SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-1
S.NO EXPERIMENT
PRELIMINARY TEST
1. Colour: colour of the salt is
noted
2. Appearance: Appearance of
the salt is noted.
3. Solubility: A little of the salt is
shaken well with distilled
water.
4. Action of heat: A small
amount of the salt is taken in
a dry test tube and heated
gently at first and then
strongly.
5. Flame test: A small amount
of the salt is made into paste
with concentrated
hydrochloric acid in a watch
glass and introduced into the
non-luminous part of the
bunsen flame.
6. Ash test: The filter paper is
soaked in the mixture of salt
solution and cobalt nitrate
solution and is introduced
into the bunsen flame and
ignited.
IDENTIFICATION OF ACID
RADICALS
7. Action of dilute hydrochloric
acid: A small amount of the
salt is added to 2/3 volume of
dil HCl in a test tube.
OBSERVATION
colourless
powdery
soluble
colourless,odourless gas
turning lime water milky
evolves.
Salt sublimes, colourless
pungent smelling gas giving
dense whit fumes with a
glass rod dipped in
concentrated hydrochloric
acid evolves
No characteristic coloured
flame
No characteristic coloured
ash
Colourless, odourless gas
with brisk effervescence
turning lime water milky
evolves.
INFERENCE
Absence of
copper,cobalt,Nickel,Manganese
and iron
May be carbonate or sulphide
salts
May be sulphate,Nitrate or
chloride salts
May be carbonate.
May be Ammonium
Absence of
copper,calcium,strontium,
lead,zinc and barium
Absence of Zinc, Aluminium,
Phosphate and Magnesium
Carbonate is confirmed
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-1

8. Action of concentrated No characteristic change Absence of acetate and nitrate

sulphuric acid: To a small
amount of the salt,2ml of
conc.sulphuric acid is added
and heated.

9. Manganese dioxide test: A No greenish yellow gas Absence of chloride

small amount of the salt is
heated with a pinch of MnO2
and 1ml con.H2SO4

10. Copper turnings test: A small No reddish brown gas Absence of nitrate
amount the salt is heated evolves
with copper turnings and con
sulphuric acid

11. Action of sodium hydroxide:

A small amount of the salt is
heated with sodium
hydroxide solution.
Pungent smelling gas giving Presence of ammonium salt
dense white fumes with a
glass rod dipped in con.HCl
and also turning moist red
litmus paper blue evolves

12. Chromyl chloride test:

To a small amount of the salt No red orange vapours Absence of chloride
a pinch of potassium
dichromate is added and a
few drops of con.H2SO4

13. Preparation of water extract

The salt is dissolved in water.
this is called water extract.

i) Silver nitrate test: to a few No precipitate is obtained Absence of chloride,bromide,

drops of the extract dil.nitric iodide and sulphide.
acid is added until the
effervescence ceases and 2ml
of silver nitrate solution is
added.

ii) Lead acetate test: to a few No precipitation is obtained Absence of sulphate and
drops of the extract dilute sulphide
acetic acid is added until the
effervescence ceases and 2ml
of lead acetate solution is
added.

iii) Barium chloride test: to a No white precipitate is Absence of sulphate and

SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-1

few drops of the extract obtained sulphide

dil.HCl is added until the
effervescence ceases and 2
ml of barium chloride
solution is added
iv) Brown ring test:
To a few drops of the extract No brown ring is formed Absence of nitrate
dil sulphuric acid is added
until the effervescence
ceases. the solution is treated
with freshly prepared ferrous
sulphate solution and then
with conc sulphuric acid is
added along the sides of the
test tube.

IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC
RADICALS

PREPARATION OF ORIGINAL
SOLUTION

The original solution is

prepared by dissolving a gram
of the salt in 15 ml distilled
water

1. GROUP SEPARATION
A amount of the substance is
heated with sodium
hydroxide solution
Pungent smelling gas giving Presence of ammonium
dense white fumes with a (group 0)
glass rod dipped in
concentrated HCl and also
turning red litmus to blue
evolves

CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR

BASIC RADICALS
AMMONIUM(ZERO GROUP)
To a few drops of original Reddish brown precipitate is Ammonium is confirmed
solution, a few drops obtained
Nessler's reagent and excess
sodium hydroxide solution is
added.

CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR

ACID RADICALS
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-1

To a small amount of the salt Colourless,odourless gas with Carbonate is confirmed

is added to 3 volume of dil brisk effervescence turning
hydrochloric acid taken in a lime water milky evolves
test tube

RESULT

The given acid radical is

carbonate
The given basic radical is
ammonium
The given salt is Ammonium
carbonate
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-1
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-1
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-1