DOS, English Language Specialist

English Programs Manager, TESOL International Association

Presented by: Sarah Sahr

SOMETHING A LITTLE
MORE ADVANCED…
We will start with …
The Sentence

Sentences are made of two parts: the subject

and the predicate.

 The subject is the person or thing that acts or is

described in the sentence. The predicate, on the
other hand, is that action or description.
 Complete sentences need both the subject and
the predicate.
The Clause
Some sentences can be broken down into clauses.
For example:

The boy is going to the school, and he is going to eat there.

This is a complete sentence composed of two

clauses.

What are they?

More on The Clause

There are mainly two types of clauses:

independent clauses and subordinate clauses.
 Independent clauses act as complete sentences
 Subordinate clauses cannot stand alone and need
another clause to complete their meaning.

For example:
 Independent clause: “The boy went to the school.”
 Subordinate clause: “After the boy went to the
school…”
The Phrase

A group of two or more grammatically linked words

that do not have subject and predicate is a phrase.
For example:

Tomorrow she is going to the amusement park.

You can see that “to the amusement park” is a

prepositional phrase located in the second clause of
the complete sentence above.
Types of Phrases

Phrases act like parts of speech inside clauses.

That is, they can act as nouns, adjectives,
adverbs and so on.

 Prepositional Phrases
 Participle Phrases
 Noun Phrases
 Verb Phrases
 Etc…
Conditionals
 First conditional: future actions dependent
on the result of another future action or
event; Possible
 If + Present Simple, + Will
 Second conditional: future actions
dependent on the result of another future
action or event; Small possibility to happen
 If + Past Simple, + Would + Base Form
 Third Conditional: imaginary past actions,
where the conditions WERE NOT satisfied.
 If + Past Perfect, + Would have + Past Participle
A few videos…

What are conditionals?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Htk8TiYa0ic

First Conditional exercise…

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-YogOjCfFE