The Dictionary English - Arabic [a] | GE - SAS} With pronunciation transcription ig! Gall! Que ASW LIS ASU! ase ee General & scientific dictionary of language and terms Contains scientific terms: Medical, mathematical, physical, chemical, informatics & general engineering ple yugeld ool -$—a Apobel! Glattacall poets Lapadg Auasglly AiLaghally uiLvegSTy Ailanily Rola pg Rad! Research & studies centre Collaborators A. FARAH: English Language = _M.SAID: Arabic Language R.N.KARIM: English Language S.K.EDUARD: Revision DAR AI-KOTOB AL-ILMIYAH Beirut - LebanonSAE Fouts dill iA lo A Bgl Byte! cae Copyright All rights reserved Tous droits réservés Ayaan Asay 2 gut a au gp 3 ee et yp gt pha ET ghd Das Act ans Sle gh hae sh eget gl ge ay ies ge Lal cpl eit and hime Lak stn aati 1g Otte te a Exclusive rights by Dar Al-Kotob Al-ilmiyah seirt- Lebanon No part of this publication may be translated, reproduced, distributed in any form or by any means. oF stored in a data base or retieval system, without the prior writen permission of the publisher Droits exclusifs @ Dar Al-Kotob Al-ilmiyah aoyrown - Livan Hest interdit & toute personne individuelle ou morale diéditer, de traduire, de photocopier, denregistrer sur cassette, disquette, C.D, ordinateur toute production, crite, entiére ou partielle, sans Vautorisation signée de dieu. 1* Edition 2004 A.D - 1425 H diplall il jlo Le Hs gine yh gpa ay gaa SSS a ine Ql Spay aa (980 8) Em Y/N ty le SES Sapa AML sage gate Dar Al-Kotob Al-ilmiyah Beirut - Lebanon |, Bohtory Str, Mekart Bldg. tst Floor Head office ‘Aramoun - Dar Al-Kotob Alimiyah Bldg Tel & Fax: (+961 5) 804810 /11/ 12/13 P.O Box: 11-9424 Beirut - Lebanon Rami Al-Zar Dar Al-Kutub Al-ilmiyah Beyrouth - Liban Rami ALZarf, Rue Bobtory, Imm, Melkart, ter Etage Administration général Aramoun - mm, Dar Al-Kated Alimiyah Tol & Fax: (4961 5) 804810 /11 112/19 PP: 11-8424 Beyrouth - Livan ISBN 2-7451-3667-4 i il, http://wwweal-iimiyah.com/ sales@alitmiyah.com fo @abilmiyah.com baydoun@alitmiyah.comInThe Name Of Allah, The Most Gracious, The Most Merciful INTRODUCTION Dear readers The Arabs were the first to put together a dictionary and to get involved in the lexicography. So Al Khalil ben Ahmad Al Farahidi succeed in creating the first linguistic dictionary known as" Al Ain" .With the efforts undertaken to interpret the prophet’s words "Al hadith" on the one hand, and to explain the poems of the pre- islamic period on the other hand, the lexicographical work knew an enormous Progress. This progress became more intensive at the abbassite epoch with the movement of translation of the Greek scientific books that paved the way for the emersion of several philosophical currents. The Arab translators were then facing new realities requiring the invention of convenient terms aiming to designate these concepts. This is how the European languages drew from our culture these new terms and introduced them in their languages. Arabic marked the whole human civilization therefore by its terminological inventions. As we were inspired by the work inherited from our predecessors we undertook our lexicographical mission including a whole set of dictionaries. We followed the steps drawn by our precursors and applied their method. We searched for the new meaning of the word that is indispensable to the consultants of the dictionaries. Thus our task became extremely delicate taking into consideration the enormous progress of the applied and theoretical sciences. Then we tried to put in this dictionary the biggest number of indispensable terms used in our daily life, and placed at your disposal a glossary that includes the terminology of the literary language of every day as well as that of the specialized languages . To offer greater help, we established specialized appendices that you would find at the end of the dictionary, and introduced scientific illustrations that you would find integrated to the corpus. Dar Al kotob Al Ilmiyah was a big help to us and placed at our disposal unlimited resources allowing us to create beneficial dictionaries. It also undertook the layout and the printing of these dictionaries. Dear readers, We consider this work as preliminary paving the way to the creation of other 34 INTRODUCTION dictionaries specialized in various domains. This task will be the mission of the specialists who will draw the terms from the most recent Arabic and foreign scientific references. These dictionaries will be at the same time simple and global addressed to the specialists and to the non specialists. Finally, we hope that our efforts were fruitful and that we succeeded in putting between your hands contemporary dictionaries answering all your needs and completing the old ones. Research and studies centreell sue A GS cpa pee tay Cereal really elas Gal ge dal a Cll Fast abe BB) pe Is) Gal AI deol ye HN Sy wll Jed PEN BU Cty CO ph ab ope enh a ttl gall Cusodl Bull p+ als cee Sell ysl BUN AAI Gaal te Sy gatll be pil deel gay Cael gyal al AWG opts AUIS, Ray SLL MN, Call 3 SE OSI dee sd ols Ls C Aaa edly GA OAL Sealy Lely ASE SN ALL Rel ya) ALA a ot Ba OS laude Bloody bul gle sl asd) belly Sail yy Seal pals) Gao lee lal LL) Uo OSS teas garles IAS Me clots GeO BUNT oi5y Laadcall rll oles LY! 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CaS J at Lgselbey al ol he lee LS plall Sill! ake UU Gilly type hail 3 4 aul Sagal agenlly foal a jou ged wats oily pels atl yur sastal 0 Ss) BY play Rwadcall ts gFdMl rl yy gorbeall alte] GG Cl ghd Yasin jl aghd parleall ade 9 stalls Ball Se GG EMR Ord Gace Cate Geld es oe ANU pe Le Le 5 OS al JE sg) AUD) ely) GB poled Gail [aSeeey pall Gbe Gameday agpgh C3 y dor Laas Sa gs alls Syedly OLA SeBritish and American spelling of -ise and -ize In British usage verbs and their associated forms ending in "-ise" can also be spelt "ize". Some people opt for one form and some for the other. Americans always use "-ize", except in a few cases which are listed below. If you prefer "-ize", follow the American spellings of these words. Where a word is given ending in "-ise" and no American spelling is given, be careful: the Americans spell these words with "-ise" too, e.g.: advertise advise afranchise apprise arise braise chastise circumcise comprise compromise concise demise despise devise disfranchise disguise emprise enfranchise enterprise excise exercise expertise franchise guise improvise incise merchandise misadvise misprise mortise precise premise prise reprise revise supervise surmise surprise televise treatise i COMMON SPELLING RULES (AND EXCEPTIONS) English spelling is notoriously inconsistent. Here are some rules of thumb with examples- and exceptions. 1. "i before e, except after c." This rule works well in most cases-"believe", "chief", "diesel", "friend", "receive" ,- but watch out for exceptions such as 78 COMMON SPELLING RULES (AND EXCEPTIONS) "counterfeit", "either", "neither", "weird", "sleight" and proper names such as "Keith" and "Sheila". In compound words such as "almighty", "fulfil", "until", "welfare", the double "IN" of "all", "full" and "fill", "till" and "well" becomes a single "I". Exceptions include "farewell", "fullness", "illness" and "wellbeing". oa . Verbs whose roots end in a vowel + single consonant + "e", e.g. "bake", "chase", drop the "e" when "ed", "ing" or "er" is added: "baker", "chasing". As always, there are exceptions, such as "ageing". 4. The silent "e" is also dropped before a vowel in compound words but retained before a consonant, for example: w valueless pursue valuable pursuing Some exceptions are "argument", "awful", "duly", "truly" and "wholly". wa . Nouns ending in "y" form their plurals by substituting "ies" for "y", except where "y" is preceded by a vowel, for example: ambiguity ambiguities category categories penny pennies BUT array arrays key keys chimney chimneys 6. Many words have alternative spellings, either of which is correct. The important thing is to be consistent in your use of a particular spelling. Examples are: abridgment abridgement disk disc despatch dispatch hullo hallo (or hello) inquire enquire loth loath mediaeval medieval ratable rateable spelt spelled welsh rabbit welsh rarebit