H. H. Ilurye WAIAINKAT IWEPCTOTKAUKOH MACTEPCKOM ATIOJJIOHHA B MEM®UMCE KIACHCHME M YTOWHEHME COUMAILABX TepMUHOB, IIpHMeHABLIMXCA B oMpesc- LeHHY10 HCTOpM4eckKy10 9MOXy, HMceT GorbM0e 3HAYeHMe WA MpaBuaAbHoro, KOHKpeTHOrO NosHanna Mpourtoro, Bonpoc 0 pasHoobpasum rpeyeckux Tep- MHHOB, KOTOpHIMM OGO3HaTaTH paGon, HCCOMHCHHO, BaKeH M AKTYaeH [1A wcTOpH4eckoit HayKM O WpeBHoctu. Paspa6orKa ero MO3BOAMT paspemmMTh Ba; uae oOuye mpo6memEl pacmpocrpaHenma u pa3nntuA padonuaycHua, ero MeCTHBI€ H BPeMeHHEIe OcobeHHOCTH B pasHEIX CTpaHax M B PasHbIe NCpHOsEL aHTHUHOCTH, OHa TO3BONNT YTOUHMTE @akTHYecKoe MonoKeHMe paaiIM4YHHIX rpyin GeqHAKOB, KoTOpHe, HapAny C O6O3HAYCHHEIMM COOTBETCTRYIOMIUMM Tep- MHHaMH pa6aMn, BBITOTHAUH, OCTaBaACh ;OpuAMYeCKM CBOGOLHEIMH, Ty padory, B KoTOpoit OnM 3aHATH mM paGsI, Tem Goze, 470 B 9TTMHUCTHYeCKOM Eruute TepMIHLI, OTHOCMUIMeCH K HACMHBIM paGoTAUKaM mK pada, He GsuTH BromHe crporo pasrpanmyuenn. Mcropuku-MapKcncrsi, BOOpysKeHHHe 3HAHMeM TIOjZMH- HBIX 3AKOHOB pa3BUTHA OOmecTBa, MOryT M WONAKHBI paspelMTb B paAye Apy- THX MH 9TH BOMpOCH comMaMDHOi TepMMHOAorMM B ApeBHeM oGmecTBe Ha pasHBIX aTaMax ero pasBUTHA HB pasHBIX CrpaHax ApeBHero Mupa. Boabmoit mutepec ¢ TOUKM apeHHA pasBuTHA paboBrayesByecKoro XosAil- cTBa WpesctaBAser sHOXa 9JWIMHM3Ma HM, B YACTHOCTH, suMHUCTHUCCRHit Ern- net. Coperckad ncropMorpapua onpeseracT s0xy aAIMHH3Ma, Kak Tporpec- cubHDiit eta B pasBuTuM paGoBpaagenbyecKoro oGmectBa. B sry anoxy TpoODKAIO PasBMBaTbcH paeTBo, Kak XoamiicrBeHHan cucrema, B dopme axTHaHoro pa6crna 1 mpu aHayNTe:IbHOM paciuMpeHMM TeppHTopun, Ha KOTOpoit OHO mpHMenasocy. I[pu stom B CTpaHax dJIMHUCTMYeCKOrO Bocroka OHO BBI- cTylaaqo B MHOrooOpasHHIx coyeTanMAx c Goce panama dopmamn paGon.ra- [embyecknx oTHoMennit. Kax uanecto, a-mancrasecnnit Eruner Gxt crpanoit, B Kotopoit Ko-m- ueCcTBeHHO padoBsiaeHue O10 pacnpocrpaHeHo MeHee, YeM B pyrux oOmacTtax 9uMHAcTHYecKoro CperusemHomopaa. Ha aro ocoGenHoe BHuManne oGpamaior OypKyasHbIe yueHbIe, KOTOPEe CTPeMATCA IIpeyMCHbUINTE cTeleHb pa3sBHTnA paGopmayenua B summHNcTHYecKOM Erunte u noqyepKHYyTb JoMaMHMit xapak- rep erunerckoro pacrsa. Kpaiiaiow TouKy speHma B sToM Bompoce 3aHHMaeT Buapkex?, Koropstit camacr, yo B osamAuctauecKom Erunre pa6w 6x1 1 Vis nocaeguux pador em, A.B. Pa won 4, SamHWaM u ero HeTOpHuecKan poms, M. — JL, 1950, erp. 16, 24, 29 ap.; C. 1. Kowaaes. Ipeaucmonne k pycckomy ne- penoay Kara B. Tapia «asmincTuseckaa runnansaria, M., 1949, erp. 13 1 itp. 2U. Wileken, Ostraka aus Aegypten und Nubien, I,’ 1899, erp. 681—704; U. Wilcken, L. Mitteis, Grundziige und Chrestomathie der Papyruskunde, T, 1, 1912, erp. 27, 260.MAIAIZKAI MACTEPCKOM ANOJJIOHUA 85. TONbKO B JOMallHeM yenyxennu. B 20-x rogax XX B. nog Heomponep-UMEIM MaBieHnem paktTos GypayaaHbe yuenbie OBI BEIHYAeHH YacTH4HO Tepe- CMOTpeTS BONPOC, MpHsHAaB yHeuLHBI Bec padcKoro Tpyya B dNMAUCTHAeCKOM Erunte 6o71ee 3HaaqTeIBHEIM, weM cuTanocb paHbie. Pocrosues B pane cpoux pa6or!, rmapHpm o6pazom Ha OcHOBaHWM ManmMpycos H3 apxmpa Scnona, BEICKaZa MpemNotoKeHMe, YTO B ywpX TpeKM YcTpamBasIH MacTepcKMe m0 rpeyeckomy oOpasny, B KOTOpEx padoramm pa, OmHaKo, mexoya m3 Momep- HMBaTOPCKAX WpeAMOCHIOK O pasBUTUM B 9sMHUCTHYeCKOM Ernmte KalmTa- mucTHyeckHx oTHOUeHMit, PoctosneR He paaBMa jatee cBoero MHeHMA 0 IpH- MeHeHnA pa6cKoro Tpyta B npomspoycTBe. Y Becrepmana? coo6paxenua PocTonyeBa MO_BeprHyTH COMHEHMIO Kak HeROCTATOUHO, MO MHeHMIO aBTopa, o6ocHoRaHHKe HcTOUHNKamu. BecrepMaH Boo6me cTpeMMTcA orpaHHyntb KOM uectBo pasos B Erumre, MorHBApya 9TO TeM, 4TO TepMMHBI, KOTOpHIMH 0603- Havasn pa6oB, MMe Mm pyroe OsrToRoe 3HaqeHHe. CleqORaTesbHO, B KAa7KiOM OTICABHOM OKYMeHTe JIA Toro, 4TOGH ONpexeINTb, UAeT TM secb pew O pa6e Mmm HeT, HayoO uccHeqOBaTR 3HateHHe TepMuHa, OgHaKoO oTOT BaaHBIit apryMext Becrepmana oGpamjaetca mpormB Hero, ecm MccneqOBaHne BecTit He € MOJe€PpHHBZATOPCKUX MO3snnMi, Ha KOTOPHIX CTONT aMepHKaHCKHii aBTop, a ¢ HayYHHX MosunMif MapKCHCTCKO-eHHHCKOrO y4ueHHA 06 OOmeCTBeEHHO-aKO- HoMMYecKHX GopManuax. Ip moMomm aHaiM3a KOHKpeTHoro noNoKeHHA OTJeNEHHX SKCIMYATHPYeMEIX TPY/KCHHKOB, HA3BaHHEIX TO Mpodeccuu wi TIO MMeHH B COXPpaHMBIIMXCA OKYMeHTAX, MO?KHO BHIABUT GombUI0e KoTH- secrso pa6os. Tommmo atoro, B OTfeuBHKIX ManMpycax mpamo coo6maerca o nOKyOKe mM Toi um MNO Npodeccnm; Tak, HampuMep, uz RoKyMeHta PSI, 329, BunHo, ¥T0 cnORO payetouc OTHOCHTCA K paGy. Dror manmpyc (apxus SeHoua) paccKaszipaer o TOM, YTO Geman KyMNeHHEI MOBap (6 pdéyeEtp0¢), KoToporo cietyet nolimats. B ~pyrom nammpyce (PSI, 861), Koropmit mpen- cTaBaAeT COGOit BENOMOCTh eweTHeBHO BHaBaeMOro Ha MponuTanne sepna, UMeOTCA CHenyIoMMe [Be BEAU: toi¢ naLciv HM tH xuvi, T. e. padam (GyKB. orpoxam) m co6axe. HepegKo pa6ut oGo3Hayanmch no cBoelt sTHMGeCKOH mpH- HaeKHOCTH; IA oTMAUCTHYeCKOrO Erunta TakMM XapakTepHEIM HasBaHueM 6x10 «cupueny (PMZ, 49; PCZ, 59292 m up.). Kax nazectuo, arentst Anon- JoHHA ToKynanm B Cupan Gonbmoe KorM4ecTBO paGoB qua Ucnomb30BRaHnA B JoMoxossiicTBe, CeBCKOM xoamiicrBe, pemecme HT. W. B ero Swpe%. O06 TOM roBopuT pA Mannpycos ug apxusa Senona. A. B. Panonna (yk. cou., cmp. 204), Kpnrmya crpemacnne GypacyasHBIX yYeHBIX NpeyMeHBUINTS poms pa6ctBa B ouumHucTHIecKoM Eramre, cipaBeymBo OTMeyaeT, FTO “pH OTCYT- CTBAH Kakoit Gpr TO HM GEINO CTaTHCTMKM 9TOT BONPOC HeTb3A pellaTh IPH TOMOM[H ciyyaiiHo O6HapyKeHHBIX JaHHHIX B Manmpycax. Kpome toro, rep- MHHOOrMA B QOKYMeHTaxX He Beerga scHa... Ho BaskHee, yemM cTaTH- cTmKa, OCHOBAaNHaA Ha CoBepmeHHo ciyuaitHHIX aHHBIX, MaTepmactH, CBN- WeTeIBCTByOUule O HaIHYHH OFeHb Sonbuoro uncia pa6oB B OHOM XO- aaiierBen, BecbMa pacipoctpaHeHHEIM B alMAMCTHYecKoM Eranre tTepMHHoM Ja oGosHaveHna paGa 6x70 coBo nate (peGeHOK) mM MpomsBOAHBIe oT Hero: radicxy, nadéprov. Tak oOs14HO HaabiBaloTca paOI B NepeliucKe SeHoua. OTH TePMHHE, HCCOMHEHHO, YKa3bBaloT Ha IyTH pasBATHA aHTH4HOrO paboBzare- HUA B ousMANCTBYecKOM Erunre, B jaHHoM cnyyae—s duped. Tpanya, orm TepMHHB ynoTpeOrANMch MH B Knaccuyeckol Tpenmm m 6pinu, m0 Bceit BepoaAT- 1M. Rostovtzeft, Large Estate, in Egypt in the third century B. C., 1922, erp. 116, 135, 180; on ae, Ptolemaic Egypt, CAH, VII, 1928, erp. 135 m7. 2. 2 Ww. L! Westermann, Upon slavery in Ptolemaic Egypt, 1929, crp. 56; on xe, Sklaverei, RE, nom. r Vi, 1935, cr6. 932 cn.86 H. H. MMRKYC HOCTH, MepeHeceHbI OTryza B oATMHMCTHMecKnit Eruner, HO camoe ynorpeb- weune 1X B Eramre BecbMa CUMUTOMATHYHO, HOCKOIbKY OHO HaXOqMIIO ONOpy B ocoGeHHocTAX BocTodHoro pabcTBa. OsuaM 3 ApesHeitmmx ouarop fomauiHero paGcrBa Osima, Kak m3BecTHO, maTpaapxabHad CeMbA, B KoTOpoit paGel saHuMaIH MpuHMKeHHOe MecTo ca- MBIX MUIANIIMX, SKCIMyAaTUpyeMBIX J[OMOTaTHeB — MOKUSHEHHO HecoBepmeHHo- aerHax. BnocaegcrBun stor TepMaH Hayam o6o3HayaTh padoB — JomMamHio1 mpuciyry m Boo6me pa6os B yomoxoaslicrBe. B dps orpomHoe joMoxossii- cTBO akTM4ecKH Mepepocio B Opranusaqulo, B KOTOpol MMeuACh oTeMeHTET Oonee mosque Banat. Wpoxyxuna TaKoro xoasiicrpa mocrymana He TOmBKO iI BHYTpeHHero norpe6ueHuA, HO H Ha Mpofaxky, UpayeM oTAeABHBIe oT- pacum xosaiictba padoranm mpeumMymecTBeHHo Ha npofaxy. Tem caMuM B youopuAx dwped omammHee pa6crBo mpespamaetca B paGcrso anTmunoe. Pas- yMeerca, 9TO CXOJCTBO CileLyeT orpaHuIMTS OOMMM HanpaBienuem pasBuTaa, TaK Kak doped MMe CBOM CHemmpmyecKMe MecTHEIe ocobeHHOcTH, Upucymne auIMHASsMy MW avaHucTuyecKoMy Eramry, B yacTHocTm oGycioBeHHEe Npexre BCETO COMMATBHBIM COCTABOM OKCIIIyaTUpyeMBIX H pousI0 MapcKoro xossiicrsa, ocoSeHHO B opMe MoHonoMii. Awpzxi mronemeenckoro Eranta, Kak Tam KpyMHoro xosAlicrBa, JOUKHEI Ob uMeTBh Hu MecTHHIe KopHn. Tlostromy pa6nl, akenyaTapopaRmmeca B dupeai, Ont, BOsMO/KHO, reHeTM¥ecKH cBA- 3aHbl C WOMAaIHUMa paOaMM BO BilayeHMAX ermmetcKoi sHaTH. OgnaKo B yenosmax dope vacth joMaumMMx pa6os daxruueckm mpenpamanach B AHTHIHHIX pa6OB, 3aHATHX MPOMsBOACTBOM TOBapoB B paGcKMx MacTepcKAX aaTIHoro THIa, OG sTOM, HeCOMHeHHO, CBHyeTeABCTByeT PAX ManMpycos us apxmpa 3eHoua. Hamupamep, om paccKa3biBaloT 0 TOM, 4TO y AMOlKeTa Anon- moHaa B Mempuce, B paitone ero Memducckoit Supez, Ozma Gom_maa macrep- cKad, B KOTOpo yeBymKM — rodicxat—TKaNM epcraHbie MaTepun 1 MBroTOBIANM WeperaHEe ofexpst (PSI, 485, 854). B mepBom us ynomanyTsx Talupycos ynpaBimommit Mempucckolt Spex Apyelt Hasbipaer oTHx xatdisxar m0 MpoeccwonaibHOMy UpusHaxy WByMA TepMunasur: xasoyryzpiar (cocraBHoe CAOBO, cocToAMmee m3 xa006¢—TNam Mm yn7tpLa — MOpTHMxa) — Macrepunn maamei a yitévohkn—mactepunbt meperaunx xuTonos. TockonbKy coo aoud)a osHataer MepcTs H MpemMymecrBeHHo Mepcrs B Mporecce MpomsBor- CTBa, TO C MONHBIM OCHOBaHMeM MorKHO NpeATOMOMKUTS, ¥TO TaLdioxat BEITIONHA- a B MacTepcKoit Bech MpousBoNcTBeHHsIt mponecc—or momyuaemoit Wepcru-ckIpbA JO ToroRoro WeperaHoro xMToHa. Dro MoATBepAMaeTCA, KAK 6yneT n0KasaHo HMKe, H ApyruMH nammpycamm us apxuBa SexoHa, Koropsie uMeIOT OTHOMeHHe K MacTepcKolt. Mlepcranyi0 onexay 00 Tpaqunan HocKAN rpeku, BO MHOKecTBe npomuBanmme B Mempuce. OvesnqHo, memdmcckan mlepcrorKalKa H OHOBpeMeHHO MOMMBOUHAA MacTepcKaA oOciy7mBaa mpoxupasmmx B Mempuce rpexos, T. e. MpoxyKuMA ee MINa Ha PHHOK; Wan aTOrO MacrepeKad m 6bITa pacrionomeHa B Meméuce. Kak anectHo, napcKMit KOHTpOAb B OTOL OTpactu NpPoMsBoscTBa Hw TOproBIa B aumHucTH4ecKoM Erante 651 MeHBIIMM, YeM B UPyrMx, a B UpaBHAerMpo- BaHHoit Sope% on Oot mpocro Hesameren. Ouesugno, xacsyryrpiat mM ytévahho paGoranM Ha BepTMKaIbHEIX TKANKUX craHkaxX rpevecKoro THIa, Ha KOTOPHX MOMHO OnINO BBITKATL TONbKO HeOONbIIAX PasMepOB KyCcOK WepcTAHOHt TKAHM, 13 KOTOPOIt NOTOM Hemocpez- CTBeHHO Jetamm usamn mo xutTonn. Haxoxmmple apxeoorama upacmmya i BepeTeHa yRa3HBawT Ha pacupoctpanenue B oaiIMHUCTHIecKoM Eruante cTaporo rpeyecKoro BepTHKAIbHOLO TKALKOTO CTaHKa, B TOM IHcTe HW B paitone Memduca. Tlo mopoxy conmambHoro MovoKeHHA MempuccKux TKAIMX GypayasHEe yaeHbe He NpHMIM K efuHOMy MHeHHIO: PocroByeB CKNOHeH B HX BUeTS padsins, BecrepMan cumtaer ux BONBHOHaeMHbIME padorHuamn, IIpeo 3aHuMa-TIAIAIZKAI MACTEPCKOM ATOJJIOHUA 87 eT CpeqHIoI MosunM0, He elad# ompesemenHoro BEIBOMa, Jarap, usyjaTenb SHAYNTeMbHOM YavTH 3CHOHOBEIX NanUpycoB, WaKOHM4YHO Ha3blBaet UX PaOBIHA- um}, OgHako o6ujaa BCeM HasBaHHBIM UCCe_OBaTeIAM MOjepHM3aTOpcKan TOUKA BPCHMA, MOCKOABKY WaKe Te H3 HHMX, KOTOPble MpHsnatwr ratdisxar paGninAMH, paccMaTpmBaioT nTouemeescKmit Eriner Kak cTpany, BCTYMMBIITyIO Ha IYTb KaNWTarucTH4ecKoro pasBUTHA, MelaeT HM M10 cyMecTBY MccueHOBaTb YIOMHHaeMBIe B Namupycax daxKrsr. AnaJIM3 TanMpycop, OTHOCAUIAXCA K MpoMsBO_CTBY mepeTm H MeperAHEIX ose, B MeMuccKoit MacTepcKOli, JaeT MOHYIO BO3MOAHOCTh YCTAHOBUTh, ‘UTO OTH noLdioxa: OnimM paOBIHAMM M pM 9TOM paOLIHAMM B MpoMsBo_cTBe anTHuHoro Tana. O TOM, 4TO OHM paOoTanH O¥eHD MHOrO, Gea OTABIXa, 10 UpHHUMNy pasBaroro paGoniayenbueckoro oOmMecTBa: «...BbOKaTh 13 4eTOBe- YeCKOTO CKOTa BOsMO*KHO GOMBIIyIO Maccy Tpya B BO3MO*KHO MeHbUIMit mpo- MCAKYTOK BpeMeHH) ®, BUHO U3 FPYTMX NaNMpycoB, OTHOCAMMMXCA K MX pa- Gore. PCZ, 59142, cogepaur nmcbmo Anomnonua K SeHoHY, B Koropom Amor Honnmit oo6paer Benoa 3a TO, yTO TOT cHaGyKaeT Mem@uccKy!O MacTepcKyi, B KOTOpol paGoraior narSioxar, MHUETCKOM MepCThO, H MpuKasbiBaeT, 4TOOLI STHM Tatdioxat BLIaBaIM TakOe KONMYeCTBO WepcTH, B KaKOM OHH Oy YT fiMeT HEO6XoRMMOCTS (Kai viv 88 cuvcatoY éawv dv ypsiav Exwar SBovar «ar Te ucpb Ke JaTb UM Takoe KONMYeCTBO WepcTu, B KakOM OHM MMeIOT HYA- ay»), T. €. Wepers JomKHa mMocrynaTs GecnepeSoiino. Oro pacnopssKenue CBHCTEMCTBYCT O TOBAPHOM XapakTepe MacTepcKoit. O6 TOM Ke cBETeTeIb- erpyet o PCZ, 59195, gaTuposaHnstit rogom mosKe mpenbIAyIMero Tamupyca. Anonnonmit numer SeHony H 6rIBIMIemMy ynpab-stomemy Ilanaxectopy orHocn- TeIbHO CTajla MHWeTCKNX OBEN, KOTOPHIe AOCTABAAIM CHIPbe WIA MacTepcKoit B Meméuce. Oxasnpaerca, 470 cTayo MumeTCKUX oBel OHIO B HeNOcpey- CTBCHHOM BefeHMA caMoro yUpaBAIOMero Supe, SeHona. ITO OGcToATeIECTBO yKagblbaeT Ha sHaveHHe, KOTOpoe MpuaBas coxepKanmo H pasBe,eHMO MH- HeTcKMX oer quoitKer Anonnonnit. On, ovennzHO, cTpemmcA pacuumpuTD 1 YAYUIETS cBoe OBNEBORYeCKOe XosslicTBO, TaK KAK B MHCbMe OH cooOulaeT cenylomee. OH HagHawHT 3aneLbIBAaTS OBYAMH CHenMammctTa-opmeBoza Mapona, KOTOPOMY H BeuIMT MepesaTD BCeX OBI M OTHOCAMMMMICA K comepataHMo crana auseutaps. Kpome toro, 3enou m [anaxecrop omxHEI BBecta Mapona B kype Hela H WO3HaKOMMTS ¢ MacTyxamu. EMy mepeyapadM elle yeTbIpex MOJONbIX pa6os — rat8gpta, — KOTOPEIX OH TOMMKeH O14 O6yaNTR MacTymecKomy jezy. BosmoakHo, 470 9TO yKagbIBaeT Ha MpeomaraeMoe yBemmyeHHe cTaqa, Tak Kak Mempacckad MactepcKaa TpeGonaiia GecnepeGoitHoro cHaGmKeHMA WepcTbH. Om novidgprs — cenpcKoxossiicrBenHse paGsl — paOoraum 3yech TakaKe B KO- He4HOM C¥eTe TaBHEIM O6pa30M Ha PHIHOK, a He JIA oMOXxosAiicrBa. O Tom, 4TO MepcTh AIA NepBAIHOit OSpaSorKM MocTyNasta B 3HATHTeLHOM KONM4eCTBE, BuyHO us PCZ, 59295, Koropsiit coo6maer, 470 stot MepBH4Hoit obpaborKolt toubKo B Myxece, Oxcupmuxe a Te6rionuce 6r10 saHato 784 meHUMHBI. PaaMepsi, KaK BULHO, WIA ApeBnero MponawoycrBa Hemassie. IockoubKy Bee STH *KEHIMHBI paGoratM Ha OLHOTO XO3AMHA, OYeBUAHO, WO sHAYTeIDHAA ona o6pa6arsrBaemoit uMM wWepcTH NocTynamwa B Mem@uccKy!O MacTepcKyH. Mem@nucckaa paGckaa MactepcKan B dopey AncAOHMA BIMOCTpupyeT Mos0- venue K. Mapkca 0 Tom, to «B aHTHaHOM Mupe BAMANMe TOproBia HM pas- BHTHe KylewecKorO KaNMTala NOCTOAHHO MMeeT CBOUM pesyibTaTOM paGo- 1M, Rostovtzeff, yx. cow; om xe, The Social and Economic History of the Hellenistic World, I, 1941, erp. 321-322; W. L. Westermann, RE, mon. 7.VI, 932cn.; C. Edgar, Zenon Papyri, II, Caire, 1926, erp. 3 (Kommentapma m BeTymn TerbHBIe CTaTbu K manmpycam); C. Préaux, L’économie royale des Lagides, 1939, erp. 107. 2KL Ma pre u@, Iurease, Cou, 7, XVI, exp. 292-293.88 H. H. MMKYC BaavedbyecKoe XOsAHCTBO; MHOrNa... OHO MPUBONNT TOABKO K MpeBpanyenio TaTpHapxaibHol cucremp pa6crBa, HampaBxeHHOlt Ha Mmpou3sBoyxcTBo Hernc- CPeUCTBeHHBIX IKM3ZHCHHLIX CpeycTB, B padopaazembuecKy cucTemy, Hampap- NeHHY! Ha NporsBoycTBO MpHbanoyHoit crouMoctH» !. B cBete atToro obobme- una Mapkea craHoBntca aAcHBIM 3HayeHue pabcTna B xosAiictne Anomionua, MB 9aiIMHMCTHYecKOM Erumre Boobuye, He C KOJIMYeCTBEHHOI, a C caMoit cyllecTBeHHOi, KayecTBeHHOt cropontt. HeporbHo HampaliMBaeTca cpaBHenuc TOIOKCHMA STUX TaLdioxa: C MOMOMeHMEM gvopunoda B apracTepHAX KsaccH4e- ckoit Tpemmm V—IV sp. go x. 9. B apxuse SeHona ecTb Ba Manupyca, KOTOPHIe MOryT CBHeTeNbCTBO- BaTb HO TOM, ¥TO naLdisxa: MemduccKCit MacrepcKoit Opa KyTKIeNMBIME 3a rpanuueit padsiamu. Wma onnoit us Hux coxpanHsocn. Ono ABHO pa6cKoe: Coparnga (Kaciimo, meyaTr). O pa6smme Chparnge moxecrsyioT ypa manu- pyea PCZ, 59003 mw 59145. Ora nanupycst nator moGonbITHDIt JoTOAHMTe-1b- Hott Mareptan K cKasanHomy bine. Ieppstit namupyc avaaetca apoiinoii 3aNHCbiO aKTa O NOKyMKe SeHOHOM B geMe aMMOHMTAH, y BocTOUHO! rpa- nm Tasectaus, fenouxu-padunu, no umena Coparuza, 3a 50 apaxm. TloxyMent o6o3Hayen Gyn xatdioxys. Bropoit mannpyc, aTupoBaHHblit tpemaA ToLaMH mosKe, colepsKNT 3aABarcHic 3eHoHy oT uMenu Cparnyst. B atom manmpyce pacckasbipaeTca, Kak Ciparmyza Tenepb ma mo jopore B Mey @bucckom Home. Ha Hee Hanaan rpa6uTerm mu OTHAAM WBA NaTA, WepcTD H HemHoro MeqHOit MoneTH. Cépparata mpocur Senona obpatutEcA no Tomy moBoly K Hayaibuuky moun. M3 Beero storo BuyHoO (He CuezyeT 3aGnI- BaTb, YTO paccCMaTpHBaeMBIe AOKYMCHTEI MPOMCXONAT Hs Toro we YacTHOrO Xo3AiicTBa, YTO H YOKYMeHTH, OTHOCAMMECA K MeM@ucCKOi WepcToTRayKoit Macrepcxoit), uro Cipparuna, HecoMHeHAO, Oniia omnoit u3 madisxat, paGo- TaBIIMX BMeMpnCCKOl MepCTOTKaNKO-moMmMBOUHO! MactepcKoi. BMecte ¢ Tem ammsox co Coparngoit noKaabinaeT, uTO NonoaeHHe pa6os B Ermute u, B yacTHOCTH, B xossiicTBe AMO0HUA, HC BNONHE COBMasao C TeM, B KaKOM paw Haxoquauch B KIaccHuecKo Tpenun u B Pume: dakr nogayn pabom IMCbMeHHOTO 3adBIeHHA TO ToROLy NporaKt xosaiickmx wBeneit Bpay an MOKHO Upenctasnrh ce6e B aMHCKoM apractepan mam Ha puMcKoit Bae. Tlonpo6utie manmpomormueckne cBeqeHHA UMeIOTCA y Hac TOBKO 06 OHO! unagennpuitcKot swpe¢ AnlonsoHMA, cpeqM JOKYMeHTOB KoTOpoit coxpaHu- IMCh YNOMHHAKHA 0 pAle MACTePCKMX, M B TOM 4HCie MACTepCKMX, CBA3AHHDIX ¢ o6pa6orKoli H ucHoNbs0BaHHeM wepcTH. Hekoropoe KomM4eCTBO cBeqeHHit HMeeTCA MO Apyroit bope% AnonsoHMA — MemduccKoi, K KOTOpOlt mpHHay- dewasa WH ONUCaHHAaA BBIMe WepCTOTKaNKO-NOWMBOWHAA MacTepcKan ¢ pa- OniHaMn-naiigackamu. O mpownx bopeqi OUI TONEKO KpaTKne yoMMHaHHA (xanpumep, P. Petrie, II, 39 (g), 53 (s); HI, 100 (b), e76. 11,30; P. Lille, 19; 28 1 np.). Onuako orm ynomMHanna yraanmaror, uTo dupeat Oxict0 vn IIIp. QO H. 9, B almmHUcTHYeCKOM Ermitre qoctaToaHoe KomMCCTBO. Dro ocobcHHO: TOATBepsKaeTCA TeM, YTO, KPOMC OTJeNBHEIX YIOMUHAHMM o dwpeat, 0 HUX ujeT peyb B oGujeit hopme B HogaTHOM yctase uaps [ronemes I] Dumazenb- cba — opunmanbHoM yoKyMeHTe o6uyerocytapcTReHHOTO 3HayeHMA, XPOHONOTH- yeckU COBpeMeHHOM ManupycaM m3 apxmBa 3eHona. B coxpanupmemca 0 HacToAMero BpeMeHM TeKcTe mMosaTHOrO ycTapa TpwKLE B OOmeH shopMe yHomuHaetcA 06 OOAZaHHOCTHX M MpHBANerUAX Swpeat (P. Rev., cr6. 36, crx. 11 ca.; e716. 43, crk. 11 cm.; c76. 44, crx. 3 c:1.); TaKHM O6pazom, Speai— pacmpocrpaneHHnit Buy 3eMuleBnaqenna B II B. 70 H, 9. 1K. Mapxe, Kannraz, 7, III, 1950, erp. 344,MIAIAIESKAI MACTEPCKOM AMOJWIONMA 83 Buyrpu Gopeal, Ha mpuMepe Mempucckoit wepceToTKanKo-noumMBoTHolt Mac- TepCKOi, MOACHO KOHCTATHpoRaTh pasBUTHe aHTM4HOrO pabcTBa c ero CHenM- qbuyeckumn ocoGennoctamu. OHO pasBMBan0ch Hapasy c npopommaBmelica oKCHTyatannel cBoOoqHoro 1 3aBMCMMOrO MeCTHOFO TPy{OBOrO HaceweHHA Kak DHYTpH, TaK H BHe Gopeai, a Take HapANy ¢ oKcHyaTanmel padon maa UPoMsBOAcTBa MpesMeToR noTpeGueHHA B OMOXOsAiicTBe, B XpaMax MT. TL. B oroit cBa3u HCOOXOAMMO OTMeTHTL, 4TO HCcAeqOBaHHe npob.1emEI T0.10- ‘CHUA M POI B MpoMsBoAcTBe MponsnoyNTejeit MaTepmanEHAX Gar HenDaA OrpaHHYHBaTs TOAbKO usyyeHMeM BOMpocos paGoBaajenMA; caMM 9TH BOMpOCEL Mory? OnITb yTOBIeTBOPHNTeEIbHO PaspelleHBI TOWSKO Mp MapaciciestbHoM u3y- YeHUM NMOTOKeHMA H POA B MpoMsBOACTBe Apyrux KaTeropuit uenocpeAcTBeH- HBX powssoyureneit. Mayyenme noromeHUA H pos B UpoMaBOAcTRe cBOGOA- HOFO WIM MOysaBMcHMOrO okcMIyaTHpyeMoro HacencHMA oN-IMHNCTHYECKOrY. Erunra -- artyaabnaa sajaya coBpeTCKMX NecaeyoBaTeCuelt.