Using Divisibility Rules for 4, 8, 11 and 12 to Find the

Common Factors of Numbers

Let us study this problem.

Mang Doro earns ₱ 3 824 from his “Pera sa Bote Project” which will be used to help some
street children. If he wants to divide the money into an equal amount, will it be possible to
divide it by 4? 8? 11? or 12?

Let us find out by dividing the amount with 4, 8, 11, and 12. Look at this.

956 478 347 318

4√3824 8 √3824 11 √3824 12 √3824
- 36___ - 32___ - 33___ - 36___
22 62 52 22
- 20__ - 56__ - 44__ - 12__
24 64 84 104
_ - 77_ - 96__
7 8

Based on the solutions presented 3 824 is only divisible by 4 and 8.

So, Mang Doro can only divide the money equally to either 4 or 8 street children.

Divisibility rule for 4

• A number is divisible by 4 if the number formed by the last two digits of a number is
divisible by 4.

Example 1
In 3 824, the last two digits are 2 and 4.
24 can be divided without remainder by 4, which is equal to 6.
Therefore, 3 824 is divisible by 4.

Also, a number ending in 2 zeros is divisible by 4. Study example 2.

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 Example 2
4200 is divisible by 4 because it ends in two zeros
4 200 ÷ 4 = 1050

Divisibility rule for 8

• A number is divisible by 8 if the number formed by the last three digits of a number is
divisible by 8.

Example 1
In 3 824, the last three digits are 824. When it is divided by 8, the result is 103.
Therefore, 3 824 is divisible by 8.

Also, a number ending in 3 zeros is divisible by 8. Look at example 2.

Example 2
45 000 is divisible by 8 because it ends with three zeros.
45 000 ÷ 8 = 5 625

Divisibility rule for 11

• A number is divisible by 11 if the difference between the sum of the alternate digits is
either 0 or 11.

Example 1
583 is divisible by 11.
The alternate digits of 583 are 5 and 3. The sum of 5 and 3 is 8.
The remaining digit is 8.
The difference between these two numbers is 0 (8 – 8).
Thus, 583 is divisible by 11.

Example 2
623 381 is divisible by 11
The alternate digits of 623 381 are 6, 3, and 8. The sum of 6, 3, and 8 is 17.
The remaining digits are 2, 3, and 1. The sum of 2, 3,and 1 is 6.
The difference between these two sums is 11 (17 – 6).
Thus, 623 381 is divisible by 11.

Divisibility rule for 12

• A number is divisible by 12 if it is divisible by 3 and 4. Remember the divisibility
rules for 3 and 4. Study the example below.

Example
384 is divisible by 12
3 + 8 + 4 = 15, 15 divided by 3 is equal to 5

The last two digits form 84. 84 divided by 4 is equal to 21.

Therefore, 384 is divisible by 12.

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A FIRST LOOK
Activity No. 1

Directions: Use the divisibility rules for 4, 8,11, and 12 to find the common factors of the
given pair of numbers below. Write your answer in your notebook.

1. 124 and 112 A. 4 B. 8 C. 12

2. 36 and 48 A. 8 B. 12 C. 11
3. 2 486 and 9 372 A. 8 B. 11 C. 12
4. 648 and 832 A. 11 B. 12 C. 8
5. 120 and 400 A. 8 B. 4 C. 12
6. 320 and 6 000 A. 4 B. 8 C. 11
7. 5 940 and 6 281 A. 8 B. 11 C. 12
8. 64 and 72 A. 4 B. 8 C. 12
9. 4 191 and 1 276 A. 11 B. 12 C. 8
10. 816 and 488 A. 8 B. 11 C. 12

A DIFFERENT WAY
Activity 2
Directions: Find the common factors using the divisibility rules for 4, 8, 11, and 12 of the
given numbers inside the circles. Write your answer in your notebook.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
2 412 728 828 168 4 000
and and and and and
3 816 248 124 412 8 328

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
6 281 8 160 9 000 4 248 1 243
and and and and and
3 465 4 848 1 648 8 424 4 191

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BRAIN-COMPATIBLE
Activity No. 3
Directions: Use the divisibility rules for 4, 8, 11, and 12 to find the common factors of the
following numbers. There may be 1 or more answers. Write your answer in your notebook.

1. 2 132 and 1 248 _______________

2. 468 and 936 _______________
3. 284 and 500 _______________
4. 2 486 and 6 292 _______________
5. 864 and 436 _______________
6. 5 478 and 6 281 _______________
7. 2 500 and 1 216 _______________
8. 7 000 and 5 824 _______________
9. 4 200 and 2 548 _______________
10. 7 183 and 1 793 _______________

CHALLENGE QUESTIONS

1. Rico put some money in an investment that yields 6% profit. If Rico

earned PhP750 in profit from the investment, how much did he invest?

2. I am a three-digit number. All my digits are different. My tens digit is

less than 1. I am divisible by 5. My ones digit is greater than my hundreds
digit. I am also divisible by 3. What numbers can I possibly be?

3. A number multiplied by 5 and divided by 3 gives 40. What is the

number?

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 Solving Routine and Non-Routine Problems Involving
Factors, Multiples, and Divisibility Rules for 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12

The steps in solving problems involving factors, multiples, and divisibility rules for 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 are:

• Understand – Know what is asked and what is/are given.

• Plan –Know the operation. Write the number sentence.
• Solve – Write the correct units/ label your answer.
• .Check and look back – Review and check your answer.

The following are some of the strategies in solving non-routine problems:

• Working backwards
• Trial and error
• Making a chart
• Listing Method and Elimination
• Drawing Tables

Example

Dora’s age now is a multiple of 8 and divisible by 12. Her age is more than 40 and but less
than 50. How old is Dora?

Understand
. What is asked?
✓ The age of Dora now.
What are the given data?
✓ Age is divisible by 12.
✓ Age is a multiple of 8.
✓ Age is more than 40
✓ Age is less than 50.

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Plan
What strategy can we use to solve this problem?
✓ Since there are few numbers less than 50 that are divisible by 12 and multiples
of 8, Listing Method and Elimination can be used.

Solve
Dora’s age is less than 50, so the range is 1 - 49
✓ List all the numbers divisible by 12 within that range.
✓ The numbers divisible by 12 are: 12, 24, 36 and 48
✓ But because her age is a multiple of 8, we can eliminate 12 and 36.
✓ Since her age is more than 40, again, eliminate 24.

Therefore, Dora’s age now is 48.

Check
We can check if our answer satisfies the given facts in the problem.
• 48 is divisible by 12
• 48 is a multiple of 8
• 48 is more than 50
From these, we can conclude that our answer is correct.

A FIRST LOOK
Activity No. 1

Directions: Read, analyze, and solve the following problems. Write your answer
in your notebook.

1. A group of 45 athletes will march behind a group of 30 dancers in a parade. The

coordinator wants to arrange the two groups in a row with the same number of
people in each row, but without mixing the groups. What is the greatest number
of people he can have in each row?

2. What are the least number of mangoes divided equally among 9, 8 and 12
children?

3. I am a three-digit number. My number is divisible by 9. If you get the sum of

my digits, the result is 18 and the ones digit is 1. What is my number?

4. Diego’s age is greater than 50 but less than 60. His age is divisible by 9. How
old is Diego?

5. There are 24 pupils in the class. Mrs. Ramos wants to separate the class into
equal groups for their Math activity. What are the different ways of grouping
them?

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 6. I am a three-digit number. My last two-digit number is divisible by 4, but my
original number is divisible by 9. My tens digit is 3. What number am I?

7. Roger has logs that measure 44 inches, 56 inches, and 63 inches. He wants to
cut each piece equally into 8 inches. Which of these logs should he cut so that
there will be no excess wood?

8. I was born in a year divisible by 2 and 4. The tens digit is a prime number greater
than 5 while my ones digit is less than 6. What is my birthyear?

9. How many whole numbers between 20 to 40 is divisible by 4?

10. What is the least number that is divisible by 2, 6, and 9?

A DIFFERENT WAY
Activity No. 2

Directions: Read, analyze, and solve the following problems. Write your answer in your
notebook.

1. Vivien got a passing score in their 50-item test in Mathematics. She got a score of
more than 40. Her score is divisible by 6 but not divisible by 8. What is her score?

2. Using the digits 3, 8, 6, and 1, find the least number divisible by 3 and 9.

3. Aling Doray has 138 inches of yellow ribbon, 158 inches of blue ribbon, and 153
inches of red ribbon. She needs to cut the ribbons by 6 inches and by 9 inches, but she
does not want any excess. Which ribbons should she cut by 6 inches and by 9 inches?

4. Ms. Alyana wants to group her pupils for a game. She has 24 boys and 36 girls in her
class. She wants to have the same number of members in each group, but she doesn’t
want the boys to group with girls. What is the greatest number of members in each
group?

5. What is the least number of pupils that can be grouped into 6,12 and 5 for games
during PE class?

BRAIN-COMPATIBLE
Activity No. 3

Directions: Solve the following word problems. Write your answer in your notebook.

1. Marla made 156 cookies. After putting the cookies in the boxes for selling, there were
no leftovers. What boxes she used; packs of 10, 12, 15, or 20?

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2. Mang Jose has 315 tomatoes to sell. He wants to put the same number of tomatoes in
each plastic without any leftovers. How many tomatoes could Mang Jose put in each
bag; 2, 4, 8, or 9?

3.. Mother has two sticks, which are 63 dm and 72 dm long. She wants to cut them into
equal lengths without excess. . What is the greatest possible length of each stick?

4. At a birthday party, 60 candies and 72 lollipops are to be shared equally so that each
child receives the same number of candies and lollipops. What is the maximum
number of children who can share sweets?

5. Kaytlen baked 168 cupcakes. She wants to put them in boxes for selling. She has boxes
of 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12. Which boxes can she use if she doesn’t want to have any
leftovers? Give all the boxes she can use.

CHALLENGE QUESTIONS

A photocopier can print 116 copies every 4 minutes. How many copies
can it print in 1.25 hours?

Jaren collects coins. Every day, she gets 6 additional coins. On every
fourth day, she gives 4 coins to her friend. If Jaren started with 24 coins
on which day will Jared have exactly 70 coins?

If 85% of the 60 questions in a mathematics test are on problem solving,

how many questions are on problem solving?

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 Performing a Series of More Than Two Operations
on Whole Numbers Applying PMDAS or GMDAS
Correctly.

When solving series of more than two operations on whole numbers, we follow the
PMDAS (Parentheses, Multiplication, Division, Addition, and Subtraction) or
GMDAS (Grouping, Multiplication, Division, Addition, and Subtraction) rule.

Rule 1. Perform the operation(s) inside the parenthesis.

Rule 2. Perform multiplication and/or division operations whichever comes first
from left to right.
Rule 3. Perform addition and/or subtraction operations whichever comes first from
left to right.

Example

Directions: Simplify the expression using the PMDAS or GMDAS rule.

12 – 3 + (18 ÷ 6) x 7

1. First, perform the operation inside the parenthesis.

12 – 3 + (18 ÷ 6) x 7
12 – 3 + 3 x 7
2. Next, perform the multiplication operation.
12 – 3 + 3 x 7
12 – 3 + 21
3. Then, perform the addition and/or subtraction whichever comes first.
Since subtraction comes first, perform it first.
12 – 3 + 21
9 + 21
4. Finally, perform the last operation, which is addition.
9 + 21
30
5. Therefore, 12 – 3 + (18 ÷ 6) x 7 is equal to 30.

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A FIRST LOOK
Activity No. 1
Directions: Simplify the following expressions following the PMDAS or GMAS rule by
filling in the blanks with the correct number to obtain at the final correct answer. Write your
answer in your notebook.

1. 16 ÷ (2 + 2) x 3 6. (16 ÷ 4) x 5 – 7 + 8
= 16 ÷ ___ x 3 = ______ x 5 – 7 + 8
= _______ x 3 = ______ - 7 + 8
= _______ = ______ + 8
= ______
2. (36 – 3) ÷ 3 + 45 7. 7 x (9 ÷ 3) – 7
= _____ ÷ 3 + 45 = 7 x ____- 7
= ______ + 45 = _______ - 7
= ______ = _______

3. 6 x (7 – 2) ÷ 5 8. 6 x 4 + 7 – (8 ÷ 2)
= 6 x ______ ÷ 5 = 6 x 4 + 7 - ____
= ______ ÷ 5 = ____ + 7 - ______
= ______ = ____ - _____
= ______
4. 5 x 4 – (16 ÷ 8) 9. 2 x 70 – (9 ÷ 3)
= 5 x 4 - _______ = 2 x 70 - _______
= ______ - _______ = _______ - _______
= ______ = _______

5. 18 – (12 – 6 ÷ 2) + 7 10. 25 – (10 ÷ 2) + 7

= 18 – (12 - ____ ) + 7 = 25 - ______ + 7
= 18 - ____ + 7 = ______ + ______
= _____ + 7 = ______
= _____

A DIFFERENT WAY
Activity No. 2
Directions: Perform the operations in the given equations then find the letter that
corresponds to your answer. Write the letter on the blanks to know the hidden message.
Write your answer in your notebook.

1. (35 ÷ 5) x 8 – 7 = ______ 6. 3 x 14 – (60 ÷ 15) + 75 = ____

2. 6 x 7 – (48 ÷ 12) + 75 = ______ 7. 3 x 8 + 5 – (2 x 3) = _____
3. 12 + 5 x (16 ÷ 4) – 7 = ______ 8. 7 x (9 ÷ 3) – 7 + 8 = ______
4. (60 + 48) ÷ 2 x 4 = ______ 9. 6 x 4 + 7 – (8 ÷ 2) = ______
5. (30 ÷ 2) x 4 – 8 + 9 = ______ 10. (9 ÷ 3) x 7 – 6 + 19 = ______

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Hidden Message:
_____ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ _____ _____ ______
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Code:
A B C D E F G H I J K
22 45 67 94 113 138 20 34 46 68 27

L M N O P Q R S T U V
25 23 132 126 315 65 88 42 27 54 61

W X Y Z
49 78 83 96

BRAIN-COMPATIBLE
Activity No. 3
Directions: Perform the series of operations in the given expressions to answer the number
puzzle. Write your answer in your notebook.

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9

10

11 12 13

Across Down
1. 15 + (12 x 10 – 20) – 3 2. (6 + 2 x 5) – 5 + 9
4. 58 – (16 x 2) + 6 3. (30 ÷ 2) x 41 – 15
6. 32 + 23 – (7 x 2) ÷ 2 4. 50 – (4 x 8) + 18
8. (20 x 4) ÷ 2 + 32 5. (60 ÷ 5 + 15) + 13 - 20
10. (70 ÷ 5) x 2 – 16 7. 20 x 3 + (45 ÷ 5 x 3) - 2
11. 25 + (13 x 3) – 14 9. 6 x 3 + (36 ÷ 6) - 5
12. 8 x 5 + 32 – (3 x 3) 11. 8 x 4 + (12 x 5 ÷ 2) – 6
13. 11 x 5 – (15 + 8)

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