SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-5

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST
1. Colour: colour of the salt is noted colourless Absence of
copper,cobalt,Nickel,
Manganese and Iron

2. Appearance: Appearance of the crystalline May be sulphate,nitrate

salt is noted. or chloride salts

3. Solubility: A little of the salt is soluble May be sulphate,Nitrate

shaken well with distilled water. or chloride salts

4. Action of heat: A small amount of The salt turns yellow when hot May be Zinc
the salt is taken in a dry test tube and white when cold
and heated gently at first and then
strongly.

5. Flame test: A small amount of the No characteristic coloured Absence of copper,

salt is made into paste with flame calcium and Barium
concentrated hydrochloric acid in
a watch glass and introduced into
the non-luminous part of the
bunsen flame.

6. Ash test: The filter paper is soaked Green coloured ash Presence of Zinc
in the mixture of salt solution and
cobalt nitrate solution and is
introduced into the bunsen flame
and ignited.

IDENTIFICATION OF ACID
RADICALS

7. Action of dilute hydrochloric acid:

A small amount of the salt is No characteristic change Absence of carbonate
added to 2/3 volume of dil HCl in a and sulphide
test tube.

8. Action of acidified potassium

permanganate:
To a small amount of the salt No decolourisation Absence of sulphide
solution a few drops of potassium
permanganate solution acidified
with dilute sulphuric acid is added
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-5

with shaking

9. Action of concentrated sulphuric

acid: To a small amount of the No characteristic change Absence of chloride,
salt,2ml of conc.sulphuric acid is acetate and nitrate
added and heated.

10. Manganese dioxide test: A small No greenish yellow gas Absence of chloride
amount of the salt is heated with a
pinch of MnO2 and 1ml con.H2SO4

11. Copper turnings test: A small No reddish brown gas evolves Absence of nitrate
amount the salt is heated with
copper turnings and con sulphuric
acid

12. Action of sodium hydroxide: A No Pungent smelling gas Absence of ammonium

small amount of the salt is heated salt
with sodium hydroxide solution.

13. Chromyl chloride test:

To a small amount of the salt a No red orange vapours Absence of chloride
pinch of potassium dichromate is
added and a few drops of
con.H2SO4

14. Preparation of water extract

The salt is dissolved in water. this
is called water extract.

i) Silver nitrate test: to a few drops No precipitate is obtained Absence of chloride,

of the extract dil.nitric acid is bromide, iodide and
added until the effervescence sulphide.
ceases and 2ml of silver nitrate
solution is added.

ii) Lead acetate test: to a few drops

of the extract dilute acetic acid is A white precipitate soluble in Presence of sulphate
added until the effervescence ammonium acetate and
ceases and 2ml of lead acetate sodium hydroxide is obtained
solution is added.

iii) Barium chloride test: to a few white precipitate insoluble in Sulphate is confirmed
drops of the extract dil.HCl is con.HCl is obtained
added until the effervescence
ceases and 2 ml of barium chloride
solution is added
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-5

iv) Brown ring test:

To a few drops of the extract dil No brown ring is formed Absence of nitrate
sulphuric acid is added until the
effervescence ceases. the solution
is treated with freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate solution and then
with conc sulphuric acid is added
along the sides of the test tube.

IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC
RADICALS

PREPARATION OF ORIGINAL
SOLUTION

The original solution is prepared

by dissolving a gram of the salt in
15 ml distilled water

GROUP SEPARATION

1. A amount of the substance is No pungent smelling gas Absence of ammonium

heated with sodium hydroxide (group 0)
solution

2. To a few drops of original solution No white precipitate Absence of lead

dil.HCl is added (group I)

3. To a few drops of the original No black precipitate is Absence of copper

solution 2ml of dil.HCl is added obtained (group II)
and then Hydrogen sulphide gas is
passed

4. To a few drops of original solution, No characteristic precipitate is Absence of Ferric and

1ml of ammonium chloride and 2 obtained aluminium (Group III)
ml of ammonium hydroxide are
added

5. To a few drops of original solution Dirty white precipitate is Presence of Zinc ( Group
1ml of ammonium chloride,2ml of obtained IV)
ammonium hydroxide are added
and hydrogen sulphide gas is
passed

CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC

RADICAL
Zinc (Group IV)
i) To a few drops of original solution White precipitate soluble in Zinc is confirmed
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-5

sodium hydroxide solution is excess of sodium hydroxide is

added in drops to excess obtained

ii) To a few drops of the original White precipitate soluble in Zinc is confirmed
solution 2ml of potassium ferro excess of sodium hydroxide but
cyanide solution is added insoluble in dilute acids is
obtained

CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR ACID

RADICALS
Barium chloride test:
To a few drops of the extract, A white precipitate insoluble in Sulphate is confirmed
dilute hydrochloric acid is added concentrated hydrochloric acid
until the effervescence ceases and is obtained
2ml of barium chloride is added

RESULT

The given acid radical is sulphate

The given basic radical is Zinc
The given salt is Zinc sulphate
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-5
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-5
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-5