Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

This year was a difficult ones encountered by the students because of the COVID

19. The COVID 19 Pandemic doesn’t only affect the economy of the country, it also

become a hindrance in Education. To continue the classes, Blended learning become

the option of department of education, Blended learning is an approach to education

that combines online educational materials and opportunities for interaction online with

traditional place-based classroom methods. Adjusting to this mode of education is easy

to some students but not to all like to those who can’t afford to buy gadgets needed for

online classes. It requires the physical presence of both teacher and student, with some

elements of student control over time, place, and path.

Criminology Students of Our Lady of Lourdes Colleges Foundation Is one of those

who will be using this blended learning. Blended Learning is very different from face to

face mode of teaching, face to face teaching is the most effective way of learning.

Some significant challenges to blended learning models include the expense of

technology, inadequate training, technological issues, the need to adapt content for

blended learning, decreased motivation, and weakened relationships between students

and teachers. Blended learning usually requires that all students and teachers have a

computer, tablet, cellphone, or laptop. Needless to say, this is expensive to implement

and maintain.
 The researchers believe that the study is important in dealing this kind of distance

learning. Since, Criminology students are enrolled at OLLCF at this semester,

effectiveness of Blended Learning is very important to determine. Effectiveness of

Blended Learning will help the students and the faculties. Blended learning will be much

tested in this semester if it is effective or efficient. A side from this it's timely, it is a

necessity to have knowledge on what it is all about. Especially to those students and

parents. Blended learning plays a vital role in our society now a days that makes us the

researchers do a deep study about it to educate and inform the others about the

significance of this issue.

In connection to that, as Criminology student pursuing this study can help our

future students to determine whether what types of blended learning is was effective

and it gave them knowledge about this learning methods. In addition. Many significance

differences exist among students about their abilities that gives them a huge impact in

their education.

Statement of the problem

This study aim to determine the Effectiveness of Blended Learning on OLLCF in the

academic performance of criminology students.

Specially, the study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the students in terms of year level ?

 2. What are the different mode of learning used among :

a. Modular learning

b. Digitized learning

c. Combination of Modular and Digitize

d. Online learning

3. What is the level of effectiveness of the blended learning and the profile of the

respondents.

Assumption

There is a probability that Blended Learning can affect the academic

performance of the criminology students.

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference between the Effectiveness of Blended Learning

as perceived by each group of respondents.

Significance of Study

The result of the study could be useful to the following:

Criminology Students. This study can help the future criminology students to have

knowledge about Blended learning.

Faculty. This can help the teachers to enhance their teaching skill and to understand

the weakness of students to be improved.

Schools. It will guide the school to play an integral part by improving their facilities,

equipment and quality of teaching of their faculties.

Parents. This study would also be useful to the parents who are responsible to their

children when it comes in guiding them to know their priorities and goals. This can

make the parent more aware of the struggles encounter by their children.

Researchers. This will give them knowledge and learnings that will contribute in their

growth and development.

Future Researchers. This study will serve as a basis for their study which is relevant

in their topic. Altering and corrections may be done and suggestions might be

conducted to fully support their future researcher study.

Scope and Limitations

Definition of Terms

For further understanding and clarification, the following terms were defined

conceptually and operationally:

Criminology. The study of crime, criminals and the punishment of criminals.

COVID 19.

Blended Learning.

Online Learning.

Modular Learning.

Digitized Learning.

Combination of Modular and Digitize.

Inadequate Training.

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This section deals with the previous studies and literature found closely

related to the present study. Discussion of the related studies and literature,

synthesis, theoretical and conceptual framework are herein presented.

Related Literature
 Blended learning has been the new normal in the set-up of educational system

worldwide. It has been the most important topic since the beginning of the pandemic;

moreover it becomes highly appreciated, because of the needs of the situation.

“Blended learning is an approach to education that combines online educational

materials and opportunities for interaction online with traditional place-based classroom

methods. It requires the physical presence of both teacher and student, with some

elements of student control over time, place, path, or place.”

According to Robert Newhall (2020), coronavirus is directly affecting the

education system. As we know, in schools and universities, all deadlines are set a year

in advance. Because of the coronavirus pandemic, students cannot sort out their

subjects. Universities have changed the dates of tests and exams and all studies have

been transferred online. The uncertainty is what scares students. In an epidemic mode,

they cannot pull themselves together and just keep studying.

Hinampas, Murillo, Tan, and Layosa (2018) made a scholastic observation

regarding blended learning in the Philippine set-up. Even beforehand in the previous

years, blended larning plays a big role as a good suggestion and option for more

convenient and optional ways of learning. The authors, focused on the advantages of

blended learning which are to provide quality service of education, while having some

different adjustments from time to time to deal with the possible needs of the learners.

In this manner, many options like online class, digital and modular arise from time to

time.
Related Studies

According to Aleksander Aristovnik, Ph.D (2020), the COVID-19 crisis corroborate

the concerns of international institutions like the United Nation, which stress the

importance of the efficient delivery of educational programs in order to avoid digital,

social, economic and gender inequalities. Policymakers on all levels should invest in

digital literacy and infrastructure, while educational institutions should provide flexible

delivery methods, digital platforms and modernized user-friendly curricula to both

students and teachers. All authorities involved in higher education systems and the

well-being of students, who constitute an extremely important segment of the

population, should prepare a set of proactive measures in the higher education arena so

as to ensure the proper support for students and their healthy development in these

ever-changing circumstances caused by the pandemic.

The pandemic has shone a spotlight on inequality in America: School closures

and social isolation have affected all students, but particularly those living in poverty.

Adding to the damage to their learning, a mental health crisis is emerging as many

students have lost access to services that were offered by schools. Youki Terada (2020)

Custodio (2020), “Blended Learning is the new normal Philippine Education”,

acceptance should be taken into consideration to avoid doubts and hesitations in terms

of having the blended learning system in the country. In such ways, the Philippine

Government should always provide a good assistance and guidance for the betterment

of the educational system. Also, a well-informed citizens will be a good product for the
present pandemic time, to assess if blended learning is still appropriate to be

entertained or not.

Calamlam (2016), “Effectiveness of Blended Learning Approach Classroom

Environment", having no face-to-face teaching and learning process, classroom

environment are already adjusted since the beginning of the school year. The online

classroom is the new environmental approach which is very unusual and delicate for

the condusiveness of teaching and learning process.

Theoretical Framework

An attributional theory of achievement readiness, applications and assurance.

Proposes a theory of these three in which causal ascriptions play a key role.

Understanding how students acquire and develop knowledge in a blended learning

environment by examining learning theories and learning styles relating to the blended

learning environment, was crucial in the development, design and delivery of blended

learning interventions with a focus on chosen pedagogical principles.

Conceptual Framework

This section provides the flow and framework of the study. The study consisted

of three elements which were the input, process and output.

 Input consisted of the information or profile where the source of data came

from. It included the student, a questionnaire was used and an unstructured interview

to validate the responses.

The process dealt with the step associated to obtain the result of the entire

study. It involved the gathering of data through distribution of questionnaires,

conducting interview, analysing and interpreting the data to provide conclusion and

recommendations.

The output of this study were be the result of the gathered data to support the

determination of the factors.

Figure 2

Conceptual Paradigm

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Conducting an Effectiveness of
Interview
Students (unstructured) Blended learning on

Questionnaires/ Distribution of OLLCF in the accademic

Questionnaires
Checklist performance of
Gathering Data
Unstructured
Analyze the Data criminology students
Interview
Interpret the Data