1 Orthogonal passive transformations:

 These transformations are introduce to simplify and then solve the

performance equations of the slip ring machines.
 The transformation are:
1. Phase transformation 𝑪𝟏 which transforms the three phase’s
machines (R,Y,B) into an equivalent two phases machines (𝛼 , 𝛽).
2. Commutator transformation 𝑪𝟐 which transforms the rotating 2.ɸ (𝛼 ,
𝛽) into fixed (d , q) axis. (d for direct & q for quadrature).

The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 4 14-Feb-20

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The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 4 14-Feb-20

3 If N3 is the number of turns of each phase of the three phase
winding, the m.m.f produced will be N3 Ir , N3 Iy , N3 I b
and they are 120o apart.
If an equivalent two windings is used and if N2 is the number of
turns of each windings and I𝛼 & I𝛽 are the currents in the
windings and if we align r with 𝛼 then we get:
N3 1 1
N2 I𝛼 = N3 I𝑟 + N3 I𝑦 cos 120 + N3 I𝑏 cos 120 I𝛼 = I𝑟 − I𝑦 − I𝑏
N2 2 2
Similarly:
N2 I𝛽 = N3 I𝑟 cos 90 + N3 I𝑦 cos 30 + N3 I𝑏 cos(150)
N3 3 3
I𝛽 = I − I
N2 2 𝑦 2 𝑏
The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 4 14-Feb-20
 N3
4 And let: =𝑏
N2

1 1 3 3
∴ I𝛼 = b I𝑟 − I − I & ∴ I𝛽 = b I − I
2 𝑦 2 𝑏 2 𝑦 2 𝑏

For 3 wires system I𝑟 + I𝑦 + I𝑏 = 0 (balance system).

But for 4 wires system (Neutral) we can write:
I 0 = 𝑙 I𝑟 + I𝑦 + I𝑏 Assume 𝑙 = 𝑏𝑒 all are constant
Or: I0 = 𝑏𝑒 I𝑟 + I𝑦 + I𝑏
Then we can put the equation:
1 1
I0 = 𝑏𝑒 I𝑟 + I𝑦 + I𝑏 & I𝛼 = b I𝑟 − I − I
2 𝑦 2 𝑏
3 3
I𝛽 = b I − I
2 𝑦 2 𝑏
The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 4 14-Feb-20
5 In the matrix form:
e e e
I0 1 1 Ir
1 − −
Iα = 𝑏 2 2 Iy
Iβ 3 3
0 − Ib
2 2
Ir , Iy & Ib Is the old system I and I0 , Iα & Iβ is the new system I ′ .
I = C I′ Since C is square then we can obtain C −1 :
I ′ = C −1 I And as we know V ′ = C ∗ t V
The two equations will be identical in form if: C −1 = C ∗ t Or: C C −1 = CC ∗ t = I
Which is the condition for orthogonally.
C ∗ t C = CC ∗ t = I ; I is a unit matrix

The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 4 14-Feb-20

6 And the new of transformation equation will be:
𝐼 = 𝐶𝐼 ′ & V′ = C∗ tV & 𝑍 ′ = 𝐶 ∗ 𝑡 𝑍𝐶
Going back to 𝑪𝟏 :
𝑒 𝑒 𝑒 𝑒 1 0
1 1 1 3
1 − −
𝐶1 −1 = 𝑏 2 2 = 𝐶∗𝑡 or 𝐶1 = (𝐶 ∗ 𝑡 )𝑡 = 𝑏 𝑒 −
2 2
3 3 1 3
0 − 𝑒 − −
2 2 2 2

To get b & e we can say:

𝐶 𝐶 −1 = 𝐶𝐶 ∗ 𝑡 = 𝐼 ; 𝐼 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥

The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 4 14-Feb-20

7 We know that:
𝑒 𝑒 𝑒 𝑒 1 0
1 1 1 3
1 − −
𝐶 −1 = 𝑏 2 2 𝐶=𝑏 𝑒 −
2 2
3 3 1 3
0 − 𝑒 − −
2 2 2 2
Then:
𝑒 1 0 𝑒 𝑒 𝑒 3𝑒 2 0 0
1 3 1 1 3
1 − −
𝐶 𝐶 −1 = 𝑏2 𝑒 −
2 2 2 2 = 𝑏2 0
2
0
1 3 3 3 3
𝑒 − − 0 − 0 0
2 2 2 2 2

The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 4 14-Feb-20

 3𝑒 2 0 0
8 3 1 0 0
∴ 𝑏2 0 0 = 0 1 0
2
3 0 0 1
0 0
2

3 2
So: 𝑏 2 = 1 ========> 𝑏 =
2 3

2 2 1
& 3𝑏 𝑒 = 1 =======> 𝑒=
2

1
1 0
2
2 1 1 3
𝐶1 = − =====> (It’s a dead transformation)
3 2 2 2
1 1 3
− −
2 2 2

The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 4 14-Feb-20

9 𝐼 = 𝐶1 𝐼 ′
1
1 0
2
𝐼𝑟 I0
2 1 1 3
∴ 𝐼𝑦 = − I𝛼
3 2 2 2
𝐼𝑏 1 1 3
I𝛽
− −
2 2 2
Also it hold for V:
1
1 0
2
𝑉𝑟 V0
2 1 1 3
∴ 𝑉𝑦 = − V𝛼
3 2 2 2
𝑉𝑏 1 1 3
V𝛽
− −
2 2 2

The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 4 14-Feb-20

10 And
𝐼 ′ = 𝐶1 −1 𝐼 ; But 𝐶1 −1 = 𝐶 ∗ 𝑡
1 1 1
I0 2 2 2 𝐼𝑟
2 1 1
∴ I𝛼 = 1 − − 𝐼𝑦
3 2 2
I𝛽 3 3 𝐼𝑏
0 −
2 2
Home work:
Find V𝛼 & V𝛽 for a balanced three phase system?
3 3
Ans: V𝛼 = V & V𝛽 = −𝑗 V𝑟
2 𝑟 2

The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 4 14-Feb-20

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The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 4 14-Feb-20