Uc6 PDF

ANRS TVED Bureau
Education and Training Core Process
BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE OPERATIONS

NTQF Level I
Unit of Competence: Carry-out Basic Leveling

Module Title: Carrying-out Basic Leveling
LG Code: CON BIO1M06 LO1-
TTLM Code: CON BIO1TTLM 0816v1
Instruction Sheet Learning Guide #1
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following learning outcome and content coverage.
MODULE CONTENTS
LO1: Plan and prepare
1.1 Safety for equipment , OHS regulation requirements and application
1.2 Basic concept of technical report writing
1.3 Analyze Data recording and Documentation
1.4 Basic concept of leveling terminology
1.5 Read, sketch and interpret drawing
1.6 Road safety measures
1.7 Types and function of leveling equipment
1.8 Concept of environmental protection
1.9 Communication skill
1.10 Work ethics
1.11 Technical Report writing
LO2 Establish offsets for civil works

2.1 construction survey
2.1.1 Procedure to establish road boundaries
2.1.2 Procedure to establish offset
2.1.3 Re-establish earthwork and pavement control lines
2.1.4 Establish drainage offsets
LO3. Set up and use leveling device

3.1 Basic concept of levelling task and calculation
3.2 levelling instrument setup
3.3 Carrying out basic levelling
3.4 Method and principle of Transfer height
3.5 Levelling Accuracy
LO4. Clean up
4.1project environmental management plan
4.2Cleaning and handling of tools and equipment
Learning Guide for Date: August ‎ ‎ 2016

Basic Infrastructure Operations Level I Author: ANRS TVED Bureau Education and Training Core Process Page 2 of 47
Version: 1 Revision: 0
Learning Instructions:
1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.
2. Follow the instructions described in number 3 to 20.
3. Read the information written in the “Information Sheets 1”. Try to understand what are being
discussed. Ask you teacher for assistance if you have hard time understanding them.
4. Accomplish the “Self-check 1” in page 11.
5. Ask from your teacher the key to correction (key answers) or you can request your teacher to
correct your work. (You are to get the key answer only after you finished answering the Self-
check 1).
6. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation proceed to “Information Sheet 2”. However, if your
rating is unsatisfactory, see your teacher for further instructions or go back to Learning
Activity #2.
7. Submit your accomplished Self-check. This will form part of your training portfolio.
8. Read the information written in the “Information Sheet 2”. Try to understand what are being
discussed. Ask you teacher for assistance if you have hard time understanding them.
check 2).
11. Read the information written in the “Information Sheets 3 and 4”. Try to understand what are
being discussed. Ask you teacher for assistance if you have hard time understanding them.
check 3).
check 4).
16. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation proceed to “Operation Sheet 1” in page 44. However, if
your rating is unsatisfactory, see your teacher for further instructions or go back to Learning
Activity #2.
17. Read the “Operation Sheet 1” and try to understand the procedures discussed.
18. read the information written in the “Information Sheets. You will be also provided with
additional reference reading materials.

19. Practice the steps or procedures as illustrated Operation Sheet. Go to your teacher if you need
clarification or you want answers to your questions or you need assistance in understanding a
particular step or procedure.
20. Do the “LAP test” in page 45 (if you are ready). Request your teacher to evaluate your
performance and outputs. Your teacher will give you feedback and the evaluation will be either
satisfactory or unsatisfactory. If unsatisfactory, your teacher shall advice you on additional work.
But if satisfactory you can proceed to Learning Guide #7.

Information Sheet-1 Plan & prepare work
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Definition and uses of leveling
Leveling is a type of surveying which is carried out for measuring the elevation of ground
points or near to it and to establish the elevation or heights of ground points which are vital
for engineering design. The elevation of points or heights of points is defined as its vertical
distance above or below a given reference, Level surface, Datum.
The elevation or height of points has been defined as its vertical distance above or
below a given reference. Generally leveling is a vital operation producing necessary data for
mapping, engineering design & construction.
Leveling results are used to:
1. Design high ways, railways & canals having grade lines that best conform to the
existing topography
2. Layout construction works or projects according to planned elevations.
3. Calculate volumes of earth work.
4. Investigate drainage characteristics of an area.
5. Develop maps showing general ground configuration.
6. Determine the height (altitude) of the ground at a number of points along any
desired lines so that sections may be drown.
7. To set out level or horizontal surface such as floor slabs, foundation trenches and
machine bases etc

The basic and frequently used terms in leveling:
A- Datum or datum plane: is the point or plane with reference to which levels other points or
planes ore calculated.
B- Reduced level (R.L) the levels of various points takes 0$ heights above the surface or it
is a height of points stated with reference to the selected dot the work in hand.
C- Level surface:- a curved surface that at every point is perpendicular to the plumb line
D- Horizontal surface: - is any surface that is tangential to the level surface at given point & is
perpendicular to the vertical line.
E- Horizontal line: - is a line in a horizontal plane or surface perpendicular to t~ vertical line.
F- Vertical line: - is a line that fol1ows the direction of gravity.
G- Elevation: - is the vertical distance from a datum to a point.
H- Instrument station: - is the place where the instrument is set up for observation
I- Leveling rod (leveling staff) is a measuring instrument that is graduated for vertical
measurement.
J - Staff station: - is the point where a leveling staff is held vertically for taken readings.
K- Height of collimation (H. C)- is the vertical distance from the datum to the line sight of the
instrument
M- Back sight (B.S) - is a staff reading taken on a point after the instrument is immediately set
up.
N- Fore sight (F.S):-is the last reading or sight taken during leveling before the instrument is
moved.
p- Turning point (changing point) - (T.P or C.P) - is the station or point where both fore sight
&Back sight readings are taken it denotes the shifting of the instrument.
Q- Bench mark (B.M):- is a relative permanent & fixed reference point of known elevation
& after Elevation are determined from it
Note- leveling: - the process of determining of the elevation of points.
Level: ~ is the instrument used to take readings for elevation
Level surface
Fig 1
1.2 Types of leveling instrument

Leveling is the term used for determining the height or difference in height. above the ground
form a horizontal reference surface.
The instrument used for leveling is called a' level. Leveling instruments can be classified
under three categories, i.e.,
 Dumpy level,
 Tilting level,
 Automatic level.

 Digital level

1.2.1 Parts of the level
A typical level can contain some main components like;
1. Objective lens- it is used for gathering the incoming light rays.
2. Eye piece - it is a microscope used for viewing the image focused by the Objective lens.
3. Foot screws- are used to see the telescope in a horizontal plane.
4. Focusing knob- it is used to show the image clearly by adjusting the distance between
the instrument and the target (staff) by focusing
Fig 1.1 Fig 1.2
1. Focusing screw
2. Eyepiece
3. Foot screw
4. Tangent screw
5. Circular bubble
6. Horizontal circle
7. Base plate
8. Collimator (sight)
9. Object lens

1.2.2 Dumpy level
In dumpy level, the line of sight is perpendicular to the vertical axes. Once the instrument is
leveled the line of sight becomes horizontal and the vertical axes become truly vertical
provided the instrument is in adjustment.
1.2.3 Tilting Level
The telescope is not rigidly attached with the tribrach as the dumpy level. These types of
instruments can be tilted a small amount in the vertical plane between the telescope and the
pivot. The amount of tilt can be controlled or adjusted with the help of tilting screw
1.2.4 Automatic level
These type of instrument is leveled automatically by means of a compositor which ensures

that the line of sight viewed, through the telescope is horizontal. The advantage of thise
instrumentare : it can be leveled with in assort period of time and shows an erect
imagethruogh the telescope.
1.2.5 Use and types of staff
Leveling staffs are classified into two groups
1 Target staff
2 self reading staff
Staff is used for measuring distances vertically above or below points on which it is held
relatively to a line of collimation as defined by the level. Many types of staff are in current
use and marking can take different forms, but the E type staff face is the most common
Examples see the figure E. type of staff

Fig 1.3

Self-Check 1 Written Test
Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in the next
page:
Answer the questions.

1. Leveling may be defined as the process of determining ________________________.
a. the horizontal distance between points
b. the distance the spreader and roller
c. the vertical distance between points
d. the distance between the stake and hub
2. An elevation is the above a reference plane, or datum.
a. horizontal distance
b. vertical distance
c. corrected point
d. staking party
3. Name three types of levels used in construction surveying.
1. __________________________________
2. __________________________________
3. __________________________________
4. Match the following columns:
Column A Column B
_____a. Backsight 1. The elevation of the level line sight projected by the instrument, when
properly set up.
_____b. Foresight 2. An intermediate reference point used when it is necessary to move the
instrument ahead while running a line of levels.
_____c. Turning Point 3. Rod reading taken on a point to determine the elevation on that point,
sometimes called a minus (-) sight.
_____d. H.I. 4.Rod reading taken on a point of known elevation, sometimes called a plus (+)
sight.

Answer Sheet Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
1. ________________________.
2. ________________________.
3.
________________________
________________________.
________________________
4. ________________________.
5. ________________________.
6. ________________________.
7. ________________________.
8. ________________________.

Information Sheet-2 Setting up and using leveling devices
2.1 Setting up level

Level is an instrument that is used to perform leveling operation
BasicRulesforLeveling
• Alwaysstart and finish a leveling runon a Benchmark (BMor TGBM) and closetheloops
• Keepfore sight and back sight distances asequal aspossible
• Keeplinesof sight short(normally < 50m)
• Never read below0.5m on a staff (refraction)
• Usestable,well defined changepoints
• Bewareof shadowing effects andcrossing waters

The following steps are taken when using a level to measure heights
1. Set up the tripod
2. Ensure the top is level
3. Push legs firmly into the ground
4. Attach level
5. Use foot screws to centralise the circular bubble
6. Test to see if the compensator is working
7. Remove parallax
Once the level is set up its important that the line of sight is horizontal.
When the footscrews have been used to centralise the circular bubble, it is assumed that the
compensator has set the line of sight to be horizontal.However, most levels are not in perfect adjustment and when
levelled their line of sight is never exactly horizontal.
2.2 Types of leveling

Some of the methods of leveling are
 Direct or Simple Leveling
 -. Differential leveling
 -. Profile leveling
 -. Cross - section leveling
 -. Trigonometric leveling
 -. Reciprocal leveling
 .Barometric leveling
2.2.1 Direct or Simple Leveling

Let us now examine in turn each of the above types of leveling. Let us
assume that the elevation of station A from a given datum is known and
that the elevation of a second point B is to be determined from the same
reference datum. If tI-j, two points are so situated that they are visible
from a single set up of the level, the instrument is set up approximately
mid-way between the two points as shown in fig. 4.6 and the staff
readings are taken

Fig 2.1
 1 – direct leveling a back sight is taken on the rod held at the bench mark ( A ) .
 H..I = E.L.V of B.M. ( A ) + B.S.
 Turning the telescope to bring into view the rod held on point B afore sight is
taken .
 elev. Point B = H .I – F .S
 check the work by the following equation :- ∑ B.S. - ∑ F.S. = Last R.L. – First R.L.
Let the readings at A (hA) and B(hB) be 1.26 and 1.85 m respectively. As the staff reading at
B is greater than that at A, it is clear that the ground at B is at a lower Level than at A by
0.59m. This fact is attested by finding the difference in elevation as follows
In leveling, a difference in elevation is always computed by subtracting the second staff
reading from the first one.
Difference in elevation = hA - hB = 1.26 -.1; 85 = -0.59 m.
The minus sign denotes that. Station B is lower from station A by 0.59 m, i.e., the ground at B
is at a lower elevation than at A
Elevation of B=Elevation of A + (hA – Hb)
=< 1235.530 - 0.590
=1234.940 m

2.2.2 Differential leveling
Differential leveling is most efficiently performed by a party of five,.:
 an observer or instrument man,
 an umbrella man,
 a note keeper and
 two staff men
The more general case occurs when the two stations whose levels are to be compared
are so situated that due to the distance apart, the difference of elevation and intervention
of obstacles, readings cannot be taken from any instrument set-up on staff successively
placed on them differential leveling is illustrated from the following figure and steps
differential leveling
Fig 2.2

Leveling Field Book
Project __________ Place ______________Date____________
Station BS IS HI Remark
FS RL
BS-Back sight HI-Height of instrument

IS-Intermediate sight RL-Reduced level
FS-Fore sight

Staff Reading
Rise Fall RL Distance
Line BS IS FS 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4
Table
1
1 0.458 1958.488
2 1.650 0.995 0.537 1957.951

3 0.922 0.728 1958.679
4 2.000 1.555 0.633 1958.046
5 0.758 1.242 1959.288
6 0.952 0.194 1959.094
7
8 4.108 3.502 1.970 1.364
9 3.502 1.364
10 0.606 0.606 0.606
Level field book
Arithmetical Check
As in all surveying operations, a check should be provided on the arithmetic. Referring the
above figure the elevation of the BM is carried forward to station B on the principle that the
change of elevation recorded for the first set-up is equal to back sight minus fore sight
Hence for the whole survey,
The RL of F is given by the RL of A + all back sights - all fore sights
RL of F=1958.488+4.108-3.502=1959.094m
∑ BS - ∑FS = 4.108 - 3502 = 0.606(lines8,9& 10)
∑Rises - ∑Falls = 1.970 -1.364 = 0.606 (lines 8,9 & 10)
∑BS - ∑FS = ∑ Rises- ∑Falls
From the above we note that: First RL - Last RL = 1958.488 - 1959.094 = 0.606
2.2.3 PROFILE LEVELING

Profile Leveling is the process of determining the elevations of points at short measured
intervals along a fixed line such as the center line of Road highway, railway, canal or sewer.
Before railway, highway, transmission line, side walk, canal or sewer, can be designed profile
of the existing ground is necessary.
The elevations of points along the proposed center line, at a known (usually regular) distance
apart are obtained The route along which the profile is round may be a single street line, has
in the case of a short side walk, a broken line has in the case of a transmission line or sewer,
or a series of street line connected by curves; has in the case of a rail way, highway of canal..
The data obtained in the field are usually employed in plotting the profile.
Profile leveling is a longitudinal section view showing the undulation (Ups & downs) of the
ground surface along a given line, which is usually the center line of a rood, roil way canal
or pipe line, the plotted profile is a graphical representation of the intersection of a
vertical surface or a series of vertical surface with the surface of the earth, but it is
generally drawn so that the vertical scale is much larger than the horizontal scale in order
to accentuate or exaggerate the difference of elevation, which is called vertical exaggeration
Profile Leveling, like differential leveling requires establishing change point on which both
back sights & fore sights are read.
The profile leveling plotted is used:
A. determines depth of cut or fill on the proposed highways, rail ways generally
Quantity of earth woke
B. For studying grade crossing or laying grade lines.
C. Investigating & selecting the most economical grade, location & depth for
Sewer, pipe lines tunnels, irrigation ditches & other projects.
The general procedure of field work in profile leveling is

A. The center line of the proposed alignment is marked on the ground point at equal
intervals say twenty or 30 meter are marked. In addition this required points, other
representative points, if any are also token 50 as to represent the ground profile
B. The instrument is set up at some suitable position so as to command the maximum
number of points & accurately leveled the instrument. C. A Back sight is taken on the
bench mark & then booked.
D. The staff is kept on the points previously marked & all this observation entered as the
intermediate sight.
E. When changing the instrument station for further observations a fore sight is take
on the change point.
Centerline of
BM the project
First station
Fig 2 4

Table 2

Table 3
Calculation of formation level
Table 4

2.2.4 Reciprocal Leveling
In carrying levels across deep valleys and across streams, it is frequently impossible to keep
the fore sight and back sight distances equal. Reciprocal leveling may be used to obtain the
Difference in elevation between two points when it is impossible to place
2.2.5 Cross-sectional leveling
Fig2 7

Table 5

Instructions: Perform all calculations and record in the field book
Bench Distance Rod Readings (m) Collimation Heights Corrected

Marks (m) BS IS FS Height Heights (m)
1 2.147 126.474 126.474

40
2 1.613 0.491
80
3 1.079 2.312
70
4 3.452 0.286
50
5 0.314 0.179
60
6 0.271 3.598
70
7 2.745 1.052
84
8 0.682 1.423
42
1 2.953

Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Bench Distance Rod Readings (m) Collimation Heights Corrected

Marks (m) BS IS FS Height Heights (m)
1 2.147 126.474 126.474

40
2 1.613 0.491
80
3 1.079 2.312
70
4 3.452 0.286
50
5 0.314 0.179
60
6 0.271 3.598
70
7 2.745 1.052
84
8 0.682 1.423
42
1 2.953

Information Sheet-3 Establish offsets for civil works
3.1 construction survey
Roadway Criteria
To insure satisfactory results, study the engineering specifications of the road to be
built.
 Keep centerline established 450 meters ahead of clearing and grubbing.
 Keep rough grade established and slope stakes set 300 meters ahead of
stripping and rough grading.
 Set stakes to exact grade, 150meters ahead of finish grading and surfacing.

CONSTRUCTION BENCH MARKS
Construction benchmarks are the same benchmarks set on the preconstruction location survey. The
preconstruction location survey bench levels shall be checked prior to use on construction. In the
event it is necessary to install additional benchmarks to facilitate construction, the same accuracy and
care shall be used in setting new benchmarks.
HUB LINE STAKING
Hub stakes are set on both sides of a roadway, normally along the right of way line, or a specified
distance beyond the work limits. They are placed outside the work area so they are not disturbed by
construction activities. The standard size of these stakes is 2”x2”x14”. The cut or fill is marked on
the hub stake and indicates the elevation difference to the top of the dirt subgrade at the shoulder of
the roadway. A lath should be placed behind the hub showing the station and offset from the design
alignment.
When the hub is driven in flush with the ground, the cut or fill is referenced to the top of the hub. A
1x2 stake is then placed beside the hub displaying the appropriate information.
When the hub is not driven flush with the ground, the cut or fill is referenced to the original ground
directly in front of the hub. An example of a hub stake is shown below.

SLOPE STAKING
Slope stakes indicate where the excavation or embankment will intersect the existing ground. They
indicate the points where the backslope intersects the ground on a cut section and where the inslope
intersects the ground and the fill section
It is necessary to check the arithmetic of the instrumentman when slope stakes are being placed. The
instrumentman will calculate a grade rod, which is the difference between the elevation of level and
the plans elevation of the shoulder of the road. He will add to the grade rod the depth of the ditch
from the shoulder. This will yield the ditch grade rod (D.G.R.) for cut sections.
The following diagram is a typical cross section of a road. Note that there are three slopes on a
typical section, backslope, inslope, ditch bottom slope, and the crown slope, or crown rate.

The angle of the inslope and backslope is given as a ratio, such as 4:1 or 3:1. The first number is the
number of feet the slope must go horizontally to raise one foot vertically, the second number. (For
metric numbers the ratio does not change; 3 meters horizontally vs. 1 meter vertically.)
SLOPE STAKING
The crown slope is the rate that the road drops from the centerline to the shoulder. A typical crown
slope rate is 0.02 feet per foot (2%). The purpose of this crown is to provide for water drainage.
In calculating Slope stakes, the difference in elevation is multiplied by the slope rate. For example,
the difference in elevation from a point and the start of the slope is 2.5 feet. The distance on a 10:1
slope would be 25 feet.
Try Distance
Much information is taken directly from the typical section. Such as, the distance from the
centerline to the toe of the backslope, slope ratios, etc. The distance from centerline to where to
put the slope stake can be calculated. This is done by multiplying the "cut" or "fill" (the depth of
the ditch) times the slope ratio, and then adding this to the "plus" (the distance from centerline to
the toe of the backslope).
The critical information to know is the exact spot where the backslope intersects the existing
ground. This can be calculated (as explained in the above paragraph), but this may be more
theory than fact. It is standard procedure to measure out to this distance and try it hence the term
"Try Distance". A small degree of error in the original DTM could make a large difference,
especially in rough terrain.

Slope Stake
The slope stake should be driven into the ground at an angle and facing centerline. The size of
these stakes is normally 1”x2”x14”. It should be placed so that the equipment operator can read
the information without getting off the equipment. An example of a cut section slope stake is
shown below.

Slope Stake
An example of a fill section slope stake is shown below.

UNDERCUT STAKING
Undercutting shall consist of excavation of material immediately below an upper limit as established
on the plans and to a lower limit as directed by the engineer. The width and length will be as
specified on the plans unless otherwise specified by the engineer.
During construction, undercut measurement may be necessary if the contractor is directed to complete
excavation below plans specified undercut. It may be necessary during drainage excavation to require
additional undercut below structures, box culverts and pipes.
BLUE TOP STAKING
After the contractor has completed his rough grading he needs some stakes to finish the top of the
roadway to the plans width and elevation. These stakes are called blue tops. They are 1”x1” stakes
that are driven into the roadway so their tops are at the elevations called for on the plans. The
contractor then shaves away or fills in dirt until the surface of the roadway is in line with the tops of
these stakes.
Bluetopping may be completed by either of two methods: 1) level and rod, 2) total station and data
collector.
Two operations are needed to install bluetops by the level and rod method. The first operation
involves running in roadway alignment and setting out the stakes. The second is the grading of the
stakes.
Running in the roadway alignment is accomplished by setting roadway control points for the
bluetopping area, then installing bluetop stakes on centerline and at given offsets. Generally, bluetops
are set for every station and midpoint between stations. Most commonly 1”x1”stakes are used for
bluetop stakes.

E) BLUE TOP STAKING
The edge of the driving lane is usually called the quarter point because it is about half way between
the shoulder and centerline. These extra stakes make it easier for the equipment operators to finish
the top of the roadway to the correct elevations. Without them there is a tendency to finish the
roadway a little high or low at the quarter points.
Setting the stakes at right angles to the centerline is a very important part of the entire operation,
especially if the roadway is on a steep grade. If the stakes are not set at right angles to the centerline,
the roadway (at that location) will be built either higher or lower than it should be. This error causes
a change in the cross-slope of the roadway, and can cause a wavy effect in the gradeline.
F) PAVING HUB STAKING
Paving hubs are stakes that are used to reference line and grade for concrete pavements and curb and
gutter. The paving hubs are also used to establish trimming elevations, prior to paving, and the
location of dowel baskets in PCC Pavement. They are installed at regular intervals along the
roadway, usually at transverse joint locations, and just outside the area to be paved.
Reference Stakes
The reference hub for staking should be offset from the end of the pipe, not the end of the flare or
safety end. There will be two stakes at each end of the pipe:
1. The hub, which is the reference point, shall be driven flush with the ground and far enough
from the pipe site to insure protection during construction.
2. The guard stake, which will be placed along side the hub, will contain the following
information:
i. offset distance
ii. stationing
iii. pipe size
iv. length of pipe
v. type of pipe
vi. number of flared or safety ends
vii. whether a cut or fill is required to the end of the pipe
From the example, this information can be determined from the guard stake:
1. It is 20 feet to the end of the pipe

2. The pipe is at Station 41+50
3. It is an 18 inch by 40 foot CMP type pipe with 2 flared ends
4. The hub is 1.5 feet higher than the flowline at the end of the pipe.
Some common staking practices are listed below:
1. Check all dimensions on the plans before staking.
2. Check alignment and stationing of the structure centerline. The structure must fit the
proposed construction site. For example, on crossovers the stationing must check with
the crossroad or railroad centerline. Have any changes occurred at the site, which may
influence the location of the structure or method of construction, such as washouts,
flooding, or channel changes.
3. Set an adequate number of reference points.
4. Check accuracy of staking by measurements and cross measurements.

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in the next page:
1. What is staking mean?

2. List requirement of staking
3. Purpose of staking
4. What are Some common staking practices?

Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
_________________________________________________________________
1. __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________
Information Sheet-4 Clean up

.
Care of equipment
 ensure that tripod screws and hinges are kept tight.
 always transport the level in a padded box.
 when removing from the box lift it by the centre and not by the eyepiece or objective end of the telescope.
 screw it firmly onto the tripod, whilst holding it in one hand (make certain that it is not cross-threaded
and that threads are compatible).
 when carrying the level tripod assembly in the field, support it over the shoulder or, in bush, crooked
over an arm with the telescope unclamped (i.e. free to rotate).
 automatic levels should not be carried in a vertical or near-vertical position,
as the compensator will swing about and be prone to damage.
 staves are too much of a precision item of equipment to be used in place of a slasher, vaulting pole, etc.
 staves shall be transported in their protective cases to protect the face from damage.
 wooden staves which become wet should be dismantled and dried out before storing away.
 any moisture which is evident in an instrument must be allowed to disperse by storing the level out ofits case
in a warm room. Should it persist after several days the instrument may require specialist servicing.

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in the next page:
1. What safety measure should be taken for handling and storage of level instruments
Answer Sheet Score = ___________

Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
1. _______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
________

Operation Sheet 1 Leveling
Objective: To learn the concepts of leveling using an automatic level and a rod level.
Overview: leveling is the most common method for measuring elevations of monuments or objects.
Preparation: Read LG#6
Equipment:
A. Automatic Level
B. staff
C. Aluminum Tripod
D. Ranging poles
E. Tape
F. Pin
G. changing plate
H. staff Level
I. Simple calculator
Procedure of field work in profile leveling is

1. The center line of the proposed alignment is marked on the ground point at equal intervals say 20 or 30
meter are marked. In addition this required points, other representative points, if any are also token 50 as
to represent the ground profile
2. The instrument is set up at some suitable position so as to command the maximum number of
points & accurately leveled the instrument.
3. A Back sight is taken on the bench mark & then record in field book as Back sight.
4. The staff is kept on the points previously marked & all this observation entered as the intermediate
sight.
5. When changing the instrument station for further observations a fore sight is take on the change
point.
6. Perform a closure analysis & Adjust the error through the points
7. Pick up your equipment, clean and return it to the equipment room. Make sure your notes are
complete.
8. Perform all calculations and record in field book

LAP Test leveling
Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

Time started: ________________________ Time finished: ________________
Instructions:
1. Using the Level instrument, you are required to do the following exercises:
Exercise 1 :
 Differential leveling
 Profile leveling
 Cross - section leveling
The following materials

J. Automatic Level
K. staff
L. Aluminum Tripod
M. Ranging poles
N. Tape
O. Pin
P. changing plate
Q. staff Level
R. Simple calculator
3. You are given 5 hours to accomplish the above activity.

4. Request your teacher for evaluation and feedback.

References
 Surveying and leveling

 Engineering Surveying 5th edition
 Construction Surveying
 Handbook of Road Technology


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ANRS TVED Bureau

Education and Training Core Process

BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE OPERATIONS

Unit of Competence: Carry-out Basic Leveling

LO2 Establish offsets for civil works

LO3. Set up and use leveling device

Learning Guide for Date: August ‎ ‎ 2016

2. Follow the instructions described in number 3 to 20.

Learning Guide for Date: August ‎ ‎ 2016

Learning Guide for Date: August ‎ ‎ 2016

Learning Guide for Date: August ‎ ‎ 2016

planes ore calculated.

perpendicular to the vertical line.

E- Horizontal line: - is a line in a horizontal plane or surface perpendicular to t~ vertical line.

F- Vertical line: - is a line that fol1ows the direction of gravity.

G- Elevation: - is the vertical distance from a datum to a point.

& after Elevation are determined from it

Note- leveling: - the process of determining of the elevation of points.

Level: ~ is the instrument used to take readings for elevation

1.2 Types of leveling instrument

form a horizontal reference surface.

Learning Guide for Date: August ‎ ‎ 2016

Learning Guide for Date: August ‎ ‎ 2016

3. Foot screws- are used to see the telescope in a horizontal plane.

Fig 1.1 Fig 1.2

Learning Guide for Date: August ‎ ‎ 2016

1.2.3 Tilting Level

1.2.4 Automatic level

These type of instrument is leveled automatically by means of a compositor which ensures

1.2.5 Use and types of staff

Leveling staffs are classified into two groups

2 self reading staff

Examples see the figure E. type of staff

Learning Guide for Date: August ‎ ‎ 2016

Learning Guide for Date: August ‎ ‎ 2016

Answer the questions.

Learning Guide for Date: August ‎ ‎ 2016

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Learning Guide for Date: August ‎ ‎ 2016

2.1 Setting up level

Learning Guide for Date: August ‎ ‎ 2016

2.2 Types of leveling

2.2.1 Direct or Simple Leveling

Learning Guide for Date: August ‎ ‎ 2016

 H..I = E.L.V of B.M. ( A ) + B.S.

Learning Guide for Date: August ‎ ‎ 2016

Learning Guide for Date: August ‎ ‎ 2016

Project __________ Place ______________Date____________

BS-Back sight HI-Height of instrument

Learning Guide for Date: August ‎ ‎ 2016

2 1.650 0.995 0.537 1957.951

10 0.606 0.606 0.606

Level field book

The RL of F is given by the RL of A + all back sights - all fore sights

∑ BS - ∑FS = 4.108 - 3502 = 0.606(lines8,9& 10)

∑Rises - ∑Falls = 1.970 -1.364 = 0.606 (lines 8,9 & 10)

∑BS - ∑FS = ∑ Rises- ∑Falls

2.2.3 PROFILE LEVELING

of the existing ground is necessary.

or pipe line, the plotted profile is a graphical representation of the intersection of a

to accentuate or exaggerate the difference of elevation, which is called vertical exaggeration

back sights & fore sights are read.

Name: ___________ Date: _

Project Place Date____

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: _____________ Date: