Section 1:

Answer to the question number 1

Sonnet 18
I think summer as the symbol of youth.
Traditionally, summer portrays the time of life that we are fully blooming. The Virtuous Youth is
Spring. The metaphor for which he plays is the conventional notion that we are all living the
seasons of man, and that in the spring we have the most potential and in the summer we are at
our hottest (ripest).
Neither should he equate her to a rosebud, for they are weak and capable of being killed. These
two metaphors refer to physical and moral qualities: the complete realization of her beauty is the
summer (and also, probably, entails a sexual awakening); the spring speaks of virtue as well as
hope (buds= virgins). There are difficulties with the usage of the spring/bud metaphor: rough
waves, just like the summer is too humid to act as a metaphor. He also uses the Death's Shade
metaphor to illustrate the likelihood that death could overshadow her, that death could conceal
her, or that she would slip into his shadow and be lost. The final metaphor relates a person's
immortal spirit (or essence) to the eternal force of the written word and, indirectly, the author to
a god: she exists, after all, forever in the lines he writes.

Sonnet 130
The symbols Shakespeare uses in this poem serve to enhance the imagery he creates in
describing everything his lady is not.  For example, he uses snow as a symbolic standard of a
pure, pristine complexion, and his love, whose skin tone is "dun", does not measure up.  In a
similar manner, Shakespeare uses the sun, roses, and music as symbolic ideals of the radiant
eyes, rosy cheeks, and melodious voice that he would expect to find in a classic beauty, and
again, his lady is lacking in these areas.  Shakespeare uses these symbols to create an image of
the traditionally accepted measures of comeliness.  In a tone that is playful, tongue-in-cheek, and
self-effacing in a way, he makes a comment on the importance of these measures, or perhaps on
the foolishness of his own judgement.  Although his love is not a beauty, he loves her still.

Answer to the question number 5 :

I'm trying to argue how similar writing styles shaped their culture and brought to light a better
way of thought by Langston Hughes and Maya Angelou. Langston Hughes, from Missouri, was
an American author, civic worker, and novelist. In the Harlem Renaissance era, Hughes had an
influential role. It reflected in his work and Hughes was known for being mindful.
He used music and symbols to educate the world about the hardships of African-Americans in
their period. Poems by Hughes told tales that were relatable and represented his culture.
Both of them have common themes. The poem "Lesson" by Angelou addresses the difficulties
faced by the African-American culture. Over it all, she still speaks about perseverance and how
they can not yield, while at first they can struggle. You must fail, try, and attempt again in order
to succeed. For one, she says "Do not persuade me against the challenge in the poem Angelou."
The years and the icy loss live deep down my face in lines. They dull my eyes, but because I love
to live, I want to die. Angelou says that while the African-American culture has been defeated in
the past, they can not let them hinder their hopes from being fulfilled. The contrast of Angelou to
the caged pigeon in the "Caged Bird" was African-Americans in the culture in which they were
living. Via African-American interactions, she symbolized the eagle. "The poem states in the
second stanza, "Yet a bird stalking down his small cage will scarcely see his wings clipped
through his bars of rage and his feet bound so that he opens his mouth to sing. This is a contrast
of their culture with African-Americans.

Section – 2
Answer to the question number – 1
Swinburne explains through verse that many kinds of suffering are compounded by the brief
existence of the earthly life of man. A lifetime brings sorrow ("tears"), pain is tempered with
pleasure, the flowers of summer fade, and so on.

Yet, Swinburne says, humanity also has beautiful gifts from the gods, even if they are brief.

They gave him light in his ways,

And love, and a space for delight,
And beauty and length of days,
And night, and sleep in the night.
However in the end (literally), Swinburne's view of the existence of mankind is nihilistic. He
says,
Sows, and he shall not reap;
His life is a watch or a vision
Between a sleep and a sleep.
In this poem, Swinburne, like Shakespeare's King Lear, regards humanity as fundamentally
beyond free will. His life is filled with all sorts of human misery, and then he transitions from the
"sleep" of pre-birth to the everlasting sleep of death, formed and molded by the gods.