AN EYE ON DIALYSIS COMPLICATIONS OF CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

Geethanjali Sharma *, Syeda Nishat Fathima

Department of Pharmacology
Jayamukhi College of Pharmacy, Narsampet, Warangal

This review aims to bring to the fore, issues regarding the interface of Dialysis
Complications and renal failure. Prevention and early detection of symptoms can enhance the
provision of effective care and may decrease both morbidity and mortality in patients on dialysis.
The most common clinically significant complication is Electrolyte abnormalities which include
Hyperkalemia (due lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and use of ACE inhibitors or
angiotensin-receptor blockers); and Hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and hypermagnesemia (due to
fluid overload). Dialysis Dysequilibrium Syndrome characterized by weakness, dizziness,
headache, and in severe cases, mental status changes have been noted as the biggest deniers of
psychiatric illness in patients with renal failure. Vascular access problems include infections,
which are typically manifest with symptoms such as redness, warmth, local pain or fluctuance
and fever. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is associated peritonitis. Hemorrhage,
Aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms may form and progressively enlarge to compromise the skin
overlying the site of venous access. Other problems that may arise in the dialysis patient include
Changes in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, acidosis, Lipid disorders, Pericarditis, Serositis,
Gout, pseudogout, Hypothyroidism, seizures, fractures, Accelerated hypertension, Infertility,
impotence, spontaneous abortion, Bleeding, gastrointestinal mucosal ulcerations and
arteriovenous malformations. Identification of the major causes of morbidity in dialysis patients
can lead to improving strategies for reduction of complication rates, improvement of quality of
life and sparing of resources.