360 360
Slump (mm) 75 75 75 75 75 75
Air content (%) 0 0 0 0 0 0

o
Maximum temperature ( C) 30 30 30 30 30 30
o
Minimum temperature ( C) 5 5 5 5 5 5
3
Minimum density (kg/m ) 2,350 2,350 2,350 2,350 2,350 2,350
3
Sampling frequency (m /sample) 50 50 50 15 15 15
1701.4 Maximum Free Water/Cement Ratio
The maximum free water/cement ratio should be in accordance with Table 7 of BS 8500: Part 2.
1701.5 Aggregate Types
Aggregates shall comply with BS EN 12620 Aggregates for Concrete.
In addition, the aggregates should have the following properties over and above BS EN 12620
requirements:
i) Flakiness index not exceeding 30, when tested according to BS812.
ii) The concrete drying shrinkage value shall not be greater than 0.06% when tested in
accordance with BS EN 1367-4: 1998 Test for thermal and weathering properties of
aggregates.
iii) Acid soluble sulphate content to BS812: Part 188 should not exceed the limits stated in BS
EN 206 and BS8110.
iv) Chloride content should not exceed values stated in BS EN 206-1.
The Contractor is to supply data to the Engineer, giving evidence of the aggregate's compliance to
BS EN 12620, the above property requirements, and the source of the aggregate before their use
in the Works.
Aggregates from marine or estuarine sources shall be used only with prior approval from the
Engineer.
Aggregates shall not contain harmful impurities such as iron pyrites, coal, mica, shale, or similar
laminated materials.
Aggregates shall consist of naturally occurring sand or rock or crushed or as a combination

thereof, and shall be hard, durable, clean and free from adhering coatings such as clay. All gravel
aggregates, including "all-in-aggregate" shall be washed.
The aggregate shall not be susceptible to attack by alkalis originating from the cement or other
sources. The Contractor shall satisfy the Engineer, that his choice of aggregates take this Alkali-
Silica Reaction into account. Suitable precautions to be undertaken are contained in BS 8500:
Part 2.
1701.6 Cement
Unless otherwise stated, the cement shall comply with one of the following:
a) BS EN 197-1 (Ordinary Portland Cement or Rapid Hardening Portland Cement)
b) BS EN 197-4 (Portland blastfurnace cements)
c) BS 4027 (Sulphate resisting cements)
d) BS EN 197-1 (Portland pulverised-fuel ash cement), provided that the amount of PFA is not
less than 15% nor more than 35% by weight of total cement.
e) A mixture of BS EN 197-1 (Ordinary Portland Cement) and BS3892: Part 1 (pulverised-fuel

ash for use in structural concrete), provided the amount of PFA does not exceed that stated in
(d) above.
f) A mixture of BS EN 197-1 (Ordinary Portland Cement) and BS6699 (ground granulated blast
furnace slag for use with Portland cement), provided the amount of ggbs is not more than
65% by weight of total cement.
Details of the source and type of cement shall be provided to the Engineer prior to its use.
1701.7 Water
Water shall be in accordance with Clause 1001.3 of this Specification.
1701.8 Admixtures
Admixtures shall comply with Clause 1001.4 of this Specification.
1701.9 Consistence
The consistence of the fresh concrete should be such that it is suitable for handling, placing and
compacting around the reinforcement and completely fills the formwork.
Suitable values of consistence are given in Clause 4.2 of BS 8500: Part 1.
The consistence of the concrete shall be tested for each batch unless otherwise instructed by the
Engineer.
1701.10 Concrete Ratios
At the commencement of the Contract, the Contractor shall submit for approval to the Engineer
sieve analyses of fine and course aggregate if applicable, together with the ratios of course to fine
aggregates, cement to combined aggregates, and water/cement ratios that are proposed to be used
in the mix.
Any alterations to the approved ratios may only be made with the written permission of the
Engineer.
1702 COMPLIANCE WITH SPECIFIED REQUIREMENTS
1702.1 General
Compliance with specified requirements shall be in accordance with BS 8500. Methods of testing
shall be to BS1881, BS EN 1230 and BS EN 12390 unless noted otherwise.
1702.2 Strength Testing
The sampling of each grade of concrete being placed shall be as follows, unless otherwise
instructed by the Engineer:
Use of Concrete Random Sample Every

Reinforced Concrete 20 cu m; or 20 batches
Mass Concrete 50 cu m; or 50 batches
Each grade of Concrete shall be sampled on every day that it is placed, even if the amount of
concrete placed is less than that indicated in the above table.
1702.3 Failure to Meet Specified Requirements
Any failure of the concrete to meet the specified requirements shall be brought to the immediate
attention of the Engineer. The Engineer will decide whether to accept or reject the concrete in the
structure after an inspection, or the results of tests on core samples cut from the concrete, or the
results of load tests. The core sampling, core tests and load tests shall be carried out by an
independent testing authority and the results shall be supplied, if he wishes, to the Engineer for
consideration. Where the Engineer rejects the concrete, it shall be removed and replaced.
1703 REINFORCEMENT MATERIALS
1703.1 Generally
The Contractor shall notify the Engineer in writing the source of reinforcement prior to work
starting. Reinforcement shall generally be in accordance with BS8110: Part 1, Section 7 except
where otherwise described.
1703.2 Quality Assurance
All steel reinforcement used in the works shall be obtained from firms holding a valid certificate
of approval for the manufacture and/or fabrication of steel reinforcement issued by the relevant
Authority.
1703.3 Certificates
Prior to approval the Contractor shall provide copies of the manufacturer's certificates of test
results relating to the steel reinforcement to be supplied, and shall additionally provide
independent test results obtained from an approved laboratory. The Engineer may instruct
samples for testing from each consignment of reinforcement delivered to the site.
Steel reinforcement shall be stored in an approved manner above ground, at a location covered by
a concrete ground slab, under cover and racked as necessary for protection from aggressive
elements. Canvas or similar covers shall be provided for the reinforcing bars to prevent the
deposit and accumulation of deleterious materials on the bars. Similar provision shall be made to
cover the bars in the reinforcement bending area.
1703.4 Materials
1. Mild steel bars shall conform to BS4449 designated as Type "R" on drawing and bending
schedules.
2. High-yield bars shall be either:-
 Hot rolled high-yield ribbed deformed bars of round section conforming to BS4449, or
 Cold worked high-yield deformed bars of round section conforming to BS4449. All high
yield bars shall have a Type II surface.
3. Fabric reinforcement shall be welded hard drawn steel wire fabric conforming to BS4483.
4. Indented structural fabric shall conform to BS4483.
5. Tying devices shall be:-
 Black annealed mild steel wire of 1.6mm (16 gauge), or

 Rustproof binding wire approved by the Engineer for exposed faces or
 Proprietary ties approved by the Engineer.
1704 BATCHING, MIXING AND PLACING OF CONCRETE
1704.1 Batching and Mixing
Batching and Mixing shall be carried out in accordance with BS 8500: Part 2. All constituents of
the concrete shall be thoroughly mixed. Admixtures shall be uniformity distributed throughout
the batch.
On cessation of work, including any stoppage exceeding 30 minutes, the mixers and all handling
plant shall be thoroughly cleaned. The first batch through the mixer shall contain an appropriate
amount of additional quantity of cement to be agreed with the Engineer. Mixing plants shall be
thoroughly cleaned before changing from one type of cement to another.
1704.2 Transporting of Concrete
The transport of concrete shall be carried as described in BS 8500: Part 2 to ensure that at the
point of deposit the concrete is of the correct quality of consistency. Water shall not be added to
the mix after the concrete has left the mixer. The Contractor shall provide, to the satisfaction of
the Engineer, a system whereby each consignment of concrete can be readily identified. The
system shall include the items listed in BS 8500 Part 2 for ready-mixed concrete delivery tickets.
1704.3 Placing of Concrete
The placing and compaction of concrete in its final position shall be carried out as soon as
practicable after mixing. Concrete shall not be placed in any part of the structure until the forms,
staging and reinforcement are as specified. Spaces to be occupied by concrete shall be clean and
free from standing water. All concrete pours are to be approved by the Engineer.
Concrete, when deposited, shall have a temperature of not less than 50C and not more than 300C.
Fresh concrete shall not be placed against in-situ concrete that has been in position for more than
30 minutes unless a construction joint is formed. (See Clause 1706).
Where concrete is to be placed directly against the surface of the excavation, all softened material
and debris shall be removed from contact surface which shall be made dry, clean and firm, and in
the case of reinforced concrete sections, protected with a layer of 1000g polythene sheeting. If the
contact surfaces have become softened due to delay in placing the concrete or to any other cause,
they shall again be excavated to firm material and trimmed as directed immediately before the
concrete is placed. Care shall be taken during placing of concrete to prevent earth or any other
deleterious matter being mixed with the concrete.
Concrete shall not be dropped from a height exceeding 2m or as directed by the Engineer to avoid
segregation, undesirable finish or defective structural quality. When flexible chutes are used they
shall be kept free from coatings of hardened concrete.
At least 14 days prior to commencement of concreting the Contractor is to submit to the Engineer
for approval his proposals for the sequence of placing concrete and the positions of horizontal
construction joints where they differ from those shown on the details.
1704.4 Depositing Concrete Under Water
Concrete, except for cofferdam seals, shall not be deposited under water except with the approval
of the Engineer and under his immediate supervision. The method of placing concrete under
water shall be as hereinafter described.
Concrete deposited under water shall be Class A concrete with 10 percent excess cement. No
extra payment will be allowed for the excess cement used. To prevent segregation, the concrete
shall be carefully placed in a compact mass, in its final position, by means of a tremie, a bottom
dump bucket or other approved method, and shall not be disturbed after being deposited. Still
water shall be maintained at the point of deposit. Pumping shall be discontinued while depositing
foundation concrete if it results in a flow of water inside the forms. The Contractor may submit
for consideration the use of an appropriate additive to reduce the need for the excess cement.
Care shall be exercised to prevent the formation of laitance. Concrete shall not be deposited until
any laitance which may have formed on concrete previously placed has been removed. The use of
aluminum pipes for depositing concrete will not be allowed.
For parts of structures under water, concrete seals shall be placed continuously from start to
finish. As many tremies or dump buckets shall be provided and used as shall be required to
insure that the work progresses without interruption until completed. The surface of the concrete
shall be kept as nearly horizontal as practicable at all times. To insure thorough bonding, each
succeeding layer of a seal shall be placed before the preceding layer has taken initial set.
A tremie shall consist of a tube having a diameter of not less than 25 centimeters and constructed
in sections having flanged couplings fitted with gaskets. The tremie shall be supported so as to
permit free movement of the discharge end over the entire top surface of the work and so as to
permit rapid lowering when necessary to retard or stop the flow of concrete. The discharge end
shall be closed at the start of work so as to prevent water entering the tube and shall be entirely
sealed at all times; the tremie tube shall be kept full to the bottom of the hopper. When a batch is
dumped into the hopper, the flow of concrete shall be induced by slightly raising the discharge
end, always keeping it submerged in the deposited concrete. The flow shall be continuous until
the work is completed.
In depositing concrete by a bottom dump bucket, the top of the bucket shall be open. The bottom
doors shall open freely downward and outward when tripped. The bucket shall be completely
filled and slowly lowered to avoid backwash. It shall not be dumped until it rests on the surface
upon which the concrete is to be deposited and when discharged shall be withdrawn slowly until
well above the concrete. The mound of concrete shall be maintained between 10 and 20
centimeters.
Dewatering may proceed when the concrete seal is sufficiently hard and strong. All laitance or
other unsatisfactory material shall be removed from the exposed surface by scraping, chipping, or
other means which will not injure the surface of the concrete.
Tremie concrete used for bridge foundations shall be cored at the Contractor’s expense for testing
for compressive strength and for quality of the concrete. Coring shall be done in accordance to
the relevant specification.
1704.5 Compaction of Concrete
The concrete shall be thoroughly compacted by mechanical vibration, or other approved suitable
means, during the operation of placing to produce a dense homogeneous mass. Under no
circumstances is the reinforcement to be vibrated in order to achieve compaction of the concrete.
Concrete shall not be subjected to disturbance between 4 hours and 24 hours after compaction
except with the agreement of the Engineer.
There shall be no excess water on the top surface on completion of compaction.
1705 CURING
1705.1 Generally
Curing concrete generally to be in accordance with BS8110, Clause 6.6.
Concrete shall be protected against adverse weather conditions after placing. Adequate steps shall
be taken to prevent excessive rates of evaporation of water from all surfaces due to high
temperature and/or drying winds.
1705.2 Horizontal Surfaces
During the curing period horizontal surfaces shall be protected from excessive evaporation of
water by covering with:-
i) damp hessian, canvas or similar absorbent materials kept constantly damp, or
ii) an impermeable sheet, or
iii) a membrane curing compound, or
iv) other approved means.
1705.3 Other Surfaces
During the curing period other surfaces shall be protected from excessive evaporation of water
by:-
i) formwork in close contact with the concrete, or
ii) direct and continuous application of water, preferably in the form of a mist so as not to
damage the surface, or
iii) covering with an absorbent material kept damp, or an impermeable sheet, close enough to
the surface to prevent excessive circulation of air, or
iv) other approved means.
Details of the proposed curing methods are to be submitted to the Engineer prior to the work
commencing.
1705.4 Thick Concrete Section
The Contractor is to submit details to the Engineer of his proposed methods in order to maintain
the temperature differential of less than 200C between the centre of a mass of concrete and its
surface caused by the heat of hydration.
1706 CONCRETING IN HOT WEATHER
Concreting in hot weather shall be carried out in accordance with Clause 1003.7(b) of this
Specification.
1706 CONCRETE JOINTS
1706.1 General
The location and details of movement joints and special requirements in relation to construction
joints shall be as indicated on the drawings.
1706.2 Construction Joints
Construction joints shall be constructed in accordance with BS8110, Clause 6.12. All
construction joints shall be classed as transferring tensile or shear stresses, and shall be
appropriately constructed, unless agreed otherwise with the Engineer.
1706.3 Expansion Joints
Expansion joints shall be constructed in accordance with BS8110, Clause 6.13,
1707 CONCRETE TOLERANCES
Dimensional tolerances shall be in accordance with BS5606, unless indicated otherwise on the
drawing. No individual deviation is to have a cumulative effect causing any other individual
deviations to be exceeded.
1708 FIXING AND STORAGE OF REINFORCING MATERIALS
1708.1 Generally
All bars and fabric shall be fixed in the position indicated within a tolerance of 5mm. In no case
shall the cover indicated be reduced by more than 5mm.
Displacement of reinforcement beyond the specified tolerances shall be prevented by supporting

the bars sufficiently, and securely fixing them together at intersections where necessary. All
passings and intersections shall be tied with binding wire or other equal and approved fastenings.
All ends of such wire, or fastenings shall be turned into the body of the concrete and not protrude
into the cover zone indicated for the reinforcement.
The fixing of reinforcement shall be approved by the Engineer before concreting and shall be
maintained during concreting. Particular attention shall be given to the position of top steel in
cantilever sections. Steel shall not be surrounded by concrete unless it is in its correct position
and free from mud, oil, paint, retarders, loose rust, or other foreign matter. Approval by the
Engineer will not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility for ensuring that the reinforcement is
placed strictly in accordance with the drawings and bending schedules.
1708.2 Spacers
Spacers or other approved means shall be used to maintain the cover to all steel and shall be
dense cement-mortar unless other materials are approved by the Engineer.
The top steel reinforcement of all concrete slabs shall be positively supported in position with
steel chairs, designed by the Contractor to suit his method of working, at not more than 1m
centres in each direction.
1708.3 Laps of Fabric Reinforcement
Unless otherwise indicated, steel fabric shall be lapped at least 200mm at the ends and sides for
square mesh. The cross wires of longitudinal mesh fabric shall be lapped at least 150mm, but for
the longitudinal wires the lap shall be at least 200mm.
1708.4 Storage
All reinforcement including mesh shall be stored in such a manner that no distortion or damage
occurs. It shall be stored on timber or other suitable bearers clear of the ground and protected
against mechanical damage or contamination by mud or other materials likely to affect it's
performance.
1708.5 Cutting and Bending
Cutting and bending to be carried out in accordance with BS8110, Clause 7.2.
1708.6 Welding
Welding of reinforcement shall not be permitted.
1709 FORMWORK
1709.1 Generally
Formwork shall be in accordance with BS8110: Part 1, Clause 6.9.
Formwork shall be constructed of timber, sheet metal, plastic, or other approved materials and
shall provide straight and true angles, arises or edges. Where chamfers are indicated the fillets
shall be accurately cut to size to provide a smooth and continuous chamfer.
Formwork panels shall have true edges to permit accurate alignment at sides and provide a clean
line at construction joints where the formwork shall be tightly secured against previously cast or
hardened concrete to prevent the formation of stepping or ridges in the concrete.
The surface finish of the concrete members shall be as noted in Clause 1710. The formwork shall
be constructed from suitable materials to achieve this finish. The standards of finish shall be as
given in Clause 6.10.3 of BS8110: Part I, Type A to C inclusive as appropriate.
When concrete is vibrated, special care shall be taken to ensure that the formwork will remain
stable and the joints tight.
The Contractor, shall, if required, supply to the Engineer drawings for the formwork that he
proposes to use.
1709.2 Formwork
Formwork shall be constructed with sawn boards or any other approved materials so as to provide
a true and even face to the concrete, and the standard of finish described in the Specification. All
joints in formwork shall be close-fitting to prevent leakage of grout from the concrete.
1709.3 Ties
The material and position of any ties passing through the concrete shall be to the Engineer’s
approval. Except where corrosion of a metal tie is unimportant it shall be possible to remove a tie
so that no part of it remaining embedded in the concrete will be nearer to the finished surface of
the concrete than the indicated thickness of cover to the reinforcement. Any holes left after the
removal of ties shall be filled with concrete or mortar of approved composition which shall match
the colour of the concrete surface and, as far as possible, the surface finish. The plugging mortar
shall be well rammed into any recess to completely fill it.
1709.4 Deflection and Camber of Formwork
The Contractor shall make allowances for any settlement or deflection of formwork that is likely
to arise during construction, so that the hardened concrete conforms accurately to the required
line and level. The Contractor shall also make allowance in the formwork for any camber ordered
by the Engineer to allow for the elastic deflection of structural members and deflection due to
creeping of the concrete.
1709.5 Supports to Formwork
Formwork to beam soffits shall be constructed so that the formwork to the side of members can
be removed without disturbing the soffit formwork or its supports.
Props and supports shall be designed to allow the formwork to be adjusted accurately to line and
level and to erected and removed in an approved sequence without injury to the concrete.
Supports to the construction shall be sufficiently strong to afford the necessary support without
injury to any portion of the structure.
1709.6 Cleaning and Treatment of Formwork
Spaces to be occupied by concrete shall be free from all standing water, rubbish, chipping,
shavings, sawdust, dirt and tying wire etc, before concrete is placed.
The formwork to be in contact with the concrete shall be cleaned and treated with a suitable
release agent preferably applied by spray. Care shall be taken that the release agent is kept from
contact with reinforcement or with concrete at any construction joint.
Before any concrete is placed all formwork must be approved for position and alignment.
Checking by the Engineer will not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility. The Contractor
shall give the Engineer at least 12 hours notice that formwork is ready for checking.
Formwork shall be thoroughly cleaned after each use and any damaged or distorted formwork
shall not be re-used.
1709.7 Surface Retarding Agents
Surface retarding agents shall not be used except with the permission of the Engineer.
1709.8 Striking or Removal of Formwork
All formwork shall be removed without shock or vibration that might damage the concrete.
Before the soffit and props are removed the surface of the concrete shall be exposed where
necessary in order to ensure that the concrete has hardened sufficiently.
The striking of formwork shall be in accordance with Clause 6.9.3 of BS8110: Part 1.
The striking period of formwork shall be as stated in Table 6.6 of BS8110: Part 1, for ordinary
Portland Cement or as determined from CIRIA Report 67 'Tables of Minimum Striking Times for
Soffit and Vertical Formwork'. Alternatively, the Contractor may carry out concrete compressive
strength tests on 'site cubes' stored under conditions approved by the Engineer that simulate the
field conditions. Where 'site cubes' are used, the formwork supporting concrete in bending may
be struck when the cube strength is 10N/mm2 or three times the stress to which it will be
subjected, whichever is the greater.
1710 CONCRETE FINISHES
1710.1 General
Exposed concrete finishes generally shall be in accordance with BS8110: Part 1, Clause 6.10.
The Contractor is required to take the necessary precautions to avoid the adverse effects upon
concrete finishes of variation in:- aggregate sources, colour of cement, mix proportions,
formwork, release agents, type of formwork, joint sealing and curing conditions, and he shall
prevent rust staining from projecting reinforcement, other metal inserts or plant.
1710.2 Quality of Finish
The quality of finish required is Class 2 to BS8110.
1710.3 Formed Surfaces
The formwork shall be capable of producing Type A finish as stated in BS8110.
1710.4 Unformed Surfaces
The Concrete shall be levelled and screeded to produce a uniform surface to the profile shown on
the drawings.
1710.5 Inspection and Making Good
The Engineer and Contractor shall inspect the concrete for defects and for conformity with the
Specification.
The making good of concrete surface defects will only be allowed if the resulting standard of
finish is acceptable. The making good of the concrete surface shall not impair on the strength,
performance and durability of the concrete.
Details of materials to be used are stated in BS8110: Part 1, Clause 6.10.
1710.6 Dimensional Tolerance
See Clause 1707
1711 RUBBLE CONCRETE

1711.1 General
Rubble concrete shall be of specified concrete designation containing large embedded stones. It
shall be used only where shown on the plans or directed by the Engineer in massive piers, gravity
abutments, and heavy footings. Oneman and derrick stone used in rubble concrete shall consist
of tough, sound, and durable rock. The stone shall be free from coating, seams or flaws of any
character. The stone shall be angular in shape and shall have a rough surface which will
thoroughly bond with the surrounding mortar.
The stone shall be carefully placed, not dropped or cast, so as to avoid injury to the forms or to
the partially set adjacent masonry. Stratified stone shall be placed upon its natural bed. All stone
shall be washed and saturated with water before placing.
The total volume of the stone shall not be greater than one third of the total volume of the portion
of the work in which it is placed. For walls or piers greater than 60 centimeters but not over 1.2
meters in thickness, one-man stone shall be used with each stone surrounded by at least 15 cm. of
concrete and no stone closer than 30 cm. to any top surface nor any closer than 15 cm. to any
coping. For walls or piers greater than 1.20 meters in thickness, derrick stone may be used with
each stone surrounded by at least 30 cm. of concrete and no stone shall be closer than 60
centimeters to any top surface nor closer than 20 centimeters to any coping.
Unless prohibited in the contract documents, the Contractor may supply all Class B concrete in
lieu of rubble concrete.
PART 1800: SEAWALL ARMOURING
1801 GENERAL
This section specifies the requirements for the testing, handling and placement of all materials
required for the rock seawall.
1802 ARMOUR ROCK
1802.1 General
Except were specifically stated otherwise, armour rock shall consist of individual stones which
are either igneous or metamorphic in origin and which are dense, sound, resistant to abrasion and
free of cracks, cleavage planes, seams and other defects which would result in breakdown of the
stone in the environment of the site of the works. Any stone which is susceptible to physical
change causing spalling, weathering or fracturing in the environment of the site of the works shall
not be acceptable.
1802.2 Primary & Secondary armour rock

a) Materials testing
Primary armour rock must comply with the following laboratory testing criteria.
 Los Angeles abrasion test
For specimens complying with the “F” grading of the standard, the loss when tested in
accordance with the requirements of that standard shall not exceed 20%.
 Sodium sulfate soundness test
For the 37.5 mm to 63 mm fraction of a crushed sample when tested in accordance with the
requirements of the standard for five cycles, the loss shall not exceed 2.5%.
 6.2.2.1.3 Particle density
The particle density of all primary armour rock material to be incorporated in the works shall not
be less than 2,650 kg/m³ when determined by the relevant methods described in the standard.
 6.2.2.1.4 Colour
The natural variation of the rock colour coming from a quarry (or from different parts of a pit) is
not a sufficient reason for rejection of the material.
 6.2.2.1.5 Impurity
The rock fill should not contain any substance whose quantity could damage the structures or the
environment in which the rocks are used.
 6.2.2.1.6 Petrographic analysis
A petrographic analysis shall be undertaken to determine the rock type, detect presence of void,
water-soluble content and discussing adequacy for primary armouring purposes (marine
environment and mechanical characteristics). The laboratory in charge of this petrographic
analysis should have a comprehensive track record in the analysis of rock Seawall material.
If water soluble constituents are detected and testing is required, the test shall be prepared in
accordance to the standard.
 6.2.2.1.7 Weathering
If necessary, the presence of signs of “sunburn” of the primary armour rock (except fragments)
for volcanic rocks such as basalts should be determined according to the standard.
 6.2.2.1.8 Water absorption
The water absorption of the rocks (except fragments) should be determined according to the
standard. The average rock water absorption should not be greater than 0.5 % (mass percentage).
The rock may be considered as resistant to the crystallisation of salt. The test should be carried
out on 10 pieces of each different rock types.
 6.2.2.1.9 Shape
The aspect ratio of the maximum dimension of any rock to the minimum dimension, measured at
right angles to the maximum dimension shall not exceed three. No greater than 25% of all
primary armour rock of a particular class supplied for any area of approximately 90 square metres
shall have aspect ratio exceeding two.
b) 1803 Sum Of Girth

The following graph can be used on-site for rock mass spot checks during or after the seawall
construction by the ENGINEER to quickly assess rock mass. The longest and shortest dimensions
should be measured and added to estimate an approximate rock mass from the below Figure.
1804 CONSTRUCTION OF ARMOUR ROCK

1804.1 General
Armour rock shall be placed to form armour layers generally to the lines and levels shown on the
Drawings. The various classes of armour rock, number of layers and nominal overall thickness
shall be as shown on the Drawings. Rock shall not be dropped in loading, transit or placement on
the structure. Do not proceed with placing of armour rock in any areas where the construction
tolerance of the under layer has not been achieved unless otherwise approved in writing by the
ENGINEER
1804.2 Form of armour rock

Each armour rock layer shall comprise rocks lying over the preceding primary or secondary
armour rock layer. There shall be no free rock on the surface of a completed layer and all rock
shall be keyed and fitted, maximising contact on all sides such that they are not free to move
without disturbing adjacent rocks. Three points of contact (minimum) are required between a rock
and other rocks in the same layer.
In general, the longitudinal axis of each rock should be normal to the structure, and slope
downward towards the centre of the structure. The centre of gravity of the placed rock shall be
closer to the secondary armour rock layer than the face of the structure. Rocks less than the
nominal size of the material class specified for a particular zone shall not be placed in adjacent
locations.
Interstices between adjacent armour rocks within the armour rock layers shall remain free of
small rock particles. Construction methods that ensure that the voids remain shall be employed.
The void ratio for the armour rock shall be 35 % ±5 %.

Void ratio (e) is the ratio of volume of voids to the total volume of rocks
Within any area of 150 m² measured at the surface of any layer, the armour rock shall comply
with the specified gradation. No rock is to protrude more than one fifth of its dimension
(perpendicular to the structure face) above the nominal level, to prevent excessive wave action on
individual rocks. Pushing rocks into the structure to achieve the finished level will cause damage
to the internal grading and will not be permitted.
Where armour rock transitions from one size to another, an equal blend (by mass) of armour rock
of each rock type at each end of the transition shall be made and placed both for secondary and
primary armour layers. A minimum two stone deep armour shall be achieved in the transition
primary and secondary armour layers. Armouring transitions shall be installed over distances of
10m or as shown on the drawings.
1805 ARMOUR ROCK PROFILE

Reference profiles of the top surface of the primary and secondary armour rock shall be
established at not more than 10 m intervals along the seawall, at chainages in armour rock
grading or profile, and at the head of the seawall. On completion of placement of the armour rock,
the upper surface of every rock within a three metre bandwidth along the reference profiles shall
be measured. These measurements shall be plotted on the reference profiles to determine the
thickness of armour rock.
The minimum thickness of armour rock shall not be less than 90 % of the nominal thickness. The
average crest level of the seawall shall not be less than the nominal crest level.
1806 TESTING SCHEDULE

1806.1 General
All testing of material for quality control purposes shall be in accordance with an Approved
Contractors Quality Plan. Materials which do not comply with the requirements of this Technical
Specification shall not be incorporated in the works.
1806.2 Sampling
Sampling methods should be operated as described in the Standard.
1806.3 Testing method for size, grading, aspect ratio and shape
For all armour types and capping rocks, a representative sample of 30 stones are randomly
selected from the stockpile of graded material. The sample stones are marked with epoxy paint
for future reference. The mass of each individual stone is measured with approved equipment in
the quarry. For each stone the maximum and minimum girth are also measured and logged to
calculate the aspect ratio of each stone. The results are logged in the project Quality Plan.
The representative sample is then passed through the quarry weight bride to verify the total mass
of the sample and confirm the accuracy of the grading.
1806.4 Provision of reference stones
One reference stone of median rock mass for all primary armour grades (1.5t and 4t) should be
visible at all time during construction both at the quarry and at the site. Reference stones shall be
marked with epoxy paint and should be in such a location that they are visible from the work
front.
1806.5 Frequency of testing
A complete set of tests for armour rock shall be undertaken at the commencement of quarrying.
Further testing for the nominated properties during production shall be routinely conducted in
accordance with the approved Contractors Quality Plan and the following table.
PART 1900: MISCELLANEOUS WORKS
1901 GEOTEXTILE
The geotextile layer is to be placed between the fill and the secondary armour. The geotextile
shall comply with specification equivalent. The geotextile supplier shall be made aware of the use
of the filter cloth geotextile in the seawall construction. The Contractor shall provide evidence
that the geotextile is suitable for the seawall. The following information shall be given to the
ENGINEER:
 Suitability for maritime application
 Durability
 Thickness
 Elongation
 Pore size
 Through flow
Geotextile shall not be punctured or damaged during rock installation. The geotextile used shall
be as shown on drawings, or equivalent approved by the ENGINEER. Geotextile shall not be
ordered or placed if different from that specified on drawings, unless material is approved by the
ENGINEER.
Geotextile shall be placed from top to bottom down the excavated slope and maintained by
appropriate weights at the top and toe of the seawall. The geotextile shall not be punched. The
geotextile will overlap at least 1m each side of the next geotextile roll and not be placed end to
end.
The geotextile shall be stitched regularly in the overlapping sections. The stitching method shall
be submitted to the ENGINEER approval.
The geotextile shall not be stretched during installation. The geotextile should be laid loosely to
allow for slight movement and/or displacement resulting from the placement of the secondary
armour. That is, the geotextile should be sufficiently loose to ensure that placement of the
secondary armour does not result in tearing of the geotextile material.
The geotextile placement shall be in accordance with the geotextile supplier instructions.
1902 SIGNS
Signs shall be provided where shown on the Drawings, called up by this Technical Specification
and/or as directed.
1902.1 “Hazard - Unstable Rocks” sign
Two road signs are to be prepared marked “Hazard - Unstable Rocks” and placed according to the
ENGINEER site instructions.
The road sign details and installation shall be strictly in accordance with the relevant standard
Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices and specifications shall be in accordance with the
government department of Transport and Main Roads Technical Standard.
1902.2 “Marking Plates”

Sixty (60) engraved stainless steel plates (Grade 316) shall be glued onto specifically marked
armourstones, as per ENGINEER marking and instructions. The plate dimension will be
approximately
30x60mm. A sample plate shall be provided to the ENGINEER for approval, prior to construction
of the batch. Engraving will consist of sequential numbers from 01 to 60.
These marking plates position will be surveyed as part of the “as built” set of information.
1903 STAIRCASE
Drawings shall indicate the general dimensions and minimum elements of a beach staircase
access. This item is a provisional supply item. The Contractor may provide an alternative beach
access solution for the Engineer’s approval. This staircase shall be compatible with all relevant
Standards and Instructions as well as the relevant safety regulations applicable to such public
access structures.
All handrails shall comply with the requirements for guardrail in accordance with the Standard
including handrails, midrails and stanchions. Handrails shall be a two rail system with filling.
All traffic surfaces shall be non-slip surfaces.
The layout of the staircase shall be fully detailed and the shop details shall be submitted to the
ENGINEER for examination and approval.
1904 PILING
Piling shall follow the requirements of British Standards, and all legislative requirements. The
required design life for normal commercial maritime structures is 50 years. Durability
requirements shall be in accordance to suit the required exposure classification for all structural
concrete components.
The Contractor shall record the relevant information, and shall furnish for review one copy of
each record within seven days of completion of the piles in question. As a minimum, the
following records are to be provided for each pile installed:
 Pile number
 Date of Installation
 RL to base of pile
 RL to top of pile
 Plan location of top of pile
 Pile verticality (piling rig only)
 Hammer weight and final set of pile (mm/blow)
 Concrete mix data (if applicable)
 Results of concrete slump, strength (7 day and 28 day, if applicable)
 Any other relevant information relating to the pile installation
Piling works shall be described in the Contractor tender documentation including the
type/material of selected pile.
Piling records including of constructed embedment depth shall be submitted to the ENGINEER
approval.
Testing, including of local capacity testing if required by the ENGINEER, shall be undertaken at
Contractor expense.
PART 2000: METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
2001 GENERAL
The Contractor shall be entirely responsible for selecting and using appropriate methods of
construction consistent with achieving the construction requirements as specified herein. The
Contractor shall train its staff and provide adequate equipment (Personal Protective Equipment,
adequate machinery…) to its employees during construction.
A Work Method Statement for Seawall protection, including lifting procedures, quarry and site
stockpiles schedule, piling, shall be prepared before site works commence.
The placement of any rock material shall at all times be carried out in such a manner as to cause a
minimum of disturbance or dislodgement of the armour. In cases where the amount of damage is
excessive, the placing operations shall be terminated until the damaged areas are rectified.
Rocks should not be dropped by more than 300mm to avoid segregation of material size or
damage of rocks. Placement is to be made from the toe to the top. Rocks shall be placed so as to
have 3 points of contact and be stable and secure.
Placement of the armour rock should ensure interlocking with the rock fill and a finished surface
stable, tight and uniform. Pushing rocks into the structure to achieve the finished level will cause
extensive damage to the internal grading. This will not be permitted.
Rocks shall be placed carefully and selected for a particular position from a number of stones
stockpiled nearby. Joints shall not be cemented or otherwise made impermeable.
Individual rocks shall not protrude outside the area enclosed by the external surface of the armour
layer as defined on the drawings. Such obstructive stones shall be removed, and the integrity of
the rock layer re-established at the Contractor’s expense.
2002 QUARRY REQUIREMENTS

The Contractor shall be responsible for sourcing Seawall materials from an approved quarry.
Submission of the tender will acknowledge that the Contractor will be undertaking quarrying
works from a pre-existing and established quarry operation, with all permits to operate as a quarry
in place and current for the duration of the works.
Should the Contractor wish to establish a new quarry for these works, this shall be clearly
identified in the tender, including all steps and timeframes required to obtain the necessary
approvals to operate the quarry.
Once quarrying activities are established, the Contractor shall submit the following grading
curves to the ENGINEER for review:
 Total quarry yield grading curve
 Proposed armour rock grading curve
 Proposed crest armour rock grading curve
 Proposed rock fill material grading curve
The Contractor shall establish a quality system that ensures all rocks used fit these grading
curves. If the size of rock varies in a particular location at the quarry, the Contractor shall verify
grading curves at regular intervals throughout the quarry development. As a minimum, the
following intervals for submission of grading curves for each class of rock material shall apply:
 At 5% of material supply
2003 TRANSPORTATION OF MATERIAL, ACCESS ROADWAY AND STOCKPILING

The Contractor shall deliver all materials to site. The Contractor shall ensure that the quality of
rock shall remain to the above specification upon delivery, stockpiling and placement.
The Contractor shall minimise use of trucks, and prove that the trucks are used at their maximum
potential.
The Contractor shall allow for all work associated with providing a safe access along the
embankment during construction as dictated by the proposed construction method. Details of the
proposed access shall be included in the Works Method Statement. The Contractor shall use
approved haul routes nominated in the Works Method Statement Traffic Management Plan.
The Contractor shall place the rock at approved stockpile locations nominated in the Work
Method of Statement.
Parking of personal or construction vehicles in the immediate vicinity of the site will not be
permitted.
The Contractor will outline how labour will access the site and how delivery vehicles will be
called to the site to offload or remove loads with the minimum amount local disturbance.
2004 PROCEDURE IN EVENT OF HEAVY WEATHER AND TEMPORARY CESSATION OF

WORK
When heavy weather endangering the works is forecast, or when for some other reason placement
of work must cease, the Contractor shall immediately protect the embankment from deterioration
of the soil condition and/or Seawall.
At the conclusion of the event that necessitated the placement of protection, the protection shall
be removed to permit the proper re-placement of the armour as detailed for the design cross-
section.
All such work of protection and reinstatement shall be at the cost of the Contractor.
The Contractor shall provide in the tender its procedure for heavy weather for ENGINEER
approval.
PART 3000: DAYWORKS
3001 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
Where items of major equipment listed in the schedule of Dayworks are specified by type (e.g.
concrete mixer e.t.c.) the power rating of such items of equipment to be provided by the
Contractor shall not be lower than the power ratings of such equipment, manufactured within the
last two years prior to the date of Tender. Any item of major plant employed upon Dayworks
which has a power rating lower than specified shall be paid for at rates lower than those in the
schedule of Dayworks. The reduction in the rate payable shall be in proportion to the reduction in
power rating below that specified above.

RFP-EAH-2016-008 - Section V - Annex C - Technical Specifications

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CONSTRUCTION OF SEAWALLS & DRAINAGE

AF & LDCF PROJECTS, TANZANIA

CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS i

BS 4 Part 1: 1972 Hot-rolled sections

CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS ii

BS 1256 1953 See BS 143

BS 1881: Part 3: 1970 Methods of making and curing test specimen.

BS 1881: Part 4: 1970 Methods of testing concrete for strength.

BS 2871: Part 1: 1972 Tubes for general purposes

Flanged steel parallel slide valves for general

BS 4360: 1972 Weldable structural steels.

Plastics piping systems for sewerage under

CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS v

CP 308: 1974 Drainage of roofs and paved areas

CONSTRUCTION OF SEA WALLS & DRAINAGE WORKS, AF & LDCF PROJECTS vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

PART 100: PRELIMINARIES AND GENERAL 1

101 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF LOCATION AND THE WORKS 1

102 EXTENT OF CONTRACT 4

104 LIST OF DRAWINGS 6

105 CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL AND REQUIRED THICKNESS 7

108 MATERIALS ARISING FROM THE WORK 7

109 MATERIALS RETURNED TO STORES 7

110 QUARRIES, BORROW PITS, STOCKPILES AND SPOIL AREAS 8

111 TRIAL SECTIONS 8

112 PROGRAMME AND PROGRESS 8

113 EXISTING OPERATION RESTRICTIONS 10

114 SITE ACCESS AND FENCING 10

115 DEMOLITION WORK 10

116 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 11

118 NOTICE OF DEMOLITIONS 11

119 USE OF EXPLOSIVES 11

120 DUST CONTROL 11

121 PROTECTION OF PERSONS 11

122 WATER SUPPLY AND OTHER SITE SERVICES 12

123 ENGINEER’S OFFICE FACILITIES 12

124.1 Survey audit 14

124.2 Permanent survey marks 14

124.4 Survey staff 15

124.5 Setting out the work 15

124.6 Survey equipment 15

124.7 Compliance surveys 15

124.8 Topographic survey 16

124.9 Tides, wind, waves, currents and sediment transport 16

125 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) 16

126 SAMPLING AND TESTING 16

127 STANDARDS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE 17

127.2 Quality Assurance 17

128 ACCURACY OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURE 18

129 LIST OF STRUCTURES TO BE DESIGNED 18

130 “AS BUILT” DRAWINGS 19

131 PLANT AND METHODS 19

132 GROUND CONDITION REPORT 20

133 SITE ESTABLISHMENT AND SERVICES 20

134 SUBMISSIONS AS PART OF THE TENDER 22

136 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL 23

137 ALLOWABLE PERIODS OF WORK 23

138 SITE RESTORATION AND RE-VEGETATION 23

139 APPROVALS, SEARCHES AND DEVELOPMENT APPROVAL 23

140 SAFE DESIGN 24

142 PROGRAMME OF THE EXECUTION OF WORKS 25

143 SUBSTANTIAL (PRACTICAL) COMPLETION 25