A 9-story RCC residential building, shown in Figure

4.16 is to be constructed in an area of seismic Zone III having medium soil. The plan dimension
of the building is 20m x 30m with storey height of 3.65m. Determine the base shear and lateral
forces on each floor as per the IS: 1893-2002 code. Use both seismic coefficient and response
spectrum approach. Take inter- story lateral stiffness of floors i.e. k1=k2=k3=1326×106 N/m,
k4=k5=k6= 994.5×106 and k7=k8=k9=663×106 N/m. The loading on the floors shall be taken as

Location Floors Roof

Self Wt + Dead load (kN/m2) 10 4
Live load (kN/m2) 5 1.5

K9

K8

K7

K6

K5

K4

K3

K2

K1

SOLUTUION
STEP 1:- Using Equivalent Static Analysis
Weight of the Floor
Seismic weight of roof = dead load + 25% of imposed load
Seismic weight of roof = 30×20×4+0.25×1.5*20×30
= 3300KN
Seismic weight of each floor = dead load + a fraction of imposed load
= 30×20×10 + 0.25× (30×20×5)
=6750kN
 Total load of the building=3300KN+8*6750KN=57300KN

Fundamental Period
T1 = C1 H3/4 , C1 = 0.075 for RC structure from EBCS-8
T1=0.075*(32.85)3/4
T1 =1.03sec
Response Factor
For soil class-A, S=1.5
1.2∗1.5
1.2 S
Β= 32/ 3 = 1.03 2 =1.765
T1
3
β = 1.765 ≤ 2.5…….OK‼
Behavior Factor
γ = γ0 kD kR kW ≤ 0.70
γ0 for frame system = 0.2
kD = 1.5 (considering medium ductile)
kR = 1 (considering regular structure)
kW = 1 (for frame structure)

γ = 0.2 * 1.5 * 1 * 1 = 0.3≤ 0.7…….OK‼

α = α0I
I= Importance factor
= 1 for ordinary building
α0= Bedrock acceleration ratio
=0.1 for Zone IV
α = 0.1*1 = 0.1

Design Spectrum
Sd(T) = αβγ
=0.1*1.765*0.3 = 0.053
Base Shear
Fb = Sd (T1)W
= 0.053*57300= 3036.9KN
Distribution of Base Shear to Each Storey

Ft = 0.07 T1 Fb = 0.07*1.03*3036.9=218.96KN

Fi = (Fb – Ft) Wi hi
Σ Wj hj

4.7.1 Distribution of Design Force

The design base shear, Vb computed above shall be distributed along the height of the
building as per the following expression,
2
Wh
Qi  n
i i

W h
j 1
j j
2

(4.44)
where
Qi = design lateral force at ith floor
Wi = seismic weight of ith floor
hi = height of ith floor measured from base, and
n = numbers of storey in the building is the number of the levels at which the masses are
located

In case of buildings whose floors are capable of providing rigid horizontal diaphragm action,
the total shear in any horizontal plane shall be distributed to the various vertical elements of
lateral force resisting system, assuming the floors to be infinitely rigid in the horizontal plane.

In case of building whose floor diaphragms cannot be treated infinitely rigid in their own
plane , the lateral shear at each floor shall be distributed to the vertical elements resisting the
lateral forces, considering the in plane flexibility of the diaphragms.

FLOOR weight Level Wi*Hi FB-Ft Fi

Roof 3300 32.85 104805 2818.9 525

7th 6750 29.90 197100 2818.9 558

6th 6750 25.55 172462.5 2818.9 488.4

5th 6750 21.90 14782.5 2818.9 418.6

4th 6750 18.25 123187.5 2818.9 348.9

3rd 6750 14.60 98550 2818.9 279.1

2nd 6750 10.95 73912.5 2818.9 209.11

1st 6750 7.3 49275 2818.9 139.5

Ground 6750 3.65 24637.5 2818.9 69.8

sum 57300 995355

 Dynamic analysis

Response Spectrum Method (Dynamic Analysis)

Dynamic analysis should be performed to obtain the design seismic force, and its distribution
to different levels along the height of the building and to various lateral load resisting elements, for
the following buildings: • Regular buildings- Those are greater than 40 m in height in zone IV, V and
those are greater than 90 m height in zones II,III, and • Irregular buildings-All framed buildings
higher than 12 m in zone IV and V, and those are greater than 40 m in height in zone II and III.
Dynamic analysis may be performed either by time history method or by the response spectrum
method. However in either method, the design base shear Vb shall be compared with a base shear
Vb calculated using a fundamental period Ta. When Vb is less than Vb all the response quantities shall
be multiplied by Vb /Vb The values of damping for a building may be taken as 2 and 5 percent of the
critical, for the purpose of dynamic analysis of steel and reinforced concrete buildings, respectively.
4.8.2 Modes to be Considered The number of modes to be considered in the analysis should be such
that the sum of the total modal masses of all modes considered is at least 90% of the total seismic
mass and the missing mass correction beyond 33%.If modes with natural frequency beyond 33 Hz are
to be considered, modal combination shall be carried out only for modes up to 33 Hz.
4.8.3 Computation of Dynamic Quantities Buildings with regular ,or nominally irregular plan
configuration may be modeled as a system of masses lumped at the floor levels with each mass having
one degree of freedom, that of lateral displacement in the direction of consideration. In such a case,
the following expressions shall hold in computations of various quantities.
The step followed for this type of analysis are;
 - Determine mass matrix, m
 - Determine stiffness matrix, k
 - Find the natural frequencies ωn (or periods, Tn=2π/ωn) and mode shapes φn of the
system
 - Compute peak response for the nth mode, and repeat for all modes.
 - Combine individual modal responses for quantities of interest (displacements, shears,
moments, stresses, etc.).
Step-1; mass matrix (m) determination
Seismic weight of roof = dead load + 25% of imposed load
Seismic weight of roof = 30×20×4+0.25×1.5*20×30 = 3300KN=3.3*106 N
Seismic weight of each floor = dead load + a fraction of imposed load
= 30×20×10 + 0.25× (30×20×5) =6750kN=6.75*106 N
The mass matrix of the building is:-
Assuming gravity=10m/s2
 We used Is 1893-2002 (part 1) code to find
Natural frequency (rad /sec)

6.98 18.78 30.40 41.96 50.91 59.79 62.21 69.64 79.60

Mode-shapes

1.91 2.01 1.79 2.21 1.91 3.07 2.11 0.17 0.00

1.87 1.69 1.04 0.45 -0.33 -1.90 -1.59 -0.20 -0.01
1.73 0.72 -0.75 -2.17 -1.64 0.50 1.38 0.48 0.03
1.50 -.52 -1.79 -.64 1.67 0.95 -1.46 -1.38 -0.14
1.29 -1.22 -1.29 1.20 0.75 -1.21 0.74 2.22 0.39
1.04 -1.60 0.08 1.51 -1.58 -0.24 0.87 -1.98 -0.88
.75 -1.58 1.39 -0.10 -0.94 1.35 -1.43 0.76 1.88
.51 -1.25 1.68 -1.21 0.86 -.08 -0.15 0.81 -2.52
.26 -.69 1.12 -1.16 1.45 -1.36 1.45 -1.28 1.75

Analysis by response spectrum method

Stiffness matrix of the building
1) Using dynamic analysis;
The step followed for this type of analysis are;
 - Determine mass matrix, m
 - Determine stiffness matrix, k
 - Find the natural frequencies ωn (or periods, Tn=2π/ωn) and mode shapes φn of the
system
 - Compute peak response for the nth mode, and repeat for all modes.
  - Combine individual modal responses for quantities of interest (displacements, shears,
moments, stresses, etc.).
Step-1; mass matrix (m) determination

m1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 m2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

( )
0 0 m3 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 m4 0 0 0 0 0
3
0 0 0 0 m5 0 0 0 0 ∗10
0 0 0 0 0 m6 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 m7 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 m8 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 m9
m= Kg
g

0.675 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0.675 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

( )
0 0 0.675 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0.675 0 0 0 0 0
3
m= 0 0 0 0 0.675 0 0 0 0 ∗10 K
0 0 0 0 0 0.675 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.675 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.675 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.33

Step2: Finding Eigen values and Eigen vectors using the equation the following equation;
det |{[ k ] −wi2 [ m ] }|=0

k 1+ k 2 −k 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
−k 2 k 2+k 3 −k 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

( )
0 −k 3 k 3+k 4 −k 4 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 −k 4 k 4+ k 5 −k 5 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 −k 5 k 5+ k 6 −k 6 0 0 0 *106 N/m
0 0 0 0 −k 6 k 6+ k 7 −k 7 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 −k 7 k 7 +k 8 −k 8 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 −k 8 k 8+k 9 −k 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 −k 9 k9
 1326+1326 −1326 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1326+1326 0 0 0 0 0 0

( )
−1326 −1326
0 −1326 1326+1326 −1326 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 −1326 1326+1326 −1326 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 −1326 1326+663 −1326 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 −663 663+ 663 −663 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 −663 663+ 663 −663 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 −663 663+663 −663
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 −663 663
*106

The mode shape and frequency of the building are obtained using the equation IS1893 code

∅1 ∅2 ∅3 ∅4 ∅5 ∅6 ∅7 ∅8 ∅9
1.91 2.01 1.79 2.21 1.91 3.07 2.11 0.17 0.00
1.87 1.69 1.04 0.45 -0.33 -1.90 -1.59 -0.20 -0.01
1.73 0.72 -0.75 -2.17 -1.64 0.50 1.38 0.48 0.03
1.50 -.52 -1.79 -.64 1.67 0.95 -1.46 -1.38 -0.14
1.29 -1.22 -1.29 1.20 0.75 -1.21 0.74 2.22 0.39
∅
1.04 -1.60 0.08 1.51 -1.58 -0.24 0.87 -1.98 -0.88
.75 -1.58 1.39 -0.10 -0.94 1.35 -1.43 0.76 1.88
.51 -1.25 1.68 -1.21 0.86 -.08 -0.15 0.81 -2.52
.26 -.69 1.12 -1.16 1.45 -1.36 1.45 -1.28 1.75

.
6.98 18
18.78
30.40
41.96
ω= rad/sec
50.91
59.79
62.21
69.64
79.60

The corresponding time period given by

2π
Ti=
ωi

ω (rad/sec
) T (sec)
 6.98 0.899713
18.78 0.334398
30.4 0.206579
41.96 0.149666
50.91 0.123355
59.79 0.105034
62.21 0.100948
69.64 0.090178
79.6 0.078894

The modal participation factors using equation

a) Modal Participation Factor: The factor is given by

n
W  i ik

Pk  i1
n

W (
2
i ik )
i1 (4.46)
b) Design lateral force at each floor in each Mode: The peak lateral force at floor i in kth
mode is given by
Qik A  p W
k ik k i

where, Ak = Design horizontal acceleration spectrum values using the natural period
of vibration

Design Criteria

For the purpose of determining the design seismic forces, the country (India) is classified into
four seismic zones (II, III, IV, and V). Previously, there were five zones, of which Zone I and
II are merged into Zone II in fifth revision of code. The design horizontal seismic forces
coefficient Ah for a structure shall be determined by following expression

ZISa
Ah
2Rg (4.36)

Z = zone factor for the maximum considerable earthquake (MCE) and service life of the
structure in a zone. Factor 2 in denominator is to reduce the MCE to design basis earthquake
(DBE).

I = importance factor , depending on the functional purpose of the building, characterized by

hazardous consequences of its failure , post earthquake functional needs, historical value , or
economic importance.
R = response reduction factor, depending upon the perceived seismic damage performance of
the structure, characterized by ductile or brittle deformations however the ratio I/R shall not
be greater than 1.

Sa /g = average response acceleration coefficient (Figure 4.13).

For rocky, or hard soil sites;

115T (0.00T 0.10)

Sga
=  2.50 (0.10T 0.40)
1.00 / T (0.4T 4.00)

(4.37)

For medium soil sites

1  15T (0.00T 0.10)


Sga
=  2.50 (0.10T 0.55)
1.36 / T (0.55T
 (4.38)
4.00)

For soft soil sites

115T (0.00T0.10)
Sga 
=  2.50 (0.10T0.67)
1.67 / T (0.67T4.00)
 (4.39)

w ∅ W*∅ w*∅ 2 p
0.01203 523.560
1 3300 0.00191 6.303 9 2
11.407 0.01927
2 6750 0.00169 5 9 591.716
0.00379
3 6750 -0.00075 -5.0625 7 -1333.33
0.00276
4 6750 -0.00064 -4.32 5 -1562.5
0.00379 1333.33
5 6750 0.00075 5.0625 7 3
0.00038
6 6750 -0.00024 -1.62 9 -4166.67
0.01380
7 6750 -0.00143 -9.6525 3 -699.301
0.00442 1234.56
8 6750 0.00081 5.4675 9 8
9 6750 0.00175 11.812 0.02067 571.428
 5 2 6

Horizontal seismic coefficient ak in kth mode is calculated as

A1 1
A2 0.5
A3 0.5
A4 1
A5 1
A6 1
A7 0.87
A8 0.94
A9 1

Design of lateral load at the ith floor in case mode

 72.4 45.2 69.47 25 −19 17.6 10.7 −5.2 0.253
−1 21.6 105.6 80 74.5 87.4 60.5 13.4 0.01

( )
−3
178 1 1 9.1 43.6 68.6 −56 63 52 36.0 5 −3.2
16 0 .5 83 6 7.20 −24.9 41 25 12 −1 0 3.96
Q= 165.7 1 10.5 20.54 68 52 −35 14.3 5.2 0 2.11 KN
80.6 2 0.12 13.92 9 −3.7 2 .675 2.12 1.23 −0.63
−1 34 12 3.7 65.7 19 12 −6.78 6 .675 3.2 0 2
9 9.8 55.6 1 6.54 −4.3 3.6 3.42 2 0.675 −2.3
2 63 107.8 6 5.32 49.96 −3 0 26 16 −12.6 0 0.33

The story shear force in each mode per equation

Storey shear force in each mode: The storey peak shear force at ith storey in mode k is given by
Vik
n
V  Qik
j i1

72.4 45.2 69.47 25 −19 17.6 10.7 −5.2 0.253

277 87.4 61.1 41 4.59 34.4 0.01

( )
−56 −8
202 63 41 19 63 10.5 5.2 26.01 −0.32
333 −106.5 36.05 −24.9 141 25 12 −8 3.96
V = 141 110.5 49.96 45 26.24 −45.2 24.3 9.11 0.36 KN
195 142 84.1 97 −46.37 9.78 20.12 7.23 −0.61
415 60.5 71.1 49.19 26.97 −6.68 6.75 11.20 2
202 −90 36.05 −4.3 24.30 7.1 11 0.775 3.90
183 89 65.32 52.96 −36.91 46 17.1 −22.60 4.1

The modal combination rule is applied to obtain story shear is given below

VR 148.36
V8 324.6
V7 512.6
V6 789.65
V5 824.3
V4 899.65
V3 975.68
V2 1017.6
V1 1135.9
Peak lateral forces on each story
Lateral forces are back calculated by storey shear. For example QRoof = VRoof and Q7 =
V7 – VRoof similarly Q6 = V6 - V7 and so on.

QR 158.7
Q8 214.7
Q7 230.4
Q6 216.1
Q5 192.29
Q4 173.13
Q3 133.6
Q2 146.92
Q1 80.39

The total base shear obtained is

R
=∑ Q = 1135.9KN
1

The values of lateral forces and base shear thus obtained by seismic coefficient method
and response spectra method are summarized below
The corrected final lateral force and story shears are

Floor/Roof Seismic Coefficient Method Response Spectrum Method

Qi (kN) Vi (kN) Qi (kN) Vi (kN)

Roof 222.8 222.8 160.7 160.7

8 422.5 645.3 217.4 378.1

7 323.5 968.8 236.0 614.1

6 237.7 1206.5 218.8 832.9

5 165.0 1371.5 194.7 1027.7

4 105.6 1477.1 175.3 1203.0

3 59.4 1536.5 137.0 1340.0

2 26.4 1562.9 148.1 1488.1

1 6.6 1569.5 81.4 1569.4