IMPROVING THE SOLUTION THROUGH

ADDING TERMS IN THE TRIAL SOLUTION

SERIES:

GALERKIN WEIGHTED RESIDUAL

TECHNIQUE
EXAMPLE 7: Consider a 1mm diameter, 50 mm long aluminium pin-fin used to enhance the
heat transfer from a surface wall maintained at 3000C. The governing differential equation and
the boundary conditions are given by:
d 2T Ph dT
k 2  (T  T ) T (0)  Tw  3000 C 0
dx Ac dx x L
where: k = coefficient of thermal conductivity, P
= Perimeter, Ac= cross sectional area, h =
convective heat transfer coefficient, Tw= wall
temperature, TΘ = Ambient temperature.
Considering, k = 200 W/m/0C for aluminium, h
= 20 W/m2 0C, TΘ = 300C, estimate the
temperature distribution in the fin using the
Galerkin Weighted Residual Method.
d 2T d  h
 (T  30)
dx 2
d 2
k
4
For the given data the governing differential equation is reduced to:
d 2T
2
 400(T  30)
dx
dT
T (0)  Tw  300 C 0
0
dx x L
 Let us choose a quadratic polynomial based trial solution of the form:

T ( x)  T ( x)  C0  C1 x  C2 x 2
The constants may be evaluated so that the trial solution satisfies all the given boundary
conditions: 
T (0)  T (0)  Tw  300  C0  300

dT dT
  0  C1  2C2 L
dx x  L dx x L
So the final trial solution becomes:

T ( x)  T ( x)  300  2C2 Lx  C2 x 2  300  C2 ( x 2  2Lx)
The final trial solution can be brought to the general form as:
 1
T ( x)  T ( x)  300  C2 ( x  2 Lx)     Ci N i
2

i 1

 C1 N1

Substituting the Trial solution into the governing differential equation will lead domain
residual indicating the amount of error in the assumed Trial solution.
d 2T 
 400(T  30) T ( x)  T ( x)  300  C2 ( x 2  2Lx)
2
dx
 
dT 2 
2
 400(T  30)  Rd ( x)
dx
Rd ( x)  2C2  400[270  C2 ( x 2  2 Lx)]

To minimize the domain residual in an overall sense, the weighted integral of the Residual is
equated to zero. The weighting function will be:
W1 ( x)  N1  ( x 2  2Lx)
L

 W ( x) R ( x)dx  0
0
1 d
L

     2 Lx)]}dx  0
2 2
( x 2 Lx ){2C 2 400[ 270 C 2 ( x
0
Solving for the constant coefficient we get, C2 = 38751.43, so the final trial solution becomes:

T ( x)  T ( x)  300  38751.43( x 2  2Lx)
TO IMPROVE THE SOLUTION THROUGH A CUBIC TRIAL SOLUTION

Let us choose a CUBIC polynomial based trial solution of the form:


T ( x)  T ( x)  C0  C1 x  C2 x 2  C3 x 3
The constants may be evaluated so that the trial solution satisfies all the given boundary
conditions:
 
T (0)  T (0)  Tw  300  C0  300

dT dT
  0  C1  2C2 L  3C3 L2
dx x  L dx x  L
So the final trial solution becomes:

T ( x)  T ( x)  300  (2C2 L  3C3 L2 ) x  C2 x 2  C3 x3

 T ( x)  300  C2 ( x 2  2 Lx)  C3 ( x 3  3L2 x)
The final trial solution can be brought to the general form as:
 2
 T ( x)  300  C2 ( x  2 Lx)  C3 ( x  3L x)     Ci Ni
2 3 2

i 1

 C1 N1 C2 N2

Substituting the Trial solution into the governing differential equation will lead domain
residual indicating the amount of error in the assumed Trial solution.
d 2T 
 400 (T  30) T ( x )  300  C ( x 2
 2 Lx)  C ( x 3
 3L2
x)
dx2 2 3

Rd ( x)  2C2  3C3 x  400{270  C2 ( x 2  2Lx)  C3 ( x 3  3L2 x)}

To minimize the domain residual in an overall sense, the weighted integral of the Residual is
equated to zero. The weighting function will be:
 W1 ( x)  N1  ( x 2  2Lx),W2 ( x)  N2  ( x3  3L2 x)
L

        x)}]dx  0
2 2 3 2
( x 2 Lx )[ 2C 2 3C3 x 400{270 C 2 ( x 2 Lx ) C3 ( x 3 L
0
L

        x)}]dx  0
3 2 2 3 2
( x 3 L x )[ 2C 2 3C3 x 400{270 C 2 ( x 2 Lx ) C3 ( x 3 L
0
Solving for the constant coefficient we get, C2 = 48860.4, C3 = -109229
So the final trial solution becomes:

 T ( x)  300  48860.4( x 2  2Lx) 109229( x3  3L2 x)
TO IMPROVE THE SOLUTION THROUGH A QURTIC TRIAL SOLUTION

Let us choose a QUARTIC polynomial based trial solution of the form:


T ( x)  T ( x)  C0  C1 x  C2 x 2  C3 x3  C4 x 4
The constants may be evaluated so that the trial solution satisfies all the given boundary
conditions: 
T (0)  T (0)  Tw  300  C0  300

dT dT
  0  C1  2C2 L  3C3 L2  4C4 L3
dx x L dx x L
The final trial solution can be brought to the general form as:
  3
 T ( x)  300  C2 ( x  2 Lx)  C3 ( x  3L x)  C4 ( x  4 L x)     Ci Ni
2 3 2 4 3

i 1

 C1 N1 C2 N2 C3 N3
L

  2Lx) Rd ( x)dx  0
2
( x
0
L

  x) Rd ( x)dx  0
3 2
( x 3 L
0
L

  x) Rd ( x)dx  0
4 3
( x 4 L
0
Solving for the constant coefficient we get, C2 = 53702.8, C3 = -255688, C4 = 1.32 x 106
So the final trial solution becomes:

T ( x)  300  53702.8( x 2  2Lx)  255688( x3  3L2 x)  1.32 106 ( x 4  4L3 x)
 Tw  T hP
T ( x)  T  ( ) cosh[ m( L  x)], where...m 2  Exact Solution
cosh( mL) kAc

T ( x)  300  38751.43( x 2  2Lx) Quadratic Trial Solution

T ( x)  300  48860.4( x 2  2Lx) 109229( x3  3L2 x) Cubic Trial Solution

T ( x)  300  53702.8( x 2  2Lx)  255688( x3  3L2 x)  1.32 106 ( x 4  4L3 x) Quartic
x QUADRATIC CUBIC QURATIC EXACT
0 300 300 300 300
0.005 281.5930708 280.8737439 280.748334 280.7537943
0.01 265.123713 264.108586 264.001592 264.0172168
0.015 250.5919268 249.6226046 249.597708 249.6227623
0.02 237.997712 237.333878 237.394416 237.4263663
0.025 227.3410688 227.1604844 227.26925 227.305963
0.03 218.621997 219.020502 219.119544 219.1602641
0.035 211.8404968 212.8320091 212.862432 212.9077447
0.04 206.996568 208.513084 208.434848 208.4858275
0.045 204.0902108 205.9818049 205.793526 205.8502565
0.05 203.121425 205.15625 204.915 204.9746539
It may be observed that the accuracy of the Galerkin approximate solutions can be
systematically improved by taking more and more terms in the series solution.
However, mathematical manipulations become very tedious. We will instead to improve
the solution while working with simpler, lower order polynomials.