3

READY TO WRITE
FROM PARAGRAPH TO ESSAY
THIRD EDITION

KAREN BLANCHARD • CHRISTINE ROOT

ANSWER KEY
Ready to Write 3: From Paragraph to Essay, Third Edition
Answer Key

Copyright © 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced,

stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of the publisher.

Pearson Education, 10 Bank Street, White Plains, NY 10606

Staff credits: The people who made up the Ready to Write 3: From Paragraph to Essay
Answer Key team, representing editorial, production, design, and manufacturing, are
Pietro Alongi, Nancy Flaggman, Christopher Leonowicz, Amy McCormick, Massimo
Rubini, Barbara Sabella, Mairead Stack, Jennifer Stem, and Paula Van Ells.

Text composition: TSI Graphics

Text font: 10/12 Times

ISBN-13: 978-0-13-136336-6
ISBN-10: 0-13-136336-0

PEARSON LONGMAN ON THE WEB

Pearsonlongman.com offers online

resources for teachers and students. Access
our Companion Websites, our online catalog,
and our local offices around the world.
Visit us at pearsonlongman.com.

Printed in the United States of America

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10—V0KO—14 13 12 11 10
 CONTENTS
PART 1: THE ELEMENTS OF GOOD WRITING

Chapter 1: Getting Ready to Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chapter 2: Writing Paragraphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chapter 3: Revising and Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Chapter 4: Writing Essays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

PART 2: TYPES OF ESSAYS

Chapter 5: Process Essays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Chapter 6: Division and Classification Essays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Chapter 7: Cause and Effect Essays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Chapter 8: Comparison and Contrast Essays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Chapter 9: Problem-Solution Essays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

PART 3: WRITING FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES

Chapter 10: Writing Summaries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Chapter 11: Expressing Your Opinions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Chapter 12: Writing Undergraduate and Graduate

School Application Essays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
PA R T 1 : T H E E L E M E N T S CHAPTER 2
OF GOOD WRITING Writing Paragraphs

Step Two of the Writing Process:

CHAPTER 1
Writing
Getting Ready To Write
State Your Point in a Topic
Elements of Good Writing: SPA Sentence (page 27)
Sentence 1:
Purpose 1. nuclear power
Identifying Purpose (pages 6–9) 2. is our greatest hope for solving the energy crisis

A. Sentence 2:
1. inform 1. nuclear power
2. persuade 2. is a huge threat to life on the planet
3. persuade Analyzing Topic Sentences (page 27)
4. entertain
1. Topic: Mahatma Gandhi
5. inform
Focus: was an influential leader
6. inform
2. Topic: E-mail
7. persuade
Focus: is a great way to stay in touch with your
8. entertain
family and friends
B. 3. Topic: The clothes we wear
Focus: often reflect a lot about our personality
ENTERTAIN INFORM PERSUADE
4. Topic: The Japanese subway system
blogs blogs advertisements
Focus: is very efficient
e-mails directions e-mails
5. Topic: Television commercials
essays e-mails essays
Focus: are often insulting to women
jokes essays letters
6. Topic: My older brother
letters letters memos
Focus: is a perfectionist
newspaper articles memos op-eds
7. Topic: The laws on child abuse
novels newspaper articles
Focus: should be strictly enforced
op-eds op-eds
8. Topic: Being a twin
poems reports
Focus: has both advantages and disadvantages
stories textbooks
9. Topic: The new shopping mall
Focus: has brought many economic benefits to
our community
10. Topic: Golf
Chapter Highlights (page 24)
Focus: is a difficult sport to master
1. subject: what you are writing about
purpose: the reason you are writing; to entertain, Evaluating Topic Sentences (page 28)
to inform, or to persuade Effective topic sentences: 3, 5, 12, 13
audience: who you are writing for Writing Topic Sentences (pages 29–30)
2. prewriting, writing, revising and editing Answers will vary. Possible answers:
3. brainstorming, clustering, freewriting, keeping a
journal 2. People keep pets for many reasons.
4. make an informal outline 3. Climate affects our lives in many ways.
4. Gift-giving customs are different all over the
world.
5. The Nobel Prize has a long and interesting history.

Ready to Write 3 Answer Key 1

Support Your Point restaurants where you can spend time between
flights; Unfortunately, the food served on many
Analyzing Paragraphs for Support (pages 31–32)
flights is unappetizing.
Paragraph with specific support: Paragraph 2
Examples of specific support: a boa constrictor Create Coherence
swam right in front of us while we were rafting
down the Río Claro; spider monkeys threw branches Organizing Your Ideas (pages 40–41)
at us deep in the rain forest; we saw brilliant scarlet 1. spatial order
macaws and toucans with huge yellow beaks 2. order of importance
3. time order
Evaluating Support (pages 31–33)
Identifying Transitions (pages 42–43)
Set 1
1. Paragraph 1 A. First of all, In fact, In addition, also, Finally, For
2. I had to pay $395 to get the brakes repaired; example, More than ever before
another $100 to get the wheels aligned; The B.
engine oil change was $30; the replacement of 1. Transition signals that indicate spatial
the air filter was another $20 relationships: in the center, in a U-shape, on the
Set 2 back wall, on both sides, to the left, To the right,
1. Paragraph 2 Behind you, Above the boards
2. responsible for two labs every week, which 2. Transition signals that indicate additional ideas:
means a minimum of ten hours a week in One cue, Another navigational cue, The most
the lab; three tests per month; questions are important cue
very tricky, and we have to memorize long, 3. Transition signals that indicate time
complicated formulas; reading load is also quite relationships: At first, Eventually, Finally, Today
heavy—as much as twenty-five pages a night
Set 3
1. Paragraph 2 CHAPTER 3
2. Once it begins, the trend toward warmer Revising and Editing
temperatures could be disastrous; This warming
could have a severe impact on our environment
and the world as we know it. Step Three: Revising and Editing
3. An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide of
10 percent over the past century has led some Revising Strategies
authorities to predict a long-term warming of
Practicing Paragraph Revision (pages 49–50)
Earth’s climate; In 2007, more than 10,000
Numbers refer to Revising Checklist on Student
scientists, environmental activists, and government
Book page 48.
officials from 187 countries met in Bali, Indonesia,
for the United Nations Climate Change Conference. 1. Problem: 5; Solution: Add transition words.
2. Problem: 2; Solution: Delete the sentence that
Develop Unity does not support the topic sentence.
3. Problem: 1; Solution: Add a clear topic sentence.
Identifying Irrelevant Sentences (pages 38–39) 4. Problem: 4; Solution: Organize sentences in a
A. Irrelevant sentences: Boston is the logical order.
higher-education capital of the United States;
The two largest universities within the city Grammar Check
itself are Boston University and Northeastern
Agreement of Subjects and Verbs (page 52)
University, and in nearby Cambridge are Harvard
University and the Massachusetts Institute of 1. has
Technology; Boston is also host to the well- 2. does
known Boston Marathon, which is run in April. 3. like
4. doesn’t
C. Topic sentence: If you are a nervous flier, there are
5. is
several things you can do to alleviate the stress.
6. is
Irrelevant sentences: There are also many 7. go
interesting workshops you can take to relieve 8. have
stress at work; Many airports have shops and

2 Ready to Write 3 Answer Key

Agreement of Pronouns and Nouns (page 53) Punctuation and Capitalization
1. comes Punctuation (page 60)
2. have
1. He was born in Portland on April 22, 1981.
3. is
2. How many books have you read lately?
4. cares
3. We will have to leave by 5:30 P.M.
5. is
4. Dr. Anderson has a very full schedule today.
Agreement of Possessive Pronouns 5. I just finished reading Hemingway’s novel
and Adjectives (page 53) The Old Man and the Sea.
1. their 6. Most people like chocolate, but Jane is allergic to it.
2. her 7. The restaurant has three specialties: grilled
3. his steak, marinated chicken, and fried shrimp.
4. their 8. In conclusion, Mario Vargas Llosa is one of the
5. her greatest writers of the twentieth century.
6. mine 9. Marion said, “I can’t go with you because I have
7. hers too much homework.”
10. I think that Pablo Neruda’s poem “If You Forget
Sentence Fragments (page 55) Me” is the most beautiful poem I’ve ever read.
A. Capitalization (page 61)
2. C
3. C 1. My Russian teacher is very handsome.
4. F Possible answer: I was confused because I 2. Have you read Romeo and Juliet in your English
couldn’t understand the homework. literature class yet?
5. F Possible answer: I forgot to stop at the gas 3. I meet with my advisor every Tuesday and
station and ran out of gas on my way to Thursday morning.
work. 4. My sister, Ruth, has just returned from a trip to
6. F Possible answer: Whenever my next-door Istanbul and Athens.
neighbor has time, she works in her garden. 5. Shopping is one of the most popular activities of
7. F Possible answer: Although she had a bad visitors to New York City.
cold and hadn’t slept well for days, she took Punctuation and Capitalization Review (page 62)
the test.
1. Traffic is causing serious pollution in some
8. F Possible answer: My friend told me that it
cities such as Athens, Mexico City, and Los
was the best movie he had ever seen.
Angeles.
Run-on Sentences (page 57) 2. When will Professor Klein be in his office?
1. R Possible answer: I like my dentist because 3. My favorite poem is “Fire and Ice” by Robert
he is very gentle. Frost.
2. R Possible answer: My son bought two T-shirts 4. I’ll meet you on Tuesday afternoon at 4:30 in
because he thought they were so cool. front of the library on Liberty Street.
3. R Possible answer: It was too cold yesterday 5. Mrs. Baker is one of the most inspiring speakers
to ski so we stayed in the lodge all day. I’ve ever heard.
4. C 6. The earliest maps anyone knows of were made
5. R Possible answer: The Pilgrims first came by Babylonians and Egyptians more than
to Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620. They 4,000 years ago.
were seeking religious freedom. 7. The Himalayas are the world’s highest
6. C mountains.
7. R Possible answer: Dennis called to say that 8. Maria asked, “What time does the movie
his computer is making strange noises. He Casablanca start?”
thinks it is broken. 9. In 1980 the wildlife biologist George Shaller
8. R Possible answer: They wanted to play golf began researching the panda in its natural habitat.
but we thought it was too hot so we all 10. Professor Dickens is sick, so his Tuesday night
went swimming instead. class will be canceled.
9. R Possible answer: There are several ways
to get from New York to Philadelphia. The
most convenient is by train.
10. R Possible answer: I have a very good memory.
My husband, on the other hand, does not.

Ready to Write 3 Answer Key 3

CHAPTER 4 4. yes
5. “quickfire challenge;” “elimination challenge;”
Writing Essays incorporate unusual ingredients; demonstrate
both versatility and creativity
Parts of an Essay (pages 68–69) 6. Project Runway
7. yes
introduction; first supporting paragraph; second
8. fashion design
supporting paragraph; third supporting paragraph;
9. supermodel Heidi Klum is the host; variety
conclusion
of creative assignments; contestants asked to
design clothes using garden plants and florist
The Introduction (pages 71–72) supplies or recyclable trash and candy
B. wrappers
1. move from general to specific; present facts and 10. American Idol
statistics 11. yes
2. ask a question; present facts and statistics 12. singing
3. present facts and statistics 13. panel of judges select singers; just twelve
4. use an anecdote finalists; each finalist performs a song in front
5. use a quotation; present facts of a live studio audience; viewers phone in and
vote; winner receives a $100,000 recording
Analyzing Thesis Statements (page 73)
contract
A.
1. yes The Conclusion (pages 76–77)
2. yes; Aspects of the subject that the essay develops:
Top Chef, Project Runway, American Idol A.
1. make a prediction
B. 2. make a prediction
1. More than a method of combat, karate 3. restate the main points
emphasizes self-discipline, positive attitude, and 4. make a prediction
high moral purpose. 5. ask a question
2. Most students cheat on tests because they feel 6. make a prediction
pressure to get into a good college, because they
want to avoid the hours of studying they need in
order to get high grades, or simply because they
are not concerned with honesty. PA R T 2 : T Y P E S O F E S S AY S
3. The solution to this growing problem is not
to build more and bigger prisons, but rather CHAPTER 5
to examine and deal with the causes: access
to guns, drug use, and poverty. Process Essays
4. Pets ranging from dogs to tropical fish are
showing up as therapists in hospitals, nursing Explaining Steps in a Process
homes, and prisons.
5. A job-sharing arrangement increases
The Language of Process: Useful
productivity, helps maintain diversity, and brings
a broader range of skills to the job. Phrases and Sentence Patterns (page 87)
First, Then, Next, After that, Once, When, Finally
The Body (Supporting Paragraphs)
(pages 74–75) Writing Process Paragraphs
1. Three of the highest-rated competition reality Analyzing a Process Essay (page 94)
shows are Top Chef, Project Runway, and B.
American Idol, each of which showcases 1. ask a question
contestants’ talent in a particular area—cooking, 2. how to perform a magic trick
fashion design, or singing. 3. process (time order)
2. Top Chef 4. a. decide on a trick
3. Top Chef revolves around a group of aspiring b. learn and memorize the basic steps of the trick
chefs who compete in a variety of culinary c. practice
challenges to win the top prize of $100,000 and 5. The first thing; At this point; Also; The next, and
a feature article in the prestigious Food and most important step; Finally
Wine magazine. 6. people interested in learning to do magic tricks
4 Ready to Write 3 Answer Key
CHAPTER 6
Division and Classification
Essays
Dividing a Topic Into Groups
Dividing a Subject
Analyzing a Classification Essay (page 104)
B.
1. Although researchers still have much to learn
about human memory, most agree that we have
three different types of memory: sensory memory,
short-term memory, and long-term memory.
2. sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term
memory
3. sensory memory: remembering words at the
beginning of a sentence, finger snapping and
remembering the sound; short-term memory: seven-
digit phone number; long-term memory: how to ride
a bike, read a letter, send an e-mail, sing a song
4. second paragraph: First, For example, Or, Similarly
third paragraph: Unlike, For example
fourth paragraph: Finally, Unlike, For example
CHAPTER 7
Cause and Effect Essays
Describing Causes and Effects
Analyzing an Essay about Causes (page 118)
B.
1. parasites, pesticides, climate change
2. introduction: moving from specific to general;
conclusion: restating the main points
3. first paragraph: Because, However, For example,
Similarly, also
second paragraph: an example, also, also
third paragraph: Another cause, Because
fourth paragraph: In addition, another, For example
fifth paragraph: Overall, However, As well as
CHAPTER 8
Comparison and Contrast
Essays
Methods of Organization for
Comparison and Contrast
Analyzing Essays of Comparison
and Contrast (pages 132–133)
B.
1. the block method
2. It was only after I analyzed the similarities
and differences between the two schools that I
finally came to my decision to begin classes at
Greenwell in the fall.
3. At first glance, it seems that State and Greenwell
have a lot in common.
4. both located in Pennsylvania; tuition is exactly
the same; have good basketball teams; have
large libraries, excellent academic reputations,
and first-class engineering departments
5. It was when I looked at the differences between
the two schools that I made my final decision.
6. State’s location is better; State’s campus is
more attractive; Greenwell offered an $8,000
scholarship, but State offered no financial
aid; Greenwell is closer to home than State;
Greenwell has smaller classes and students get
more personal attention than at State
C.
1. the point-by-point method
2. It was only after I compared the location, cost,
and quality of education of the two schools that
I could finally come to my decision to attend
Greenwell.
3. location, cost, and quality of education
4. least important to most important
5. first paragraph: Although
second paragraph: first thing, First of all
third paragraph: In addition, However, Also, Finally
fourth paragraph: In many ways, Also, So, On
the other hand
fifth paragraph: In conclusion
Ready to Write 3 Answer Key 5
CHAPTER 9
Problem-Solution Essays
Proposing Solutions
Analyzing a Problem-Solution Essay (page 146)
B.
1. Several achievable solutions to the food shortage
crisis include eliminating biofuel subsidies,
introducing new farming techniques, weather-
proofing farm land, and eating less meat.
2. elimination of subsidies for biofuel; develop
new tools to increase crop production;
weather-proof farm land; eat less meat
3. restate the main points; make a prediction
PA R T 3 : W R I T I N G F O R
SPECIFIC PURPOSES
CHAPTER 10
Writing Summaries
Summarizing an Article
Analyzing a One-Paragraph Summary (page 155)
A. Summary 3 is the best because it states the main
point of the article and accurately summarizes
the main ideas in the article. It does not include
any of the minor points of the original article or
any personal opinions of the author.
B. Summary 1 is too short and doesn’t cite all the
main points of the original article.
Summary 2 does not give the name of the
original article. It also includes personal
opinions.
Summary 4 contains too many details while
failing to mention all the important points of
the original article. It also includes personal
opinions.
6 Ready to Write 3 Answer Key
CHAPTER 11
Expressing Your Opinions
Expressing Your Opinion About
Controversial Issues (page 165)
D.
1. The student is opposed to the death penalty.
2. death penalty is immoral and cruel; death
penalty is ineffective; death penalty is costly
Expressing Your Opinion Through
Poetry
Prewriting (page 174)
1. II
2. IV
3. I
4. III
CHAPTER 12
Writing Undergraduate and
Graduate School Application
Essays
Graduate School Essays
Analyzing a Graduate School Personal
Statement (pages 186–187)
1. The student grew up in Turkey. His father is
a civil engineer. The student has been in the
United States for five years and has earned a
bachelor of science in finance with a minor in
economics. He is currently completing a second
undergraduate degree, in mathematics.
2. It shows that the student has always had an
interest in building things.
3. The student wants to return to Turkey and work
on improving the operation and management of
the country’s infrastructure.
4. growing up with a father who was a civil
engineer; the experience of living in a
developing country
5. by getting two undergraduate degrees in related
fields
6. He knows how to work hard, and he can express
himself clearly in correct written English.