See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/341878194

REAL TIME BLOOD SUGAR MONITORING

Article · July 2017

CITATIONS READS

0 9

2 authors:

Dewiani Dewiani Elyas Palantei

Universitas Hasanuddin Universitas Hasanuddin
38 PUBLICATIONS   38 CITATIONS    43 PUBLICATIONS   104 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

PROTOTYPE OF VEHICLES POTHOLES DETECTION BASED BLOB DETECTION METHOD View project

Pelatihan Perakitan Sistem Filterisasi Air Minum Skala Rumah Tangga View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Dewiani Dewiani on 03 June 2020.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, ISSN: 2393-2835 Volume-5, Issue-7, Jul.-2017
http://iraj.in
REAL TIME BLOOD SUGAR MONITORING
1
DEWIANI, 2ELYASPALANTEI, 3IKA PUSPITA

,2,3Electrical Engineering Department Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi, INDONESIA

E-mail: 1dewiani@unhas.ac.id, 2elyas.palantei@gmail.com, 3ikapuspita_elektro@yahoo.com

Abstract- This research aims to design an interface that connects the blood sugar measuring instrument with the mobile
phone as well as designing database systems and visual display for monitoring blood sugar levels in a patient's body.
Monitoring system that integrates glucometer, arduino, Bluetooth, and mobile phones, are used to transmit data from the
blood sugar measurement. Beside the position of patient there is glucometer along with android based mobile phone that will
be used to transmit the measured data to a web server that can be accessed by doctors to monitor the progress of patients'
health. Based on observations, we obtained error value of 23.33% for observation within 60 seconds, an error of 32% for
observation within 90 seconds, and the error of 31.11% for observation within 120 seconds.

Keywords- Glucometer, Diabetes, Bluetooth, Handphone.

I. INTRODUCTION quality of life. The performance of plasma sprayed

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
based wireless has really become a necessity in many
aspects of life. With ICT, the information can be
presented in real time, quickly and very easily
accessible by involved parties. In the field of health,
ICT is indispensable for monitoring the health
condition of patient, especially associated with
diabetes [1]. Diabetes, for instance, is a metabolic
disease that can affect almost every organ system in
the body. It is estimated that the number of patients
with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia is about 17
million people or 8.6 percent of the population and
ranks the 4th largest after India, China, and the
United States (US). Diabetes can be detected early by
performing blood tests regularly [2]. Therehave been
several studies reported in the area of health
monitoring system, including a study conducted by
Shyr-Kuen Chen and his colleagues in 2012 on the
system protocol based on ZigBee for data
transmission in patients, where the monitoring system
used multiple types of wireless networks, like
WiMAX and internet [3]. A recent study reported by
B.G.Sudharshan, et al. (2014) is also related to a
comparative analysis of transmission method using
GSM, Zigbee, Bluetooth, and WiFi. Much literature
shows that the use of Bluetooth transmission medium
is cheaper and simpler than other media. Further
research study conducted by Mala Lavanya and Mr.
Ashok Shigli (2014) related to GSM and HTTP
transmission protocol for monitoring blood sugar,
body temperature and heart rate using Zigbee. With
so many body conditions that was monitored, the
more components/tools is used [4], [5]. In this paper,
We designed a simplified monitoring system by
using only the Internet and Bluetooth connectionsas
media of transmission. An efficient monitoring
system is also obtained by focusing the measurement
only on the blood sugar level, so the price of the
equipment is cheaper. Through blood sugar
monitoring system is expected to help monitoring the
patient's condition and can improve the patient's
Real Time Blood Sugar Monitoring
based YSZ TBCs systems on aluminium alloys is a
very important in the automotive industry. In the
keeping view of application of aluminum alloys in the
automotive industry, the durability of 2024 AA with
TBCs systems was studied for high temperature
applications. This article investigate the thermal
fatigue behaviour of plasma sprayed based YSZ
TBCs systems for 2024 aluminium alloy (AA).
II. TEORITICAL BASIS
Glucose is a simple carbohydrate compound group or
monosaccharides. In nature, the glucose contained in
fruits and honey bees. Glucose serves as a source of
energy for brain cells, nerve cells and red blood cells.
Normal human blood containing glucose amounts or
concentrations that remain, which is between 70-100
mg per 100 ml of blood. This blood glucose increased
after you eat carbohydrates, but after approximately 2
hours after a meal, the amount of blood will return to
normal. Peoplewho suffer from diabetes mellitus, the
amount of blood glucose greater than 130 mg/100 ml
of blood.[6] In order to function optimally, the body
should be able to maintain the concentration of blood
sugar (in the form of glucose) within certain limits,
i.e. 70-120 mg/ml in a fasting state (a state where a
person has a food dietry consumption, i.e absence of
food for at least 8 hours). When blood sugar rises
above 170 mg/100ml, sugar is excreted into urine.
Conversely if the blood sugar level dropsto 40-50
mg/ml, we would feel nervous, dizzy, weak and
hungry. Very high blood sugar levelis called
hyperglycemia and when it is too low, it iscalled
hypoglycemia. Hyperglycemia in the long term can
cause prolonged health problemsand also associated
with diabetes, including damage to the eyes, kidneys,
and nerves. The blood sugar level in the body is
regulated by the pancreas by producing the insulin
hormone which is involved in the regulation of blood.
Insulin is responsible for controlling the blood sugar
levels and also to process carbohydrates, fats and
proteins into energy for the human body. Diabetes

114
 International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, ISSN: 2393-2835
http://iraj.in
occurs when the body does not produce enough
insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels or when
cells do not respond appropriately to insulin [7].
Fig. 1. Monitoring Blood SugarSystem Configuration
III. DESIGN MONITORING BLOOD SUGAR
SYSTEM
The glucometer will be used in the subject (patient) to
measure blood sugar levels. The readings in the form
of blood sugar levels (mg/dl) will then be sent to a
receiving device contained on the medical side
through the network telemedis. In general, schematic
diagram of a blood glucose monitoring system will be
designed is shown in Figure 1. In particular, the data
transmission system used in this study are shown in
Figure 2. The transmission system using the tool:
glucometer dr. test meter, arduino mega 2560, HC-05
bluetooth and mobile phone Samsung Galaxy Tab 2
GT-P3100.
Fig.2. Blood Sugar Data Transmission Systems
The working principle of a glucometer can generally
be described in Figure 3.
Fig. 3. Glucometer Diagram Block [8]
Real Time Blood Sugar Monitoring
115
Volume-5, Issue-7, Jul.-2017
In glucometer, there is a blood strip containing the
blood sample as well serving as a sensor detecting
blood sugar. This sensor is equipped with glucose
reagent. When blood is dripped or glucometer test
strips attached to it, it will generate a potential
difference or voltage caused by the reaction between
blood glucose reagent on the transducer.[8] The
resulting voltage ranges from 0-5 volts. The voltage
in the form of electrical or analog quantity is entered
into the Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) and then
converted into a signal of 8 bits. ADC output signal
will go to the microcontroller for processing the data.
The results of data processing are then fed to the LCD
by the microcontroller to display the results. Keypad
on the glucometer is a key instruction for the
microcontroller.[2] On the LCD there are 7 ports
(Seg1-Seg7) as a seven segment display and a 4 port
signal Com (COM1-COM4). Output from the ports
on this LCD glucometer in form of analog signals are
subsequently connected to arduino. The whole seven
segment port together with Com signal port are
connected to the analog arduino input, starting from
analog input 0 to 10 (A0-A10). While the positive
side of the battery on a glucometer port connected to
Vcc of 3.3 volts and the negative side of the battery is
connected to GND port on arduino as a power supply.
In general, diagram LCD glucometer port that
connected to the port arduino, are shown in Figure 4.
Fig. 4. Glucometer, Arduino and Bluetooth Port Diagram
Design
For connection to the port of arduino bluetooth, 5
volts Vcc arduino connected to Vcc to the GND
arduino bluetooth while connected to GND on
bluetooth. Similarly, arduino TX1 port is connected
to the RX port on bluetooth, while the RX1 arduino
port is connected to the TX port on bluetooth as the
connection for sending and receiving data of blood
sugar. The design stages of the monitoring system is
described in Figure 5 below
 International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, ISSN: 2393-2835 Volume-5, Issue-7, Jul.-2017
http://iraj.in

Fig. 7. Results of the observation wtihin 90 seconds

Fig. 5. Stages of Blood Sugar Monitoring System Design

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Once the design is complete, we perform tests on the

system of data transmission in blood sugar by
making observations on the transmission of such data
for 60 and 120 seconds, with the blood sugar values
were read on the glucometer is 86 and we obtained
the measurement results of blood sugar in the mobile
phone screen as shown in Figure 6, 7 and 8 below.

Fig. 8. Results of the observation wtihin120 seconds

From the observations above, it can be seen that the

instability of blood sugar measurement is obtained
through phone connection. Thus we can calculate
error value (E) on average after three attempts for
each time the above observation, by comparing the
total error value with total measurements obtained,
and then multiplied by 100%. From that formula we
obtained error value from observations as shown in
Fig. 6. Results of the observation within 60 seconds
table 1.
Real Time Blood Sugar Monitoring

116
 International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, ISSN: 2393-2835
http://iraj.in
Table 1. Error Value From Observations
Due to the instability of glucometer delivery to the
mobile phone, the program is installed in the
mobile phone side. Hence, the mobile phone
functions as a direct transmitter to the server.
Measurement Blood Sugar Value Result Display on
the phone are shown in Figure 9. Through the
program interface,, the real value received by the
phone can be stopped and thensent to the server.
Fig. 9. Measurement Blood Sugar Result Display on Android
Program at Mobile Phone
Data sent to the server is accessible to the doctoe.
Hence, the doctor can observe the patient's condition.
Login display for the doctor seen in Figure 10.
Fig. 10. Doctor's Login Display
Real Time Blood Sugar Monitoring
117
Volume-5, Issue-7, Jul.-2017
The doctor inserts
username and password in order to
access the login page. When the doctors choose icon
"PATIENT", then the names of some patients with
diabetes will appear, and then doctors can choose
which patients that they want to know his/her
development of the blood sugar condition. By
selecting the name of the patient, the screen then will
show a graph of measurement results of the patient's
blood in one patient as shown in Figure 11.
Fig. 11. Display of the Patient Data Chart
The picture above shows patient data in the form of:
full name, email, place and date of birth, sex and
address. Through the chart, the doctor can see the
condition of the patient's blood sugar wheter it is
increase or decrease in blood sugar levels. The Y-axis
is the blood sugar data chart, while on the X axis the
chart is a blood sugar data admission time. In addition
to the chart mode, there is also a table mode in
measuring a patient's blood sugar as shown in Figure
12.
Fig. 12. Patient Data Table
Similar to the chart display, the display data from a
patient's blood sugar measurements in the form of
this table provide more detailed information related to
the value of accurate blood glucose measurement
results, with date and time of the measurement of
blood sugar. With the information in the form of
charts and tables, the doctor can analyze the patient's
condition, so that they can do a subsequent medical
action if necessary.
CONCLUSIONS
It can be concluded that the error values for blood
measurement results was erratic.This situation occurs
 International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, ISSN: 2393-2835
http://iraj.in
due to the frequency of glucometer ADC at up to 200
KHz while the processor frequency is 125 kHz,
which does not meet the criterion of Nyquist theory.
To overcome this problem, the program that can
received real value and then be stored and sent to the
server was made on android phone.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was part of the Hasanuddin University
PUPT Research and Development (R&D) Project
funded from DGHE (Directorate General of Higher
Education), Ministry of Research, Technology and
Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia. The R&D
grant itself was granted for the financial year 2016.
The authors would like to deliver the sincere thanks
to all parties who involved and supported the
implementation of the research project. The research
works were also the research collaboration between
the Electrical Engineering Department and the
Medical Science Faculty, Hasanuddin University
(UNHAS) Makassar Indonesia
REFERENCES
[1] Amil Ahmad Ilham, Elyas Palantei, and Santi, “Development
of Medical Data Visual Display for The Interactive
Telemedicine Network” (Pengembangan Tampilan Visual

Real Time Blood Sugar Monitoring
118
View publication stats
Volume-5, Issue-7, Jul.-2017
Data Medis Pada Jaringan Telemedis Interaktif), Electrical
Engineering Study Program, Informatics Engineering sub-
Study Program, Engineering Faculty Universitas Hasanuddin.
Makassar, 2014.
[2] Rizha Tamridho, “Construction of Blood Sugar Tester
Instrumentation System” (Rancangbangun Alat Pengukur
Kadar Gula Darah), Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 2010.
[3] Shyr-Kuen Chen, Tsair Kao, Chia-Tai Chan, Chih-Ning
Huang, Chih-Yen Chiang, Chin-Yu Lai, Tse-Hua Tung, and
Pi-Chung Wang. A Reliable Transmission Protocol for
ZigBee-Based Wireless Patient Monitoring. IEEE
transactions on information technology in biomedicine, vol.
16, no. 1, January 2012.
[4] B.G.Sudharshan, S.C Prasanna Kumar, Shashiraj Yadav R V.
A Review of Various Technologies And Transmission Modes
For Design And Development of A Transmission Enabled
Glucometer. International Journal of Research in Engineering
and Technology. Volume: 03 Issue: 06, June-2014.
[5] Mala Lavanya, and Ashok Shigli. Reliable Transmission
Protocal for Gsm And Http Based on Wireless Patient
Monitoring. International Journal of Advance Engineering
and Research Development,Volume 1, Issue 12, December –
2014.
[6] Poedjiadi, Anna, “Fundamental of Biochemistry” (Dasar-
Dasar Biokimia), Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia Press, 1994.
[7] Amatsier, Yunita. “Fundamental of Nutrition Science”
(Prinsip Dasar Ilmu Gizi). Jakarta : Gramedia Pustaka Utama,
2013.
[8] Ponco Indrianto, “Measurement Tool for Glucose Quantity
Containing in Blood” (Alat Pengukur Glukosa Dalam
Darah), Department of Electrical Engineering, Industrial
Engineering Faculty, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata,
Semarang, 2004.