TEACHI

NGMATHEMATI
CSI
NPRI
MARYGRADES

1
. Expl
ainthet
heor
eti
calf
ramewor
ksf
rom whi
chmat
hemat
icscur
ri
cul
um havebeen
based.

 The theoret
icalfr
amework ofmat hemati
cs educati
on isa f r
amewor kthat
contai
nsthemat hemat
icscurri
culum,teachi
ngandl ear
ningpri
ncipl
es,dif
fer
ent
theori
estobeusedi nt
eaching,goalsthatmathemati
csshouldachieve,andthe
necessaryskil
l
sandval
uesthatstudentsandteacher
sshouldhave.

 Thegoal
sofmat hemati
csarerootedfr
om t
hequest
ion"Whatdoyout hi
nkar e
themostimpor
tantskil
l
sthatstudent
sneedtolear
ninmat hemat
ics?"
.These
goal
sofmathematicseducat
ionintheKto12arecri
ti
calt
hinki
ngandpr obl
em
sol
vi
ng.

 Thisfr
amewor ki
sgr oundedf r
om t
hedi f
ferentl
earni
ngtheori
esthatteachercan
used toteach mathemat i
csthatbestfitstothe sit
uat
ion,context
s,students'
dif
feri
nglear
ningcapabi l
i
ti
esandat t
it
udet owardsthesubject.I
twasbasedon
theideaorpri
ncipl
et hatmathemat
icsisbestlearnedwhenst udent
sar eact
ivel
y
engaged.Thesetheoriesare:

 Experi
enti
aland si
tuated learni
ng. Exper i
enti
allearni
ng i
sadvocated by
David Kol
b,a lear
ning thatoccur s by making sense ofdirecteveryday
experi
ences.Whil
eSi t
uated learni
ng istheori
zed byLaveand Wenger ,is
l
earni
nginthesamecont extonwhi chconceptsandt heori
esareappl
ied

 Ref
lect
ivel
ear
ningr
efer
stoal
ear
ningt
hati
sfaci
l
it
atedbyr
efl
ect
ivet
hinki
ng

 Contr
ucti
vism isthetheor
yt hatarguesthatknowl
edgeisconstr
uctedwhen
t
helearnerisabletodrawideasfrom hi
sownexperiencesandconnect
sthem
t
onewi deasthatareencountered

 Cooper
ati
velearni
ng put
spremium onacti
velearni
ngachi
evedbywor
king
wi
thfel
l
owlearnersast
heyal
lengageinasharedtask

 Discoverand I
nquir
y-based l
ear
ning st
udent
slear
ns by aski
ng r
elevant
questi
onsanddi
scoveri
ngnewideas

 I
nthisframewor
k,t
hecontentar
easarenumbersandnumbersense,geomet
ry,
pat
ternsandal
gebr
a,measurement
,andprobabi
l
it
yandst
ati
sti
cs

 Theframeworkalsoincludedt
heskil
lsandpr ocessestobedeveloped,val
ues
and att
it
udesto be honed,mathemati
caltoolsneeded inteachi
ng,and the
cont
extorthes
ituat
ionthatmayaf
fectt
helearni
ngoft hest
udent
s
 2.Whatar et hecomponent sofmat hemat icsi nthepr i
mar ygr ades?Descr ibeeach
component .
The component sofmat hemat i
csi nt he mat hemat i
csi nt he primar ygr adesar e as
fol
l
ows :
 Number sandNumberSenseasast randi ncludesconcept sofnumber s,pr oper ti
es,
operat i
ons,est imat i
onandt heirappl ications.
 Measur ementasast randi ncludest heuseofnumber sandmeasur estodescr i
be,
under standandcompar emat hemat i
cal andconcr eteobj ects.Itfocusesonat tri
butes
suchasl ength,massandwei ght,capaci t
y,t i
me,moneyandt emper atur eamong
others,aswel lasappl icati
onsi nvolvingper i
met er,area,sur f
acear ea,vol umeand
anglemeasur e.
 Geomet ryasast randi ncludespr oper tiesoft wo-andt hree- di
mensi onalf igur esand
thei
rr elati
onshi ps,spat i
alvi sual i
zation,r easoning and geomet r
ic model ing and
proofs.
 Pat ternsandAl gebr aasas tr
andst udi espat t
erns,r el
ati
onshi psandchangesamong
shapesand quant i
ti
esand i ncl udest heuseofal gebr aicnot ati
onsand symbol s,
equationsandmosti mpor tantly,funct i
ons,t orepresentandanal yze
 St ati
sticsandPr obabili
tyasast randi sal laboutdevel opingski ll
sincol lect i
ngand
organizing dat a using char t
s,t ables and gr aphs,under st
andi ng,anal yzi ng and
i
nterpr eti
ngdat a,dealingwi t
huncer taint yandmaki ngpr edicti
onsandout comes.

3.Whatar
etheper
for
mances
tandar
dsf
oreachgr
adel
evel
?(Gr
ades1t
o4onl
y)

GRADE PERFORMANCESTANDARDS
LEVEL

Thelearneri sabl eto…

 expl oret he conceptofcar di
nalnumber sup t o 100 and compare
thesenumber sinvar i
ouscont exts
 expl oret heconceptofor dinalnumber s
 illustrateaddi t
ionandsubt racti
onofwhol enumber s
 comput ef orsumsandsol veaddi t
ionprobl ems
Gr
ade  comput
 vi suali
ef ordiff
erencesandsol
ze,modeland r epr
vesubt
esentt
ractionpr obl
he conceptofhal
ems
vesand four
ths
1 usi ngwhol eobject
sandset s
 expl oret heproperti
esof2-and3-di mensi onalfigures
 cr eat enumberandat tr
ibutepatterns
 compl etenumberandat t
ributepatter
ns
 gi vedi fferentmeasur esoft i
me
 est imate and comput ef or measur ement s of length,mass and
capaci ty
 or ganizeandi nterpretdata.
 makeconj ecturesaboutgamesandact ivi
ties
 Thelearneri sablet o. .
.
 expl or etheconcept sofnumber supt o1000,r eadandwr i
tet hese
number s
 ident ifyordinal number st hr ough20t h
 comput esumsandsol veaddi t
ionpr obl emsi nvol vingnumber sofup
to1000
 comput e di f
fer ences and sol ve subt raction pr obl ems i nvol ving
number sofupt o1000
 comput ef orsumsanddi fferencesandsol vepr oblemsi nvolvingbot h
additionandsubt ract i
onofnumber s
 expl or eandi l
lust ratetheconceptofmul t
iplicationofwhol enumber s
 comput epr oduct sofnumber si nvol ving2,3,4,5and10andsol ve
problemsi nvol vingmul tiplicationoft hesenumber s
 expl or eandmodel theconceptofdi visionofwhol enumber s
 comput e quot ient s ofnumber sf ound i nt he mul t
iplication tabl es
i
nvol ving2,3,4,5and10andsol vepr obl emsi nvol vingdi visi
onof
thesenumber s
 expl or etheconceptofuni tfract i
onsandot herf ractionsl esst han1
Gr
ade andcompar
 appl
et hesef
ynumberconcept
ractions
sonpr oblem si tuationsi nvol vingmoney
2  vi sualizeandmodelhal f-circlesandquar terci rclesaswel lasot her
commonshapes
 expl or etheconceptofsymmet ry
 vi sualize,model andr epr esentt essel l
at i
ons
 expl or etheconceptofl ines,cur vesandsur faceon3-di mensi onal
object s
 ar gueandj ustifypat t
erns
 appl yt heirunder standingandst rategi esi ncompl etingpat t
erns
 comput eformeasur esoft i
meandsol vepr obl emsi nvol vingt i
me
 ident ifyandcompar et hest andar duni tscent i
met erandmet er
 est imat e and comput ef orl engt hsofobj ect sand sol ve pr oblems
i
nvol vinglengt hsusi ngcent imet erandmet er
 ident ify,useandcompar et hest andar duni t
sgr am andki logram
 est imat eandcomput ef ort hemass/ wei ghtofanobj ectandsol ve
problemsi nvol vingmass/ weight
 expl or eandi l
lust ratetheconceptofar ea
 est imat eandcomput efort hear eaofapl anef igur e
 measur ecapaci ty
 or gani zeandi nt erpretdat a
 r epresentdat ausi ngscal es
 makeconj ectur esandeducat edguessesaboutt hel ikelihoodof
event s
Thelearneri sablet o…
 number sup t o 10 000,count ,r ead and wr itet hesenumber sand
i
dent ifyordinal number sofupt o100t h
 r eadandwr i
tenumber susi ngRomannumer alsupt oM
  use pr oper ti
esofaddi t
iont o est imat e and comput ef orsumsand
solveaddi t
ionprobl emsi nvol vingnumber sofupt o10000
 estimateandcomput efordi fferencesandsol vesubtract
ionpr oblems
i
nvol vi
ngnumber sofupt o10000
 estimate and mul tiply2-and 3-di gitnumber sby1-di gitt o 2-digi
t
number sandsol vemul t
ipli
cat i
onpr obl emsi nvolvi
ngthesenumber s
 exploret heconcept soffact orsandmul ti
ples
 estimateanddi vide3-di gitnumber sbyupt o2-digitnumber sand
solvedi visi
onpr obl emsi nvolvingt hesenumber s
 exploret heconcept sofdi ssimi larf racti
ons,i mproperf racti
onsand
mixednumber s
Gr
ade  appl
1000
ynumberconcept st osol vepr obl emsi nvolvi
ngmoneyt hrough

3  exploret heconcept sofpoi nt,line,linesegmentandr ay

 exploresymmet ryinpl anef igur esandt heenvi r
onment
 exploret heconceptofoddandevennumber s
 i
dent if
yt her ul
ef orapat t
er nandcompl et
et henumberpat ter
n
 conver ttimemeasur esf rom oneuni ttoanot her
 recogni ze,per f
or m anduseconver sionsofcommonuni t
s
 exploret heconceptofar eaandf i
ndar easofsquar esandr ectangles
usingcm2andm2
 measur ecapaci tyusi ngmi l
l
ili
terandl iter
 organizeandi nterpr etdat apr esent edi ntablesandbargr aphs
 makesi mpl epredi ctionsofevent s

Thelearnerisabl et o…
 r ead,wr it
e,compar e and ar r
ange number st hrough 100 000 and
roundof fnumber stothenear estt housandsandt enthousands
 invest i
gat etheconcept soff actor sandmul ti
ples
 f i
ndt hegr eat estcommonf actorandt hel eastcommonmul t
ipleof
givennumber s
 est i
mat e and mul tipl
y 3-di git number s and sol ve mul t
ipl
icati
on
problemsi nvolvingt hesenumber s
Gr
ade  est i
mat eanddi vide3-t o4-di gi tnumber sby1-t o2-di gitnumber s
4 andsol
 per for
vedi
m ser
vi
i
sionpr
esofoper
oblemsi
ati
onsf
nvol
oll
vi
owi
ngthesenumber
ngtheMDASr
s
ule
 ident i
fyf racti
onsonanumberl i
neandi nvestigatef ract
ionsaspar tof
asetofobj ect s
 compar eandar rangesi mil
aranddi ssi
milarfractions
 conver timpr operf r
acti
onst omi xednumber sandvi cever sa
 addandsubt ractf r
actionsandsol vepr oblemsi nvolvi
ngaddi ti
onand
subtractionoff racti
ons
 invest i
gat et he concept s ofpar all
eland per pendi cularl i
nes and
angles
 descr ibe var iouspl ane figuresup t of oursi desand di scusst heir
properties
  exploresymmet r
yi nplanefigur
esandt heenvironment
 explorediff
erentgeomet ri
csoli
ds
 describetherulei napat t
erninordertocompl etethepat t
ern
 compl et
enumbersent ences
 fi
nd the perimet erofa pl ane fi
gure and solve problemsi nvolvi
ng
perimeter
 fi
ndt heareaofapl anefigureandsolveproblemsi nvol
vingar ea
 exploretheconceptofvol umeofasol i
dandsol veproblemsi nvolvi
ng
thevolumeofasol i
d
 solveproblemsi nvolvi
ngdat apresentedinbargr aphsandt ables
 makesi mplepr edicti
onsofevent sbasedondat arecords

4.Di
ff
erent
iat
ethecont
ent
saccor
dingt
othecomponent
sforeachgr
ade.

Gr
ade1 Cont
entst
andar
ds
Numbers and Number  numbernotati
onandplacevalue,cardi
naland
sense ordi
nalnumbers,andcompar i
ngandor der
ing
numbersupto100
 addi
ti
onandsubt r
acti
onupt o100
 theconcept
sofhalvesandfourthsandappliest
hem
i
ndividi
ngawhol eorsetequall
y

Geomet
ry  2-D and3-D shapest hroughidentif
ying,classi
fyi
ng
andconst ructi
ngf i
guresusingcutoutsandconcr ete
model s
Pat
ter
nsandAlgebr
a  simplepat terns
Measurement  theconcept soft i
meandmeasur esandcompar es
object
susi ng directcompar i
sonand non-st andar d
unit
sofl engt h,massandcapaci ty
St
ati
sti
csandPr
obabi
l
it
y  organizing,r epresent
ingandcompar ingdat ausing
pict
ogr aphs wi thout scal
e r epresentat
ions and
probabi l
it
y,andexpl oresgamesandact i
vit
ies
 Gr
ade2 Cont
entSt
andar
ds
Numbers and Number
s  ther elati
onshipsbet weennumber sandpl aceval ue
sense ofwhol enumber supt o1000andofor dinalnumber s
upt o20t h
 theconceptoft hef ouroper at
ionsofwhol enumber s
andt hei denti
tyandzer oproper t
iesofmul ti
pli
cati
on
 unitfractions,properf r
actionsandsi mil
arfracti
ons,
andi dent i
fi
cati
onofmoneyval uethrough100
Geomet
ry  the basi c propert
ies ofgeomet r
ic shapes,simpl e
tessell
ationsandsymmet r
y
Pat
ter
nsandAlgebr
a  patternsonnumber sandgeomet ri
cobj ect
s
Measurement  the conceptand appl i
cati
on oft ime and ofusi ng
standar duni t
sinmeasur i
ngl ength,mass,ar eaand
capaci ty
St
ati
sti
csandPr
obabi
l
it
y  pictographswi t
hscal erepresentationsandt heidea
oflikel
ihood

Gr
ade3 Cont
entSt
andar
ds
Numbers and Number
s  theconcept sofwhol enumber supt o10000,or dinal
sense number supt o100t handRomannumer al
supt oM
 the fouroper at
ionsofwhol e number sand oft he
conceptofi denti
ty,commut ati
ve,associati
ve and
dist
ri
but i
vepr opertiesofaddi t
ionandmul ti
pli
cati
on
 thebasi cki ndsoff racti
ons,know how t osi mplif
y
and or dert hem,and t o appl yt o pr
oblem solving
moneyt hrough100
Geometr
y  thebasi celement sofangl es,linesandr ays
Pat
ter
nsandAl
gebr
a  patt
er nsofnumber s,oper ati
ons,geomet r
icobject s
andr elati
onships
Measur
ement  the conceptand appl icati
on oft i
me (in minutes),
l
ength,mass,ar eaandcapaci ty
St
ati
sti
csandPr
obabi
l
it
y  tabl
es,bargr aphsandpr obabilit
y

Gr
ade4 Cont
entSt
andar
ds
Numbers and Number
s  numbernot ati
onandpl aceval ueofnumber supt o
sense 100000,andoff actorsandmul ti
plesofnumbersup
to100,andoft hegr eatestcommonf act
orandleast
commonmul ti
ple
 mul t
ipl
icat
ion,divisi
onandMDASofwhol enumber s
 af r
actionaspar tofasetofobj ects,asanumber ,as
divi
sion,andoft hedi ff
erentkindsoff r
act
ionsand
appliesthem inreal-li
fesi
tuat
ions
  oper at i
onoff ractions
Geomet
ry  par all
elandper pendicularlines,measuresofangl es,
symmet ry,pl ane f i
gures up t o 4 sides,and 2-D
repr esent ati
onofa3-Dsol i
d
Pat
ter
nsandAlgebr
a  pat t
er nsandnumbersent ences
Measurement  measur es of per imeter and ar ea of squar es,
rectangl es,triangles,par all
elogramsandt rapezoids,
andt heirr el
atedf igures,andvol umeofr ectangular
prism
St
ati
sti
csandPr
obabi
l
it
y  tables,bargr aphsandpr obabili
ty