Design of thin walled vessels under internal pressure

Ellipsoidal head

Most standard ellipsoidal heads are manufactured with major to minor

axis ratio of 2:1. Minimum thickness of the head as specified by ASME
Sec VIII D.1 is,

Pi D i
t= +c
2 SE− 0.2 Pi

Where, Pi, Di are as per the cylindrical shell, E=1.0 for formed heads
 Hemispherical head
As per ASME Sec VIII D.1, thickness is same as per spherical shell
i.e.
Pi D i
t= +c
4 SE− 0.4 Pi
E=1.0 for formed head

Maximum allowable joint efficiency (E)

Double welded butt joint with full radiography – E = 1.0
Double welded butt joint with spot radiography – E = 0.85
Double welded butt joint with no radiography – E = 0.70