NORMAL VITAL SIGNS RANGES FOR ADULTS: COMMON LAB TESTS FOR SURGICAL Pts: (p

To range 96.8oF-100.4oF (36oc-38oc) COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC)

→ Average oral/tympanic To: 98.6oF (37oc) Hemoglobin (Hgb) F 12-16 g/dL M 14-18 g/dL
→ Average rectal To: 99.5oF (37.5oc) Hematocrit (Hct) F 37-47% M 42-52%
→ Average axillary To: 97.7oc (36.5oc) Platelet Count 150,000-400,000/mm3
Pulse 60-100 bpm (strong & regular) WBC Count 5000-10,000/mm3
Pulse Oximetry (Sp02) >= 95% RBC Count F 4.2-5.4 million/mm3 M 4.7-6.1 million/mm3
Respirations 12-20 breaths/min (deep & regular) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate M Up to 15 mm/hr F Up to 20 mm/hr
Blood Pressure Sys < 120 mmHg; Dia < 80 mmHg Iron Level M 80-180 mcg/mL F 60-160 mcg/ml
→ Pulse Pressure 30-50 mmHg BLOOD CHEMISTRY
Capnography (EtCO2) 35-45 mmHg Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) 10-20 mg/Dl
Glucose 70-110 mg/dL (fasting)
HEART RATE BY AGE: Creatinine F 0.5-1.1 mg/dL M 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Infant 120-160 bpm COAGULATION STUDIES
Toddler 90-140 bpm International Normalized Ratio (INR) 0.76-1.27
Preschooler 80-110 bpm Prothrombin Time (PT) 11-12.5s (85%-100%)
School-Age Child 75-100 bpm Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) 60-70s
Adolescent 60-90 bpm Activated PTT 30-40s
Adult 60-100 bpm DIFFERENTIAL COUNT (NORMAL % OF EACH WBC)
Neutrophils 55%-70%
RESPIRATORY RATE BY AGE: Lymphocytes 20%-40%
Newborn 30-60 breaths/min Monocytes 2%-8%
Infant (6mo) 30-50 breaths/min Eosinophils 1%-4%
Toddler (2y) 25-32 breaths/min Basophils 0.5%-1.5%
Child 20-30 breaths/min
Adolescent 16-20 breaths/min APPROPRIATE NEEDLE SIZES: (p670)
Adult 12-20 breaths/min SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTIONS
Syringe 1-3 ml
AVERAGE OPTIMAL B/P BY AGE: Needle Size 25-27 gauge
Newborn (6.6lb) 40 (mean) Needle Length 3/8-5/8”
1mo 85/54 →U-100 Insulin Syringe 1ml Insulin
1y 95/65 Needle Size 28-31 gauge
6y 105/65 Needle Length 5/16-1/2”
10-13y 110/65 →U-500 Insulin Syringe 1ml tuberculin
14-17y 119/75 Needle Size 25-27 gauge
18+y <120/<80 Needle Length 1/2-5/8”
INTRADERMAL INJECTIONS
B/P CLASSIFICATION IN ADULTS: Syringe 1ml tuberculin
Normal <120/<80 Needle Size 25-27 gauge
Prehypertensive 120-139/80-89 Needle Length 1/2-5/8”
Stage 1 Hypertension >=140 / >=90 INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS
Stage 2 Hypertension >=160 / >=90 Syringe Adult 2-3ml Child 0.5-1ml
Needle Size depends on length of needle
NORMAL LAB VALUES IN ADULTS: → aqueous solutions 20-25 gauge
Osmolality 280-300 mOsm/kg H2O → oil-based solutions 18-21 gauge
ELECTROLYTES Needle Length depends on age, site, & PT size
Na+ (Sodium) 136-145 mEq/L → Ventrogluteal Adult 1.5” Child 1/2-1”
K+ (Potassium) 3.5-5.0 mEq/L (or 1/2” for Adult Deltoid if → Vastus Lateralis Adult 5/8-1” (& Child)
CL- (Chloride) 98-106 mEq/L really skinny according to → Deltoid Adult 1-1.5” Child 1/2-1”
Jones)
Total Ca2+ (Calcium) 8.4-10.5 mg/dL
Mg2+ (Magnesium) 1.5-2.5 mEq/L BMI CALCULATIONS:
Ionized CA2+ (Calcium) 4.5-5.3 mg/dL Weight (in kg)/Height2(in m)
Total CO2 22-30 mEq/L Underweight <19
HCO3- (Bicarbonate) Arterial 22-26 mEq/L Normal Weight 19-24.9
Venous 24-30 mEq/L Overweight 25-30
Phosphate 2.7-4.5 mg/dL Obese >30
Anion Gap 5-11 mEq/L
ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES
pH 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 35-45 mmHg
PaO2 80-100 mmHg
O2 saturation 95%-100%
Base Excess -2 to +2 mm Eq/L