Genus
Firmicutes/“Bacilli”/Bacillales/ Planococcaceae/
Sporosarcina
Kluyver and van Niel 1936, 401AL emend. Yoon, Lee, Weiss, Kho, Kang and Park 2001b, 1085
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
The Editorial Board,
Spo.ro.sar.ci’na. Gr. n. spora a spore; L. fem. n. sarcina a
package, bundle; N.L. fem. n. Sporosarcina a sporeform-
ing package.
Endospore forming cocci or rods. Gram positive
or variable. Most species are motile. Strict or fac-
ultative aerobes. Catalase positive. Most species are
also oxidase and urease positive. Nitrate reduction
to nitrite is variable. Optimum growth temperature
and pH are 20–30∘ C and 6.5–8, respectively. Many
species grow at low temperatures <10∘ C. Many species
are also halotolerant and grow at <3–15% NaCl.
Cell wall peptidoglycan contains L-lysine at position
3 of the peptide subunit and is the A4α type. The
principal menaquinone is MK-7. Major fatty acid is
C15:0 ante .
DNA G + C content (mol%): 38–46.5.
Type species: Sporosarcina ureae (Beijerinck 1901)
Kluyver and van Niel 1936, 401VP (Planosarcina ureae
Beijerinck 1901, 52.).
..................................................................................
Endospore forming cocci or rods. Gram positive or variable.
Most species are motile. Strict or facultative aerobes. Cata-
lase positive. Most species are also oxidase and urease positive.
Nitrate reduction to nitrite is variable. Optimum growth tem-
perature and pH are 20–30∘ C and 6.5–8, respectively. Many
species grow at low temperatures <10∘ C. Many species are
also halotolerant and grow at <3–15% NaCl. Cell wall pep-
tidoglycan contains L-lysine at position 3 of the peptide sub-
unit and is the A4α type. The principal menaquinone is MK-7.
Major fatty acid is C15:0 ante .
DNA G + C content (mol%): 38–46.5.
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria, Online © 2015 Bergey’s Manual Trust. This article is © 2009 Bergey’s Manual Trust.
DOI: 10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00563. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust.
Type species: Sporosarcina ureae (Beijerinck 1901) Kluyver
and van Niel 1936, 401VP (Planosarcina ureae Beijerinck
1901, 52.).
Number of validated species: 9
Further descriptive information
Coherent clustering of the nine species of Sporosarcina is
suggested by sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA gene.
One study found that Sporosarcina saromensis forms a clus-
ter with the type strains for Sporosarcina aquimarina (97.3%
similarity), Sporosarcina globispora (96.9%), Sporosarcina psy-
chrophila (96.8%), Sporosarcina ureae (96.8%), Sporosarcina
pasteurii (96.0%), and Sporosarcina macmurdoensis (95.9%)
(An et al., 2007). Another study found that Sporosarcina
koreensis forms a cluster with the type strains for Sporosarcina
soli (98.9%), Sporosarcina globispora (97.3%), Sporosarcina
aquimarina (97.2%), and Sporosarcina psychrophila (96.9%)
(Kwon et al., 2007).
Though similar in phenotypic and physiological charac-
teristics, Sporosarcina species may also be distinguished on
the basis of phenotypic differences (see Table 1). The cells
of some species occur singly or in pairs (Sporosarcina globis-
porus, Sporosarcina koreensis, and Sporosarcina macmurdoensis),
whereas others also form clusters or short chains (Sporosarcina
psychrophila and Sporosarcina soli). Endospores can be terminal
(Sporosarcina aquimarina, Sporosarcina globispora, Sporosarcina
koreensis, Sporosarcina pasteurii, Sporosarcina psychrophila, and
Sporosarcina saromensis), subterminal (Sporosarcina macmur-
doensis), or central (Sporosarcina soli). Only two species are
nonmotile (Sporosarcina macmurdoensis and Sporosarcina soli).
All species tested are catalase positive. Only one species is
negative for urease and oxidase (Sporosarcina macmurdoensis).
 2 Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

TABLE 1. Differential phenotypic and physiological characteristics of species of the genus Sporosarcin a a

Characteristic S. ureae S. aquimarina S. globispora S. koreensis S. macmurdoensis S. pasteurii S. psychrophila S. saromensis S. soli
Colony colorb W O W O W W W B O
Cell shapec S R R R R R R R R
Spore positiond NA T T T ST T T T C
Motility + + + + − + + + −
NaCl (%) tolerance 3 13 5 7 3 10 5 9 5
Optimum pH 7 6.5–7.0 7 7 7 9 7 6.5 8
Growth at (∘ C):
5 and 10 NA + + − + NA + + −
30 + + + + − + w + +
40 − − − + − w − + −
Optimum growth 25 25 20–25 30 20 30 25 27 30
temperature (∘ C)
Anaerobic growth − + + − + + + − −
Presence of:
Oxidase + + + + − NA + + +
Urease + + + + − + + + +
Hydrolysis of:
Casein − − − − NA w − − −
Gelatin − + + + + + + + −
Starch − − − − + − + + −
Tween 80 w − − − NA NA − NA −
Tyrosine + w NA − NA NA − NA −
Nitrate reduction + + + − − + + − +
DNA G + C content 40–41.5 40 40 46.5 44 38.5 44.1 46 44.5
(mol%)
a Adapted from Table 1 in Kwon et al., (2007). Symbols: +, positive, −, negative; w, weak, NA, data not available.
b B, beige, O, light orange; W, white.
c R, rod; S, spherical.
d C, central; ST, subterminal; T, terminal.

While Sporosarcina pasteurii is positive for urease, it has not
been tested for catalase and oxidase.
Isolation and enrichment procedures
Isolation is best achieved by plating soil or water dilutions on
an appropriate agar. The growth of Sporosarcina ureae can be
enhanced by addition of 3% urea. Two methods for isolating
Sporosarcina ureae are described in detail in Claus et al. (1991)
and include Claus’s 1981 modification of Gibson’s method
and the method used by Pregerson in 1973. In the former,
about 5 g of dried soil was suspended in 20 ml of sterile tap
water, and the suspension was diluted 1:10 and 1:100. About
0.1 ml of each dilution was streaked on nutrient agar plates
(peptone, 5 g; meat extract, 3 g; agar, 15 g; distilled water,
100 ml) supplemented with 30–100 g urea/liter. After incu-
bation at 25∘ C for 3 or more days, colonies were visible under
a dissecting microscope or by transmitted light. Colonies
were checked microscopically for the sarcina morphology
and restreaked on nutrient agar containing 1% urea for
purification. Testing motility and endospore formation was
used to confirm the provisional identification.
The second method used tryptic soy yeast extract agar
(Difco Tryptic Soy Broth, 27.5 g; Difco Yeast Extract, 5.0 g;
glucose, 5.0 g; Bacto Agar, 15.0 g; distilled water, 1000 ml),

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Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria
which was adjusted to pH 8.5 with NaOH before sterilization.
After sterilization, a filter-sterilized urea solution was added
to give a final concentration of 1% (Claus and Fahmy, 1986).
If cells from picked colonies exhibited motile tetrads and/or
packets under the microscope, the colonies were restreaked
on the same medium for further purification.
Other species were isolated by a variety of methods.
Sporosarcina aquimarina was isolated on trypticase soy agar
(TSA) supplemented with artificial sea water (pH 7.5) (Yoon
et al., 2001b). Sporosarcina koreensis and Sporosarcina soli were
isolated upon dilution and plating of soil on TSA (30∘ C for
2 days) (Kwon et al., 2007). Sporosarcina macmurdoensis was
isolated from a suspension of cyanobacterial mat after plat-
ing on ABM agar (0.5% peptone, 0.2% yeast extract, 1.5%
agar, pH 7.2) (Reddy et al., 2003). Sporosarcina saromensis
was isolated from surface water of Lake Saroma or marine
sediment by plating on JCM57 medium (10 g of glucose, 1.0
g of asparagine, 0.5 g of K2 HPO4 , 2.0 g of yeast extract, 15
g of agar per liter of distilled water, pH adjusted to 7.3) or
1/10 diluted marine agar 2216 (An et al., 2007).
Maintenance procedures
Sporosarcina ureae vegetative cultures grown on nutrient agar
are viable for up to a year when stored at 4–10∘ C in the
dark. Endospores survive several years in screw-capped tubes
under the same conditions (Claus and Fahmy, 1986). In
general, strains of Sporosarcina ureae form spores in nutrient
agar supplemented with urea (final concentration 0.2%) if
incubated at 25∘ C. Addition of 50 mg of MnSO4 H2 O per
liter may enhance sporulation. Good sporulation can also
be expected in the medium of MacDonald and MacDonald
(1962) (see Claus and Fahmy, 1986).
Cryopreservation is recommended for long term storage.
Cryoprotectants in use include skim milk (20%, w/v), serum
containing 5% meso-inositol, glycerol (10%), and DMSO
(5%).
Differentiation of the genus Sporosarcina from other
species
The genus belongs to the family Planococcaceae and can be
differentiated from other family members on the basis of
its morphology, chemotaxonomic markers and 16S rRNA
sequence. Species of Sporosarcina form coccoid or rod-shaped
cells and round or oval endospores. Most species are motile.
All species described so far possess MK-7 as the major
menaquinone and an A4α peptidoglycan type in the cell wall
(Reddy et al., 2003).
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3
Taxonomic comments
Nine species are currently assigned to the genus Sporosarcina.
In the last edition of Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology,
this genus comprised the type species, Sporosarcina ureae, and
Sporosarcina halophila (Claus and Fahmy, 1986). However, sub-
sequent 16S rRNA sequence analyses led to the reassignment
of the latter species to a new genus, Halobacillus (Spring et al.,
1996). Further analyses of Bacillus species discovered close
relationships of Bacillus globisporus, Bacillus psychrophilus, and
Bacillus pasteurii to Sporosarcina ureae, and these organisms
were reclassified as Sporosarcina globispora, Sporosarcina psy-
chrophila, and Sporosarcina pasteurii, respectively (Yoon et al.,
2001b). Five additional species have also been isolated in soil
and water samples.
List of species of the genus Sporosarcina
Sporosarcina ureae
(Beijerinck 1901) Kluyver and van Niel 1936, 401AL
(Planosarcina ureae Beijerinck 1901, 52.)
...................................................................................
ure.ae. N.L. n. urea urea; N.L. gen. n. ureae of urea.
The description is the same as for the genus except
as follows. Cells are spherical or oval cocci (1.0–2.5 μm in
diameter). They occur singly, in pairs, tetrads, and in pack-
ets of eight or more cells as a result of division in two or
three perpendicular planes. Endospores are 0.5–1.5 μm in
diameter. Cells are motile, and flagella are randomly spaced.
Colonies are gray or cream, becoming yellowish, orange, or
brown depending upon the strain and medium. Negative
for acid production from D-glucose and D-xylose. In nature,
it may play an active role in urea decomposition. Other
characteristics are described in Table 1.
DNA G + C content (mol%): 40–42 (Tm ).
Type strain: ATCC 6473, DSM 2281, JCM 2577, LMG 17366,
NBRC 12699, VKM B-595.
GenBank accession number (16S rRNA gene): AF202057.
Sporosarcina aquimarina
Yoon, Lee, Weiss, Kho, Kang and Park 2001b, 1084VP
...................................................................................
a.qui.ma.ri’na. L. n. aqua water; L. adj. marinus of the sea; M.L.
adj. aquimarina pertaining to sea water.
Cells are rods (0.9–1.2 μm × 2.0–3.5 μm) that form round,
terminal endospores in swollen sporangia in 3-day-old cul-
tures on trypticase soy agar. Gram variable. Motile by means
of a single polar flagellum. Colonies are light orange,
smooth, circular to irregular, and raised on TSA. Grows
 4 Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria
in the presence of 13% NaCl but not in the presence of
more than 14% NaCl. Growth occurs at 4 and 37∘ C, but
not at 40∘ C. The optimal growth temperature is 25∘ C.
The optimal pH for growth is 6.5–7.0. Growth is inhib-
ited below pH 5.0. Does not hydrolyze esculin, arbutin,
casein, hypoxanthine, starch, Tween 80, and xanthine.
Negative for deamination of arginine and production of
indole. Acid is produced from N-acetylglucosamine, esculin,
fructose, glycerol, 5-ketogluconate, ribose, and D-tagatose
but not from erythritol, D-arabinose, L-arabinose, D-xylose,
L-xylose, adonitol, β-methyl-D-xyloside, galactose, glucose,
mannose, sorbose, rhamnose, dulcitol, inositol, manni-
tol, sorbitol, α-methyl-D-mannoside, α-methyl-D-glucoside,
amygdalin, arbutin, salicin, cellobiose, maltose, lactose,
melibiose, sucrose, trehalose, inulin, melezitose, raffinose,
starch, glycogen, xylitol, gentiobiose, D-turanose, D-lyxose,
D-fucose, L-fucose, D-arabitol, L-arabitol, gluconate, and
2-ketogluconate. The major fatty acid is C15:0 ante . Isolated
from sea water in Korea. Other characteristics are included
in Table 1 and the genus description.
DNA G + C content (mol%): 40 (HPLC).
Type strain: SW28, JCM 10887, KCCM 41039.
GenBank accession number (16S rRNA gene): AF202056.
Sporosarcina globispora
(Larkin and Stokes 1967) Yoon, Lee, Weiss, Kho,
Kang, and Park 2001b, 1085VP (Bacillus globisporus
Larkin and Stokes 1967, 892.)
...................................................................................
glo.bis’por.a. L. n. globus a sphere; N.L. n. spora a spore; N.L.
fem. adj. globispora with spherical spores.
Cells are rods (usually 0.9–1.0 μm × 2.5–4.0 μm) with
rounded ends. They occur singly or in pairs, stain uniformly,
and are motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Gram
positive or Gram variable. They form terminal to subtermi-
nal (sometimes slightly lateral), thick-walled, easily stained
spores (1.0–1.1 μm in diameter). Colonies on nutrient agar
are off-white, raised, and irregular with lobate to undulate
margins. In glucose broth, growth occurs under anaerobic
conditions. Growth is the same on nutrient agar, glucose agar,
and tyrosine agar, but better on soybean agar and trypticase
soy agar. No growth or scant growth on glucose nitrate agar
and proteose-peptone acid agar. Moderate turbidity forms
with sediment in nutrient broth. A small curd forms in litmus
milk, which becomes slightly alkaline, after 3 weeks of growth.
No indole production. Using ammonium salts as the source
of nitrogen, cells form acid but not gas from glucose, lactose,
sucrose, and glycerol but not from mannitol, arabinose,
and xylose. However, no acid is formed from lactose in the
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presence of an organic nitrogen source. Negative for starch
hydrolysis, acetylmethylcarbinol production, and citrate
utilization. Maximum temperature for growth is 20–25∘ C.
Grows and sporulates at 0∘ C. Isolated from soil and river
water. Other characteristics are included in Table 1 and the
genus description.
DNA G + C content (mol%): 39.7 (Bd), 39.8 (Tm ).
Type strain: 785, Larkin and Stockes W 25, ATCC 23301,
CCUG 7419, CIP 103266, DSM 4, HAMBI 471, NBRC 16082,
JCM 10046, LMG 6928, NRRL NRS-1533, NRRL B-3396, VKM
B-1435.
GenBank accession number (16S rRNA gene): X54967,
X68415.
Sporosarcina koreensis
Kwon, Kim, Song, Weon, Schumann, Tindall,
Stackebrandt and Fritze 2007, 1697VP
...................................................................................
ko.re.en’sis. N.L. fem. adj. koreensis referring to Korea, where
the isolates were collected.
The species characteristics are the same as those of
the genus except as follows. Cells are sporeforming rods
(0.5–0.7 μm × 2.5–3.0 μm) occurring singly or in short
chains. Gram positive. They form mainly oval, terminal
endospores in swollen sporangia. Colonies are light orange
(after 2 days on TSA at 30∘ C). Growth is strictly aerobic
and does not occur in >7% NaCl. The growth temperature
range is 15–40∘ C (optimum, 30∘ C), and growth pH range
is 6.0–9.0 (optimum, 7.0; no growth at pH 5.7 or 10.0).
Negative for anaerobic growth, formation of indole and
dihydroxyacetone, in the Voges–Proskauer test, for pheny-
lalanine deamination, and acid production from D-glucose,
L-arabinose, D-xylose, and D-mannitol. No utilization of citrate
or propionate. The major fatty acids are C15:0 iso and C15:0 ante .
The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phos-
phatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified
phospholipid, and two unidentified aminophospholipids.
The type strain was isolated from upland soil in Suwon,
Korea. Other characteristics are included in Table 1.
DNA G + C content (mol%): 46.5 (HPLC).
Type strain: F73, DSM 16921, KACC 11299.
GenBank accession number (16S rRNA gene): DQ073393.
Sporosarcina macmurdoensis
Reddy, Matsumoto and Shivaji 2003, 1364VP
...................................................................................
mac.mur.do.en’sis. N.L. fem. adj. macmurdoensis pertaining to
the McMurdo Region, Antarctica, where the isolates were col-
lected.
Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria
Cells are single, nonmotile, rods and form subterminal
spores. Gram positive. Colonies (2–3 mm in diameter) are
white, circular, flat, and opaque. They tolerate a maximum
of 3% (w/v) NaCl and grow at pH 6–9 (pH 7 is optimum
for growth) and at psychrophilic temperatures (4–25∘ C;
18–20∘ C is optimal for growth). They do not hydrolyze
esculin or reduce nitrate to nitrite. They are negative for
lipase, β-galactosidase, arginine dihydrolase, arginine decar-
boxylase, lysine decarboxylase, indole production, methyl
red test, and Voges–Proskauer test. Neither acid nor gas is
produced from L-arabinose, D-fructose, D-galactose, lactose,
D-mannose, D-mannitol, L-rhamnose, sucrose, or D-xylose. Uti-
lizes dulcitol, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-glucose, meso-inositol,
lactose, D-maltose, D-mannose, pyruvate, D-raffinose, D-xylose,
and L-glutamic acid as sole carbon sources but not acetate,
adonitol, L-arabinose, D-cellobiose, cellulose, citrate, dex-
tran, glucose, meso-erythritol, fumaric acid, glycerol, inulin,
lactic acid, D-mannitol, D-melibiose, melezitose, L-rhamnose,
D-ribose, sorbitol, D-sorbose, sucrose, succinic acid, tre-
halose, thioglycollate, L-alanine, L-arginine, L-aspartic acid,
L-aspargine, L-glutamine, L-lysine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine,
L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline,
L-serine, L-threonine, L-tyrosine, L-tryptophan, or L-valine.
Sensitive to amikacin, ampicillin, amoxycillin, bacitracin,
carbenicillin, cefazoline, cefaperazone, cephotaxime,
chloramphenicol, chlorotetracycline, co-trimoxazole,
ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, furazolidone, furoxone, gen-
tamicin, kanamycin, lomefloxacin, nalidixic acid, neomycin,
nitrofurazone, nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin, novobiocin,
nystatin, oxytetracycline, penicillin, polymyxin-B, rifampin,
roxithromycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, tobramycin,
trimethoprim and vancomycin, but resistant to cefuroxime,
colistin, and lincomycin. Peptidoglycan type is L-Lys– D-Glu
of the A4α variant. The major fatty acids include C16:1 iso in
addition to C15:0 ante . Other characteristics are included in
Table 1 and the genus description.
DNA G + C content (mol%): 44 (Tm ).
Type strain: CMS 21w, CIP 107784, DSM 15428, MTCC
4670.
GenBank accession number (16S rRNA gene): AJ514408.
Sporosarcina pasteurii
(Miquel 1889) Yoon, Lee, Weiss, Kho, Kang and Park
2001b, 1085VP (Urobacillus pasteurii Miquel 1889, 519;
Bacillus pasteurii Chester 1898, 47.)
...................................................................................
pas.teur’i.i. N.L. gen. n. pasteurii of Pasteur; named for Louis
Pasteur, French chemist and bacteriologist.
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5
Cells are rods, 0.5–1.2 × 1.3–4 μm. Colonies are usu-
ally circular and glossy and have variable opacity and size,
depending on the medium. In liquid media, growth is turbid
with slimy deposits but rarely a fragile pellicle. Cultures are
very adept at converting urea to ammonium carbonate, but
this activity frequently decreases upon transfer in artificial
media. Requires alkaline medium (optimum pH ca. 9)
containing NH3 (1% NH4 Cl). Growth in culture medium
is supported by casein hydrolyzate (pH 8.5–9.5), ammonia,
thiamine, and for some strains, biotin, and nicotinic acid.
Isolated from soil, sewage, and incrustrations on urinals.
Other characteristics are included in Table 1 and the genus
description.
DNA G + C content (mol%): 38.4 (Bd), 38.5 (Tm ).
Type strain: ATCC 11859, CCUG 7425, CIP 66.21, DSM 33,
LMG 7130, NCCB 48021, NCIMB 8841, NCTC 4822, NRRL
NRS-673, VKM B-513.
GenBank accession number (16S rRNA gene): X60631.
Sporosarcina psychrophila
(Nakamura 1984) Yoon, Lee, Weiss, Kho, Kang, and
Park 2001b, 1085VP (Bacillus psychrophilus Nakamura
1984, 122.)
...................................................................................
psy.chro’phil.a. Gr. adj. psychros cold; Gr. adj. philos liking, pre-
ferring; N.L. adj. psychrophila preferring cold.
Rod-shaped (0.5–1.0 μm × 3.0–7.0 μm). Cells occur singly
and in chains. Gram positive. Motile. Round endospores
produced in swollen sporangia. Colonies (1–2 mm in diame-
ter) are nonpigmented, translucent, slightly raised, circular,
entire, smooth, and slightly glossy. Grows anaerobically in
the presence of glucose. Acetylmethylcarbinol, indole, and
hydrogen sulfide are not produced. Arginine-, lysine-, and
ornithine-decomposing enzymes are not produced. Acetate,
fumarate, malate, and succinate, but not citrate, are uti-
lized. No growth occurs at pH 5.6 or 5.7. Litmus milk is
unchanged at 7 d. Temperature for growth ranges from
0–3∘ C to 30∘ C and is optimum at 25∘ C. Acid but no gas is
produced from D-fructose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-mannitol,
maltose, D-ribose, sucrose, trehalose, and D-xylose. Isolated
from soil and river water. Other characteristics are included
in Table 1 and the genus description.
DNA G + C content (mol%): 44.1 (Bd).
Type strain: ATCC 23304, CCM 2117, BCRC 11738, CCUG
28886, CIP 103267, DSM 3, IAM 12468, NBRC 15381, JCM
9075, LMG 6929, NRRL B-3397, NRRL NRS-1530, W16A.
GenBank accession number (16S rRNA gene): D16277,
X60634.
 6 Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria
Sporosarcina saromensis
An, Haga, Kasai, Goto and Yokata 2007, 1870VP
...................................................................................
sa.ro.men’sis. N.L. fem. adj. saromensis pertaining to Lake
Saroma, where the type strain was collected.
Cells are sporeforming rods (0.8–1.0 μm × 2.0–3.2 μm).
Gram positive. They form spherical, terminal endospores.
Colonies are circular, convex, and beige on TSA medium
containing 50% Herbst’s artificial sea water. The growth
temperature range is 5–40∘ C (optimum, 27∘ C; no growth
at 45∘ C) and growth pH range is 5.5–9.0 (optimum, 6.5).
Negative for formation of indole, H2 S, and acetoin, and
tests for arginine hydrolase, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine
decarboxylase, tryptophan deaminase, and citrate utilization.
Acid is not produced from carbohydrates in the API 50CHI
gallery. L-Lys-D-Glu is the cell wall peptidoglycan type. The
major fatty acids are C15:0 iso and C15:0 ante . The major polar
lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and
phosphatidylethanolamine. The type strain was isolated from
surface water in Lake Saroma. A reference strain, HG711, was
isolated from sediment in Nagasuka fishery harbor (Miyagi,
Japan). Other characteristics are included in Table 1 and the
genus description.
DNA G + C content (mol%): 46.0 (HPLC).
Type strain: HG645, IAM 15429, JCM 23205, KCTC 13119,
MBIC08270, NBRC 103571.
GenBank accession number (16S rRNA gene): AB243859.
Sporosarcina soli
Kwon, Kim, Song, Weon, Schumann, Tindall,
Stackebrandt and Fritze 2007, 1697VP
...................................................................................
so’li. L. neut. gen. n. soli of soil, the source of the organism.
Cells are sporeforming rods (0.7–1.0 μm × 2.0–3.0 μm)
occurring singly, in pairs, or occasionally in short chains.
Gram positive. They form mainly round, central endospores
in nonswollen sporangia. Colonies are light orange after
2 d on TSA at 30∘ C. The growth temperature range
is 15–37∘ C (optimum, 30∘ C), and growth pH range is
7.0–9.0 (optimum, 8.0; no growth at 5.7 or 10.0). Neg-
ative for formation of indole and dihydroxyacetone, in
the Voges–Proskauer test, for phenylalanine deamina-
tion, nitrate reduction, acid production from D-glucose,
L-arabinose, D-xylose, and D-mannitol, and for hydrolysis of
starch, casein, and Tween 80. No utilization of citrate or
propionate. L-Lys-D-Glu is the peptidoglycan type. The major
fatty acids are C15:0 iso and C15:0 ante . The major polar lipids
are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phos-
phatidylethanolamine, and an unidentified phospholipid.
......................................................................................................................................................................................................
This article is © 2009 Bergey’s Manual Trust. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust.
The type strain was isolated from upland soil in Suwon, Korea.
Other characteristics are included in Table 1 and the genus
description.
DNA G + C content (mol%): 44.5 (HPLC).
Type strain: strain I80, DSM 16920, KACC 11300.
GenBank accession number (16S rRNA gene): DQ073394.
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