Objectives

MAIN OBJECTIVE
To design a Point-to-Point Microwave Communication Link with a path length of at least 25
kilometers from the receiver site (choose your area) with 10 million pesos (Php 10 000
000) as the allocated budget. The performance requirements range per link should be from
a minimum of 99.999% availability (about 300seconds outage a year) to 99.9996% (about
125seconds outage a year).

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
1. Discuss the factors that should be considered in the design of the microwave link.
2. Select possible receiver, transmitter and if necessary, repeater site locations to provide a path link with
line-of-sight (LOS).
3. Visit site locations (via Online Applications) to check for land availability and for possible obstructions
and their height.
4. Compute for antenna tower height by considering the effective Earth bulge, land elevation, height of
obstructions (e.g. houses, commercial establishments, trees) and Fresnel clearance.
5. Choose antenna tower based on computed height, land area, and location wind loading.
6. Choose antenna type and diameter to be used for the transmitting and receiving antennas.
7. Choose the type of repeater, waveguide and transmission lines to be used.
8. Solve for system reliability and figure and provide a power level diagram.
9. Provide a tabulated list of the materials including description, specification, and cost.

Scope and delimitations

Scope
1. The information about the was gathered through internet.
2. The area of the study is from Brgy. Sagunto, Sison, Pangasinan to Brgy. Namcamaliran East, Urdaneta,
Pangasinan

Delimitation
1. No actual survey or visit has been made.
2. Existence of other microwave system in the area that may interfere and affect the operation of point-
to-point communication system is not taken into consideration
3. Soil testing was not made to prove the integrity of the soil.
4. National telecommunications commission(NTC) licensing and other permits are not included in the
design.
Overview of the Site
Overview of Pangasinan province:

The third biggest province in the whole Philippine Archipelago, derived its name from salt or “asin” in the
vernacular. Owing to the rich and fine salt beds which were the prime source of livelihood for the province’s
coastal towns, PanagASINan or “Pangasinan” which means “where salt is made” came to be its name.
The province is crescent-shaped and occupies 536,818 hectares of land area which constitutes almost one-half
(41.8%) of the total land area of Region 1 and 1.8% of the total area of the Philippines. Composed of 4 cities
and 44 municipalities, it is bounded on the north by the Lingayen Gulf, La Union and Benguet, on the north-
east by Nueva Vizcaya, on the east by Nueva Ecija, on the south by Tarlac, and on the west by Zambales and
the China Sea.
Owing to its diverse cultural heritage rooted in centuries of glorious history and a way of life that is a delightful
combination of tradition, innovation and creativity, the warm, polite, hospitable, hard-working and fun loving
2.65 million Pangasinenses (2007 census) enjoy the best of Provincial Philippines where you find both the
familiar and unfamiliar world, abreast with modern technological times, but with a preserved vast panorama
of outstanding natural beauty and unique attractions.
Pangasinan boasts of stretches of white, sandy beaches, verdant hills, scenic terrains, caves, waterfalls,
ancient Hispanic churches, miraculous destinations for devotees, a vast coastline for fishing, water sports or
leisurely walking along the Lingayen beach where one can get a glimpse of the world-famous Philippine
sunset.
Being a gateway of sorts, the province is house to major and minor telecommunication companies, bus and
transport services, regional and local publications, radio stations, television networks , cable services, hotel
and restaurant chains, and a diversified variety of manufacturing and merchandising establishments.

Pangasinan province
Country: Philippines
Province: Pangasinan
Region: Ilocos Region (Region I)
Zip Code: 2400-2447
Area Total: 5,451.01 km2 (2,104.65 sq mi)
Highest Elevation: Mount Malico 1675 m (5495 ft)
Population Total: 2,956,726 (2015 census)
Ethnics Group: Pangasinan (55%), Ilocano (44%), Bolinao (1%)

TOPOGRAPHY
Name: Pangasinan topographic map, elevation, relief.
Coordinates: 15.61159 119.60779 16.59165 120.91193
Minimum elevation: 0 ft
Maximum elevation: 9,512 ft
Average elevation: 899 ft

SITE A CLIMATE

Average Weather in Sison Pangasinan

In Sison, the wet season is overcast, the dry season is partly cloudy, and it is hot and oppressive year round.
Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 70°F to 92°F and is rarely below 66°F or
above 96°F.
Temperature
The temperature in Sison varies so little throughout the year that it is not entirely meaningful to discuss hot and
cold seasons.
Precipitation
A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in
Sison varies very significantly throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 5.3 months, from May 8 to October 18, with a greater than 41% chance of a given day
being a wet day. The chance of a wet day peaks at 79% on August 11.

The drier season lasts 6.7 months, from October 18 to May 8. The smallest chance of a wet day is 4% on
January 23.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two.
Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a
peak probability of 79% on August 11.
Rainfall
To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the
rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the
year. Sison experiences extreme seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.

The rainy period of the year lasts for 10 months, from February 24 to January 5, with a
sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. The most rain falls during the 31 days
centered around August 11, with an average total accumulation of 20.6 inches.

The rainless period of the year lasts for 1.7 months, from January 5 to February 24.
The least rain falls around January 20, with an average total accumulation of 0.4
inches
Wind

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction)
at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly
dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and
direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Sison experiences mild seasonal variation over the
course of the year.

The windier part of the year lasts for 3.2 months, from June 7 to September 13, with
average wind speeds of more than 5.4 miles per hour. The windiest day of the year is
August 5, with an average hourly wind speed of 6.6 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 8.8 months, from September 13 to June 7. The
calmest day of the year is April 20, with an average hourly wind speed of 4.2 miles per
hour.
Wind Direction
The wind is most often from the west for 3.0 weeks, from May 11 to June 1 and for 2.7
months, from July 10 to October 1, with a peak percentage of 50% on August 20. The
wind is most often from the south for 1.3 months, from June 1 to July 10, with a peak
percentage of 46% on June 20. The wind is most often from the east for 7.3 months,
from October 1 to May 11, with a peak percentage of 74% on January 1.
Average Weather in Urdaneta Philippines
In Urdaneta, the wet season is overcast, the dry season is partly cloudy, and it is hot and oppressive year round.
Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 71°F to 94°F and is rarely below 67°F or
above 98°F.
Temperature
The hot season lasts for 1.6 months, from March 27 to May 13, with an average daily high temperature above
93°F. The hottest day of the year is April 20, with an average high of 94°F and low of 77°F.

The cool season lasts for 2.5 months, from November 25 to February 10, with an average daily high
temperature below 88°F. The coldest day of the year is January 15, with an average low of 71°F and high of
86°F
Precipitation
A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in
Urdaneta varies very significantly throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 5.3 months, from May 8 to October 18, with a greater than 41% chance of a given day
being a wet day. The chance of a wet day peaks at 78% on August 12.

The drier season lasts 6.7 months, from October 18 to May 8. The smallest chance of a wet day is 4% on
January 23.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a mixture of the two.
Based on this categorization, the most common form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a
peak probability of 78% on August 1
Rainfall

To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the rainfall accumulated over a
sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year. Urdaneta experiences extreme seasonal variation in
monthly rainfall.

The rainy period of the year lasts for 10 months, from February 27 to January 4, with a sliding 31-day rainfall
of at least 0.5 inches. The most rain falls during the 31 days centered around August 7, with an average total
accumulation of 20.0 inches.

The rainless period of the year lasts for 1.8 months, from January 4 to February 27. The least rain falls around
January 15, with an average total accumulation of 0.4 inches.
Wind
This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the
ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors,
and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Urdaneta experiences mild seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The windier part of the year lasts for 3.0 months, from June 11 to September 9, with average wind speeds of
more than 5.3 miles per hour. The windiest day of the year is August 5, with an average hourly wind speed of
6.1 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 9.0 months, from September 9 to June 11. The calmest day of the year is April
24, with an average hourly wind speed of 4.5 miles per hour.
Weather Direction
The wind is most often from the west for 2.7 weeks, from May 14 to June 2 and for 2.8 months, from July 8 to October 1,
with a peak percentage of 52% on August 20. The wind is most often from the south for 1.2 months, from June 2 to July
8, with a peak percentage of 43% on June 21. The wind is most often from the east for 7.4 months, from October 1 to
May 14, with a peak percentage of 77% on January 1.
Site A

Sagunto, Sison, Pangasinan

Latitude: 16°11'49.7"N
Longitude: 120°31'06.4"E
Coordinates: 16.197125, 120.518437

Areal: Total: 81.88 km2 (31.61 sq mi)

Population: 47,518 people (2015 census)
Density: 580/km2 (1,500/sq mi)

Sison, officially the Municipality of Sison (Pangasinan: Baley na Sison; Ilocano: Ili ti Sison; Tagalog: Bayan ng
Sison), is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it
has a population of 47,518 people.
Sison is geographically located on the northern portion of Pangasinan, bordering the provincial boundaries of
La Union and Benguet. It has a total land area of 81.88 square kilometers. It is bounded on the north by
Rosario (La Union), Tuba (Benguet); on the south by Pozorrubio; on the southeast by San Manuel and
Binalonan; on the west by San Fabian.
Topography
The geographical coordinates of Sison are 16.174 deg latitude, 120.515 deg longitude, and 305 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Sison contains very significant variations in elevation, with a maximum
elevation change of 1,079 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 350 feet. Within 10 miles contains
very significant variations in elevation (6,165 feet). Within 50 miles also contains extreme variations in
elevation (9,564 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Sison is covered by cropland (64%) and trees (21%), within 10 miles by cropland
(45%) and trees (33%), and within 50 miles by cropland (38%) and trees (28%).
Site B

Namcamaliran East, Urdaneta, Pangasinan

Latitude: 15°58'19.0"N
Longitude: 120°33'37.4"E
Coordinates: 15.971946, 120.560396

Area: Total: 100.26 km2 (38.71 sq mi)

Population: 132,940people (2015 census)
Density: 1,300/km2 (3,400/sq mi)

Urdaneta, officially the City of Urdaneta (Pangasinan: Siyudad na Urdaneta; Ilocano: Siyudad ti Urdaneta;
Tagalog: Lungsod ng Urdaneta), is a 2nd class city in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the
2015 census, it has a population of 132,940 people. 
It has a land area of 12,100 hectares. As Gateway to Northern Philippines, the city's strategic location is on the
central part of eastern Pangasinan. Urdaneta is among the most progressive cities in Northern Luzon in annual
regular income beating all cities in Region 1. It is among the region's cleanest, greenest and most livable cities.
Urdaneta is 182 kilometres (113 mi) from Manila, 28 kilometres (17 mi) from Dagupan and is 59 kilometres
(37 mi) from the provincial capital, Lingayen.

Topography
The geographical coordinates of Urdaneta are 15.976 deg latitude, 120.571 deg longitude, and 105 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Urdaneta is essentially flat, with a maximum elevation change of 56 feet and
an average elevation above sea level of 90 feet. Within 10 miles is essentially flat (1,483 feet). Within 50 miles
contains very significant variations in elevation (9,564 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Urdaneta is covered by cropland (69%) and trees (20%), within 10 miles by
cropland (69%) and trees (19%), and within 50 miles by cropland (43%) and trees (30%)

Site A to Site B
Total Distance: 25.5 km
Design Consideration
I. Site Selection
 State of the economy of the location.
 The total population and subscriber in the area.
 Total land area.
 Geographical coordinates political subdivision, access roads and landmarks that will identify the site.
 Provided by enough water and power source.
 Distance from the bodies of water.
 Known the common disaster encountered by the area such as floods, landslide or mudslide.
 Check if the site is a potential obstruction to air traffic.
 Physical characteristics such as leveling required, removal of trees or other structure.
 Unusual change of weather condition: maximum expected wind velocity and ranges of temperature.
 Availability of area of possible installing of multiple antennas.
 Location of possible structure.
 Terrain mapping for possible obstruction.
  Grounding system.

II. Antenna Height

 The effect of earth bulge and Fresnel Zones
 Site installation
 Visual line of sight

III. Towers
 The capability of the tower to hold load such as antennas and cables prior to construction.
 The height of the tower should be accurate based on the computation in order to avoid obstruction.
 The anticipated wind loading was identified under harsh condition and additional loading.
 The cost of the antenna, depending on height and wind loading.
 The land area of the tower to be installed.

IV. Field Survey Report

 The availability and size of the land area.
 The existence and height of obstructions along the path of the signal.
 The electrical power and water source.
 The accessibility of the road.

V. Antenna Types
 Must have high antenna gain.
 Antenna must not be too heavy and large for easy mounting in the tower.
 The antenna diameter used in the design system is ___ meter.
 The antenna weight used in the design system is ___kg.

VI. Waveguide and Transmission lines

 The transmission line to be used in the design.
 The length of transmission lines.
 The frequency to be used in the design.

Design Specification

TRANSMITTER TO RECEIVER LINK

LOCATION URDANETA SISON
LATITUDE 15°58'19.0"N 16°11'49.7"N
LONGITUDE 120°33'37.4"E 120°31'06.4"E
ELEVATION 27m 139m
TOWER TYPE Self-supporting Self-supporting
TOWER HEIGHT 70ft 70ft
PATH DISTANCE 25.3km

Design Computation