q>a+

The Divine Syllable

-wpvsgf dl>z dT,Dv'G

t'ujiog@ f>ujWg drFje@

epiP VjVw s[r IPVgridlBg@ b>dq+ali m

qVp,t s[ ugrV dry bdZbjaq sj fiq qh,ar ] m f+jygV diLgbJ qpVgbJ V[ dHl qh,ar
} lqN w[ q>a=J@ Lv'wJ a[ f+jioVjrJ sg iyVj wgag@ duhC[ ljc[ a,w r[sJ@ LjlaiJ ba[

RpfdVLsJ s[ iPf dry fhp.y[ hV m dHhVJ e+.oJ dry iphjVgba s[ bda udBv drdLbJ
Rpfi dZbjV ds,aj debj ] m r[sJ b>si bjfS[ dHLB sg bijZVj vHg wHg f+wji sgbJ
ljZVJ f,ZagbJ a[ dwdibjrJ s,lgbJ eHgbJ hV m RphVJ bV[w f+wji sgbJ ljZVJ

f,ZagbJ dry q>a+ bijZVj sj dHw drL[L lojV ] u' hpS aw sgbJ bV[w l.f+sjrJ@
ljZPbJ@ diLgbJ@ qpVgbJ@ bz'igbJ@ rjq qjieg bjds bdZbjaqw l`i a[ ujS rjv[
lqPhJ V[ bfSjHg ] ba[ dHls[ q,har Wji[ e'LBgbj wgagbJ hV m q>a+ Wji[ u' fdhvj

dryji dqvsj ] Rph dHh ] dw^

q.a= ^ ##qVVja a+jI[a[ dHda q>a=jh$$
#Rph u' qVV wiVI'e ] Rphg q.a+ ]$ m q>a+ } qVV spbjij lpiwLj wiV rjvj b,ti

lqPh dwhj uJsj ] m q>a+ bjfS[ bjijZI sg f+dadW>Wa bjdw=ag f[L wisj h'dHbj Rpl
biPf Lwag s[ Rpadw+LB Fjr drbwag s[ bVpFr uea dry RpajiV vHg lhjHg hp.sj
] m dHh ujSV dry bjdHbj ] dw qVp,tg uea b>si bdZbjaqw RpyjHgbJ } siljRpS

rjvgbJ l,yjHgbJ@ wvfVJ@ dqo ba[ f+joVj b.si d;bjsj ?PWlPiag Vjv l.FjvgbJ uj
lwsgbJ hV WVlfa dHl s[ dw RphVJ } a,ojaqw iPf dry wdhS sg w'dLL wgag ujr[ m
dHhg wjiS ] dw bdZbjaqw dvtaJ sgbJ lqla drZjrJ dry dqo ba[ f+joVj iPf hpS

aw lF a'G L+[LB drZj ru'G b.dwa h'dHbj ] dur[G dw r[sJ s[ l.dhaj ba[ RpfdVLs Fje
ljc[ bdZb{V ba[ fnV fjnV vHg q"uPs hV m q.a+ } ?jl LWsJ sg lpdVldya aiagW

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Copyright 2011 Naad Pargaas Amritsar. www.NaadPargaas.org
rg dwhj ] fi.aP q.a+ LWsJ sg aiagW qjai VhgG ] m q>a+ s[ LjWdsw bio \bei wga[
uj lwS| Rpls[ ih,lqHg bjFj q>cv ba[ dHl s[ fjiv"dww bVpFr sj dw>yV qja= Fje
] m r[s b>si q>a= } fiqjaqj sj f+q[I iPf rg dwhj ] m q>a+ } r[s s[ yiV dwhj uJsj
dihj ] dul ai%J w'Hg drbwag yiV idha dwa[ VhgG uj lwsj Yr[G hg r[s rg q>a+ a'G
dWVJ blhjH[ ] m q>a+ r[sJ s[ braiS vHg fdhvg f"Cg ru'G ] m r[sJ sg iyVj q>a+J s[

iPf dry hg h'Hg ] ba[ diLg u' q>a+ ujf dry wisj ] ba[ dul spbjij q>a+ iyVj hp.sg ]@
} q>a+ iy{aj wdhS s[ WujH[ q>a+ s=LBj dwhj uJsj ] m Fjr Rph dul Rpfi f+FP s[ q>a+ iPf
s[ siLV sg W?dLL h'Hg ] m q>a+ qVp,tg qV vHg loPPv iPf WSw[ ljhqS[ bjH[ hV ba[

bjfS[ dVijwi bijZI s[ ljwLjawji vHg ljZV WSs[ hV m bdZbjaq s[ bda lP?q
bVpFrJ } FjLj Vjv s,lSj VjqpqdwV ] f+>aP q>a= dHw bduhj LWs lqPh ] dulsj qVV
bjfS[ b>si bdZbjaq sgbJ WjigwgbJ v{ w[ yvsj ] m RpfdVLsJ qpajWw q>a= ujf dHw

b{lg bB,v l,yjHg ] dul } NpnvjdHbj VhgG uj lwsj m RpfdVLsJ qpajWw hi qVp,t q>a=
ujf dry drblo ] m qVp,t s[ lpbjl v{S lq[G wiqrji #hwji$ ba[ #lwji$ sgbJ Z:VgbJ
f{sj hp.sgbJ hV ba[ dHhVJ s[ q[v Vjv #h.l q.a+$ sj VjqwiV hp.sj ] m

lVjaV qa s[ e.+oJ dry q>a=I'e sg yiyj wgag eHg ] dul sj Fjr dHl ai%J wgaj
debj ] dw l.wvf drwvf sj qV us h[nvg L[+Sg a'G Rpfi Rpnw[ RpVqV ldoag dry
fhp.y uJsj ] as LWs qpeZ ldoag f+jfa hp.sg ] dul } q>a+I'e dwhj uJsj ] m lVjaV

qa s[ yji la.F hV dHVJ sg bijZVj Rpfi lVjaV qa tCg ] ba[ Rph hV ^ e.ej@
eRP@ egaj ba[ ejdHa+g m ejdHa+g dHw q>a= ru'G ujdSbj uJsj ] u' lVjaV qa dry
yji r[sJ@ A[ LjlaiJ ba[ lqla RpfdVLsJ dry fiq ldawjdia ba[ bijZVj sj w[Gsi

dihj ] m dHl q>a+ s[ bjijZI dHLB lPiI s[r hV m edHa+g Wji[ dHh dwhj debj ] dw
##ejIV a.a+jdHag lj ejdHa+g$$

(She who protects those who sing of her is ‘Gayatri’)

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 l+g qsFera egaj b>si l+g dw+LV ug V[ dwhj ] dw #q>a+J b>si q{G ejdHa+g hJ$ m

q>a+J sg deSag bV.a ] m q>a+J dry wpN Wgu q>a= hp.s[ hV@ u' bV[w f+wji s[ q>a+J } uVq
ds.s[ hV m u' l.ldw=a s[ b b,ti a'G wLI b,ti aw WSai dry bjRpGs[ hV m Wgu q>a+
drL[L LWs b>LJ \Syllables| } ds,ag l.eIj ] m lVjaV f+>fij dry Wgu q>a+ sg f+jfag
dLL } sgdtbj lq[G epiP spbjij hp.sg lg ba[ epiP hg dHlsg ujf drZg slsj lg m dHl vHg

Wgu q>a+ } hjdlv wiVj@ dHlsj ujf wiVj ba[ ujf drZg w'Hg bjfhpsig ljZVj f,Zag
VhgG ] m Wgu q>a+ } epiP spbjij dLL s[ dhis[ sg FPqg a[ dwl[ Wgu rJe hg Wgdubj uJsj
] ba[ dHl sg l[rj l.Fjv rg epiP sg s[t~i[t dry hp.sg ] m dHl ai%J epiP hg dVldya

wisj ] dw dwl dLL vHg dwhCj Wgu q>a+ RpfI'e dry dvbjRpSj ] m dHl aiJ q>a+
spbjij epiP ba[ dLL s[ sidqbjV dHw ih,lqHg l.W.Z ba[ l.rjs wjdHq hp.sj ] m dHl
l.W.Z } blgG lVjaV qa dry h'Hg q>a+J spbjij fdhvg f+jfag rg wdh lws[ hJ m Wgu

q>a+J sj bj;js iPf dry w'Lea bio bl.Fr ] f+>aP r{dsw f+joVjrJ dry dHhVJ Wgu
q>a+J s[ dHla[qjv Vjv dHhVJ s[ Fjr s,lS sg w'dLl h'Hg ] m drLr Fi sgbJ ljZVj
f,ZagbJ dry dVu } ujedia wiV rjvgbJ ljZVjrJ dry q>a+ sj f+I'e lF a'G r,Z

h'dHbj ] m lVjaV qa b>si bV[w bduh[ q>a+ hV duV%J sj bio wiVj qpLdwv hg VhgG
VjqpqdwV ]@ dur[G Yq@ lrjhj@ hgG@ Vqh s[ ujf sg irjdHa b,u rg y,vg bj ihg ]
dulsj lqifS bioJ a'G fjiejqg ] m f+>aP dHhVJ Wgu q>a+J } wHg f+wji Vjv h'i

fdr,ai r[s ryVJ Vjv dqvjw[ ejdHbj uJsj ] m dHw q>a+ sj bjwji dHw LWs b>L a'G
l.fPiV lapag aw h' lwsj ] m q>a+ sj bVprjs VhgG h' lwsj m q>a+ sj RpyjiS ba[ LWs
uCa bWsv hp.sgbJ hV m dHhVJ dry dwl[ f=wji sj Wsvjr VhgG wgaj uj lwsj m q>a+

spbjij bjaqj s[ bVpFr ligi dry Rpaji[ uJs[ hV m q>a+ s[ bdZbjaqw bVpFrJ sj
rjhS rg dwhj uJsj dihj ] m q>a+ sj bVpFr dVi'v ih,lrjsg spVgbJ sg aiuqjVg
wisj ] ba[ dHhVJ s[ a[u a[ f+FjrJ a'G qpVwi VhgG h'dHbj uj lwsj m

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 q>a+ sj ujf epiP spbjij s,lgbJ drZgbJ Vjv I.aira wgaj uJsj ] ba[ q>a+ s[
RpyjiS Fje a[ ?jl dZbjV ds,aj uJsj ] m q>a+ sj ll:i fjn hg Rpaq s,dlbj debj ] m
q>a+ sj lhg iPf dry dHla[qjv wiVj lpSV ba[ RpyjiS a[ bjZjdia ] V dw lqN
Rpfi m Fjr q>a+ sgbJ ih,lqHg ajwaJ s[ l`i dry Wp,Zg/aiw/L.wj sj w'Hg lojV VhgG m
dwl[ dHLB s[r sg bijZVj s"ijV dwl[ drL[L q>a+ sj ujf wis[ lq[G dHl s[ RpyjiS } hg

ljZVj sj w[Gsi dW.sP WSjdHbj uJsj ] m

lVjaV qa s[ la.DFqI dlZjaJ b.si dHh dlZJa dqvsj ] dw bjaqj sg Rpyaq
lyjHg Vjs iPf ] ba[ dHhg Vjs iPf lqla h'Gs sg iy{aj ] dur[G dw dHl sj f+wjL iPf

h'Sj rg ujdSbj uJsj ] m dHl[ Vjs iPf W+hq sg bijZVj dF>V~dF>V Z:VgbJ spbjij hp.sg
bjHg ] m Vjs iPf dHLB sg bijZVj q>a+J s[ Lp,Z RpyjiS Vjv wgag uJsg ] m q>a+ sg
bijZVj Vjv bijZVj wiV rjv[ s[ y[aVj q>cv } z[isj h'dHbj dHw f+Fj q>cv dabji

hp.sj ] u' dw dHw ih,lqHg aigw[ Vjv bjfS[ w[Gsi spbjij ba[ drbwag sg dudebjlj
spbjij l.yjdva hp.sj ] m bjfS[ w[Gsi a'G bdZbjaqw LwagbJ v{GdsbJ h'dHbJ dHh ljc[
ljhqS[ W+dhq.c sg dHw y[aV Lwag f+ag lqidfa h'S sg dVLjVs[hg wisj ] m q>a+ dwl[

bSdsls[ l.lji sg dy.V%qHg berjHg wisj ] m q>a+ sgbJ ljigbJ ih,lqHg ajwaJ dHl
s[ w[Gsi a'G f+Fjdra hp.sgbJ hV u' dw dwl[ W?dLL rJe dHl } dqvsgbJ hV m #Yq$ Wgu
q>a+ Wji[ dwhj uJsj ] dw dHl sj ih,l dHaVj drLjv ] dw hpS aw sj idybj debj

ljij lVjaV qa sj ljdha dHl dHw Z:Vg sg drbjdtbj sj dW>sP qjai ] m lVjaV qa
spbjij #Yq$ sg Z:Vg Rpl dVijwji LjLra laI sg drbjdtbj vHg wgag eHg hpS aw
sg lF a'G ljiow w'dLL ] m

q>a+ w'Lea bioJ a'G fjiejqg hp.s[ hV f+>aP q>a+ s[ bio dHl s[ ujf ba[ bijZVj
spbjij dqvS rjv[ bVpFr Vjv hg y[aVj s[ cP.z[ q>cvJ dry f+ljdia hp.s[ hV m dHl vHg
q>a+ s[ bio wiVj a[ lqNSj/lqNSjRpSj veFe bl.Fr ] m Wgu q.a+J sj bio idha

h'Sj W+dhq>c sg Rpl rv dy.V%jaqw dHLjij wisj ] dul sg l,yjHg@ hpS aw s[ f+jfa

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wga[ qVp,tg bioJ a'G fi[ ] m q>a+ bVpFr s[ rjhS WS w[ dHl dsls[ l.lji a'G fi%[
bSdsls[ l.lji sj bVpFr wijRpGs[ hV m dur[G dw wn'RpfdVLs s[ dHw lPai a'G blgG
ujS lws[ hJ dw ##VjIqjaqJ f+ryV[V vFI'$$ Fjr dHh Rph l,yjHgbJ hV u' v`;J Vjv

VhgG ujSgbJ uj lwsgbJ m q>a+ drbwag sg wvfVj Lwag@ l.wvf Lwag ba[ dH>s+gbJ
} Wjhiqptg l.lji a'G Rpfi yp,w w[ b>si s[ ih,lqHg l.lji sj Nvwjij ds.sj ] ba[ dHw

wCg ru'G ridabj uJsj ] u' ligi ba[ bjaqj sg dF.Vaj ba[ lqiPf } dHw dAS@
lojV s[ dHw up; dry lqiPf siljRpS sj lPyw WSw[ dryisj ] m q>a+ Rpfi w[Gsdia
wgaj dZbjV bjaqw RpyjHgbJ vHg lhjHg hp.sj ] m q>a+ dVijwji l,y sj bjwjiea

b>LiPf ] ba[ Rpl bV.a sj dASF.ei Nvwjij ] ba[ y[aVj s[ Rpfiv[ q>cvJ aw
dvujS sj rjhV iPf ] m
q>a+ ujf Vjv l.W.dZa h'i rg bV[w f+wji sgbJ f,ZagbJ upCgbJ hV dur[G dw q>a+ s[

RpyjiS lq[G f{sj hp.s[ Z:Vg s[ Lwag iPf y,wi wHg rlaPbJ ba[ i.eJ a'G f+Fjdra hp.s[ hV
ba[ dHhVJ hg i.eJ ba[ rlaPbJ s[ dHla[qjv s[ l.w[a dqvs[ hV m q>a+ RpyjiS lq[G
dViqjS h'S rjv[ Z:Vg s[ Lwag iPf y,wi bjwjL r,v f+rjdha hp.s[ hV ba[ bjfSj

f+Fjr A,cs[ hV m fpijaV diLgbJ qpVgbJ V[ wHg bduhgbJ drZgbJ sg dHujs wgag aJ
dw drlidua h' ihg Lwag } dHls[ w[Gsi r,v f+rjdha wi dHls[ f+Fjr } f+ejC wgaj
uj lw[ m dHhVJ dry f+qp,t iPf ips+jtL sj lg m dHl sj bjwji ba[ dHl sg wpsiag f=dw=ag

Lwag s[ Z:Vg Lwag s[ Z:Vg iPf } ?vjb dry drlidua h'S a'G WyjRpGsg ] ba[
drZgra dHw a'G sPlij RpyjiS h'i rg lLwa hp.sj yvj uJsj ] m dHl[ ai%J dHh epS
w[lig@ fgv[ ba[ Vgv[ i.e dry h'i rg d;bjsj ePC% iPf dry fjdHbj debj ] m dl,t f>o

b.si dHh i.e W?dLL iPf dry ?jvlj } dqv[ hV m wpN lj; u' f+Fjr Vjv wpsiag a"i
$a[ f+qjdSw h' ep;i[ hV duV%J } blgG aJag~lj; wiw[ ujSs[ hJ m
dl,t f.o dry dHl lq[G LWs q>a+ ZjiVj s[ iPf dF>Vaj rjv[ Vpwa[ dVejh dH?dabji

wi yp,w[ hV m duV%J wjiS f.o dry bjfhpsi[ yvV r[tS } dqv ih[ m dHl a'G ljc[@ dHh

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waHg V vH[ ujS dw dHh ijh dwl[ fPir dViZjia wPB Vgag wjiV h' dihj ] m dwl[ rg
Zjidqw lqpsjdH dry us w'Hg rg dZi bjfSg dryji v{ w[ Rpnsg ] aJ Rplsj fdhvj
wjiV u' lqdNbj uJsj ] Rph Ziq s[ w[Gsig Vpwa[ a'G fvjdHV ] u' dw dwl[ h,s aw lhg
rg ] f+.aP dHh ;iPig VhgG dHh fvjdHV l'dybj lqdNbj h'r[ m lpida s[ l`i dry bV[wJ
f+wji s[ fCjb bjRpGs[ hV duV%J wjiV bdZbjaqw dxiw[ bjfSj iPf dH?dabji wis[

hV ba[ bjfSj iPhjVg l`i a{b wis[ h'H[ iPh s[ dwl[ lJN[ w[Gsi r,v bjfSg lqioj
qpajdWw wsq fpBs[ hV m dl,t f.o dry rg wpN b{lgbJ hg ldoagbJ r[tS } dqv ihgbJ
hV u' W[L,w f>o s[ w[Gsig LWs lpida s[ zi s[ hjSs[ aJ VhgG fi.aP dxi rg bjfS[

lqifS wjiS ldawji s[ fjai hV m b{lgbJ hg #LWs epiP$ ba[ #rjdhepiP$ q>a+ sg
drbjdtbj rjvgbJ dl,t l.lojrJ ljc[ ds+LBge'yi h' ihgbJ hV m duV%J dry wpN aJ
bjfS[ bvf hng bjZjiJ Vjv dl,t f>o } lqidfa hV m duV%J qpajdWw epiqda

qdibjsj w'Hg hn iPf v{ y,pwg ]@ dul s[ Wgu iPf l'q[ hn I'e@ a.a+ ba[ b"zC f>o dry
fAjS[ uj lws[ hV m dHh ijh ds+LBqjV uea sg w'qv yjv Vjv dwl[ lPtq l.apvV sg
bSh'Gs wjiV Iojiow uea a'G fvjdHV wi bjfSg s[h Rpfi hn s[ wry wp.cv

fdhV v{Gsg ] m dHl hn wry dry Rph W[L,w dwl[ lP`gbjVj hjv sg brloj rjvg
RpyjHg } fwCsj ] uJ I'eg s[ wp.cdvVg uejRpS rjv[ debjV ba[ bV.s s[ y,wi
uejRpGsj ] m blgG ujSs[ hJ dw fPir Ip,e dry ljZwJ spbjij t'ugbJ eHgbJ ljZVj

f,ZagbJ lpida s[ r,t r,t q>cvJ sgbJ vtjdHw hV fi.aP I'e ba[ lP`gbjVj hjv sgbJ
RpyjHgbJ bjfSg wqjHg fdhvJ hg epiqda ljei dry F[B wi yp,wgbJ hV m dur[G dw
#dlZ e'ldB$ ba[ WjWj `igs ug s[ lv'w dHl ijh } fPiSaj a,w dvbjRpS s[ ljtg hV m

dHl ijh sgbJ dri'Zg dl,t l.lojrJ qdibjsj s[ hn iPf a'G qpVwi h' w[ yvsgbJ
hV m b{l[ l.enV hn iPf qdibjsj } w[rv bio drhPSg w,BCaj sl w[ dV>ss[ hV dul
} fPiV iPf dry lrgdw+ag VhgG ds,ag uj lwsg m dHl qpajdWw hi bdZbjaqw siu s[

RpfI'ejaqw ba[ w'Lea bio br,Lw hV m dHl dry iPhjVgba dHw lqju lpZji sj

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eiu fPig wiV a,w lgqa wi ds,ag uJsg ] ba[ iPh s[ wjv a'G Wjhi[ fjlji dWvwpv
qV`g wi ds,a[ uJs[ hV m dl,t f.o Ziag Rpfi W?dLL iPf dry bjdHbj ] ba[ qVp,t }
Rpls[ bda br,Lw wjiu bwjv sg Rplada ejdHV sg uC% vjRpsj ] dul dry hg
Rplsg qpwag@ dVirjS ba[ s[h vHg l.ljdiw v'CJ sg fPiag s[ ijh rg fAjS[ uj lws[
hV m LWs s[ w'Lea bioJ Rpfi ;'i s[S Vjv qVp,t V[ W[Lw f,Aq s[ f=Fjr bjfS[ Rpfi

ajig wga[ hV f+.aP dHh hjdlv blv dry bjfSg iPh } qji w[rv ligi } hg w[Gsi
q>VS rjvg bwv rjvj ] m duo'G dHh wjdHVja bjfSj bjwji v{Gsg ] ba[ qpC dWlijq
fjRpGsg ] Rpl iPh s[ uv"b rjv[ q>cvJ dry bwv sg bjqs ridua ] m dur[G h;ia

qPlj dlVjHg fiWa RpKDa[ VPig NjCg dry ?psjHg sgsji wiV a'G fdhvJ u'C[ RpajiV sj
Q{Wg bjs[L f+jfa wgaj lg@ dHl[ f+wji iPh s[ q>cvJ dry sj?v h'S a'G fdhvJ bwv }
Q{i~hj;ig sj hpwq ] m #dabje dlbjSf yjaig$ s[ FjS[ dry hg epiP Ljh ie a'G V[C[

Fjlsj ] m dur[G dw dHlvjdqw `wgiJ sj wdhSj ] dw wpijV } wpijV sg dVejh Vjv hg

fAjdSbj uj lwsj ] m
dHl aiJ qdibjsj s[ hn iPf ba[ bwvg ijh sgbJ RpyjHgbJ } bjfS[ dry

lqjRpGsj epi q>a= dHl vpwjHg } W?dLL iPf dry dqdvbj ] ba[ Vjqp s[ ujf spbjij hg
lpida s[ lji[ q>cv@ l,y~t>c dry dVrjl fjRpGs[ hV m qPv q>a= ba[ #rjdhepiP$ q>a+ s[
ujf~f+Fjr Wji[ wHg f+wji s[ drdtbjV rg dqvs[ hV m hi q>a+ bfSgbJ LwagbJ@

wjqVjrJ ba[ dHhVJ } xvgFPa wiV s[ f+Fjr Vjv v{ w[ yvsj ]@ fi.aP #rjdhepiP$ q>a=
sg f+dwiag wjqVjrJ sg f+jfag ba[ ljZVj s[ LjlaigI dVqVJ a'G dF>V ] m #rjdhepiP
q>a= sj f+wjL ba[ ujf@ lqPh q>a= LwagbJ ba[ ljZVj f,ZagbJ } bjfS[ dry lqjdha

wi v{S sg lqi,oj wjiV dF>V f+dwiag sj ] m #rjdhepi$P q>a+ sj ujf qVp,tg y[aVj s[
drd*a ba[ drwvJdea iPf vHg drlqjsp ba[ epiP Rplada e+dhS wiVI'e WSjRpS vHG
#xvgFPa h'Hg bisjl$ iPf ] m dHl vHg qVp,t #rjdhepiP q>a= s[ ujf spbjij y[aVj s[

wjqVjqPvw lpFjb@ hn iPfg ljZVj f,ZagbJ@ fjiv"dww LwagbJ s[ wjve+la ba[

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Copyright 2011 Naad Pargaas Amritsar. www.NaadPargaas.org
lojVe+la ije~sr{L a'G qpwag fj@ bwjv fpit sg Rplada iPf W?dLL fjRpGsj ] ba[
b{lj lqifS #dl,t$ h'Gs sg f+qjdSwaj ] m

Kuldip Singh is Research Fellow, School of Punjabi Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University,
Amritsar and can be reached at kuldeepsinghdhillon@gmail.com.

Tags: Sikhism, Sikhi, Research Papers, Naad Pargaas, Gurbani, Bani, Shabad,

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