Activity 3: Directions: Answer the following briefly:

1. What are the three rock groups?

-There are three kinds of rocks: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic .Rocks that are formed
from under or on volcanoes are called igneous. Sedimentary rocks formed from rock and mineral
fragments that came from erosion there are three types of sedimentary rocks clastic , chemical, organic.
While the sedimentary are rocks that are formed at or near the surface of the earth.

. 2. How do igneous rocks become sedimentary rocks?

On the surface, weathering and erosion break down the igneous rock into pebbles, sand, and mud,
creating, sediment, which accumulates in basins on the Earth’s surface. As successive layers of the Earth
surface .As successive layers of sediment settle on the top of one another, the sediment near the
bottom compressed ,hardens , and forms sedimentary rock.

2. What forces are involved in the formation of metamorphic rocks?

- Metamorphic rocks are created by the physical or chemical alteration by heat and pressure of
an existing igneous or sedimentary material into a denser form.

4. How is lava different from magma?

- Magma is composed of molten rock and is stored in the Earth's crust. Lava is magma that reaches
the surface of our planet through a volcano vent.
Assessment

1. C.oxygen
2. B.intrusive
3. C.mass erosion
4. C.running water
5. B.erosion
6. A.fault
B.
a. Physical
b. Chemical
c. Chemical
d. Physical
e. Physical
f. Physical

C. Explain the following briefly.

1. How does erosion and mass wasting alter the surface of the Earth? In what way do they pose a threat
to mankind?

-Erosion, mass-wasting occur at or near the earth surface and produces changes to the landscape that
influence surface and subsurface topography and landform development . Erosion is a natural process
that affects all types of land on Earth, from the grandest mountains to the humblest patches of soil.
Erosion is distinct from weathering, in which chemical and physical processes simply break down
larger pieces of rock into smaller ones. In erosion, the portions of Earth affected are moved from their
original location by forces exerted by gravity, wind, flowing water or some combination . The effects of
soil erosion go beyond the loss of fertile land. It has led to increased pollution and sedimentation in
streams and rivers, clogging these waterways and causing declines in fish and other species. And
degraded lands are also often less able to hold onto water, which can worsen flooding.

3. What is rock cycle? What is its stages?

-The rock cycle is a concept used to explain how the three basic rock types are related and how Earth
processes, over geologic time, change a rock from one type into another. Plate tectonic activity, along
with weathering and erosional processes, are responsible for the continued recycling of rocks. Rocks are
classified into three basic types based on how they are formed . Conversion to metamorphic
rocks requires conditions of increased temperature and/or increased pressure, conversion to
sedimentary rocks occurs in the intermediate stage of sediments, and conversion to igneous
rocks occurs in the intermediate stage of magma Increased temperature and pressure occurs in
subduction zones and in areas where two plates of continental lithosphere collide to produce a
mountain range, while increased pressure without increased temperature is produced when
sedimentary rocks are deeply buried under more sediments. Sediments are produced when
rocks are uplifted, weathered and eroded, and the resulting detrital material deposited in
marine or terrestrial basins. If the sediments are buried under further layers of sediment, they
can become lithified to produce a sedimentary rock. Magma is produced when rocks are
melted. This melting can occur when a lithospheric plate descends into the Earth’s crust at a
subduction zone, or when a mid-ocean ridge opens up and produces decompression melting in
the asthenosphere under the ridge. When the magma solidifies, it becomes an igneous rock.
Igneous rock can change into sedimentary rock or into metamorphic rock. Sedimentary rock can change
into metamorphic rock or into igneous rock. Metamorphic rock can change into igneous or sedimentary
rock.