ISM ASSIGNMENT

SUBMITTED BY: NIKHIL KUMAR (05814901718)

BBA (G) –B
SEMESTER-4
SUBMITTED TO: DR. SUMITA KUKREJA

Q1. Discuss the following types of Information system

1. TPS
2. DSS
3. EIS
4. ES
5. KMS
Q2. Discuss cloud computing covering its types, advantages,
and example of AWS?
ANSWERS
A1.
1. TPS
TPS stands for transaction processing systems. TPS is defined
as "a computer-based information system that keeps track of
the transactions needed to conduct business".
Features of a TPS
Rapid Response
Fast performance with rapid response time is critical. Businesses
cannot afford to have customers waiting for a TPS to respond,
the turnaround time from the input of the transaction to the
production for the output must be a few seconds or less.
Reliability
Many organizations rely heavily on their TPS; a breakdown will
disrupt operations or even stop the business. For a TPS to be
effective its failure rate must be very low. If a TPS does fail,
then quick and accurate recovery must be possible. This makes
well–designed backup and recovery procedures essential.
Inflexibility
A TPS wants every transaction to be processed in the same way
regardless of the user, the customer or the time for the day. If a
TPS were flexible, there would be too many opportunities for
non-standard operations, for example, a commercial airline
needs to consistently accept airline reservations from a range of
travel agents, accepting different transactions data from different
travel agents would be a problem. Controlled processing
The processing in a TPS must support an organization's
operations. For example, if an organization allocates roles and
responsibilities to particular employees, then the TPS should
enforce and maintain this requirement.
Input and output
The inputs of a system are transaction data: bills, orders,
inventory levels, and the like. The output consists of processed
transactions: bills, paychecks. Data can be numeric or general.
For Operational Managers
The TPS deals with day-to-day matters, it is principal of use to
operational-level or supervisory managers, although it can also
be helpful to tactical-level managers.

2. DSS
A decision support system (DSS) is an information system that
supports business or organizational decision-making activities.
DSSs serve the management, operations and planning levels of
an organization (usually mid and higher management) and help
people make decisions about problems that may be rapidly
changing and not easily specified in advance—i.e. unstructured
and semi-structured decision problems. Decision support
systems can be either fully computerized or human-powered or a
combination of both.
While academics have perceived DSS as a tool to
support decision-making processes, DSS users see DSS as a tool
to facilitate organizational processes. Some authors have
extended the definition of DSS to include any system that might
support decision making and some DSS include a decision-
making software component; Sprague (1980) defines a properly
termed DSS as follows:
1. DSS tends to be aimed at the less well structured,
underspecified problem that upper-level managers typically
face;
2. DSS attempts to combine the use of models or analytic
techniques with traditional data
access and retrieval functions;
 3.DSS specifically focuses on features which make them easy
to use by non-computer-proficient people in
an interactive mode; and
4. DSS emphasizes flexibility and adaptability to
accommodate changes in the environment and the decision
approaching of the user.
DSSs include knowledge-based systems. A properly designed
DSS is an interactive software-based system intended to help
decision-makers compile useful information from a combination
of raw data, documents, and personal knowledge, or business
models to identify and solve problems and make decisions.
Typical information that a decision support application might
gather and present includes:

 inventories of information assets (including legacy

and relational data sources, cubes, data warehouses, and data
marts),
 comparative sales figures between one period and the next,
 projected revenue figures based on product sales
assumptions.

3. EIS
An executive information system (EIS), also known as
an Executive support system (ESS),[1] is a type of management
support system that facilitates and supports senior executive
information and decision-making needs. It provides easy access
to internal and external information relevant
to organizational goals. It is commonly considered a specialized
form of decision support system (DSS).
EIS emphasizes graphical displays and easy-to-use user
interfaces. They offer strong reporting and drill-
down capabilities. In general, EIS is an enterprise-wide DSS that
helps top-level executives analyze, compare, and highlight
trends in important variables so that they can monitor
performance and identify opportunities and problems. EIS
and data warehousing technologies are converging in the
marketplace.
In recent years, the term EIS has lost popularity in favor
of business intelligence (with the sub-areas of
reporting, analytics, and digital dashboards).

4. ES
Enterprise software, also known as enterprise application
software (EAS), is computer software used to satisfy the needs
of an organization rather than individual users. Such
organizations include businesses, schools, interest-based user
groups, clubs, charities, and governments. Enterprise software is
an integral part of a (computer-based) information system; a
collection of such software is called an enterprise system.
Services provided by enterprise software are typically business-
oriented tools, such as online shopping, and online
payment processing, interactive product catalog, automated
billing systems, security, Business Process
Management, enterprise content management, IT Service
Management, customer relationship management, enterprise
resource planning, business intelligence, project
management, collaboration, human resource management,
manufacturing, occupational health and safety, enterprise
application integration, and enterprise forms automation.
As enterprises have similar departments and systems in
common, enterprise software is often available as a suite of
customizable programs. Generally, the complexity of these tools
requires specialist capabilities and specific knowledge.
Enterprise computing is the information technology (IT) tools
that businesses use for efficient production operations and back-
office support. These IT tools cover database management,
customer relationship management, supply chain management,
business process management and so on.

5. KMS
A knowledge management system (KMS) is a system for
applying and using knowledge management principles. These
include data-driven objectives around business productivity, a
competitive business model, business intelligence analysis and
more.

A knowledge management system is made up of different

software modules served by a central user interface. Some of
these features can allow for data mining on customer input and
histories, along with the provision or sharing of electronic
documents. Knowledge management systems can help with staff
training and orientation, support better sales, or help business
leaders to make critical decisions.
A2. Cloud computing is the on-demand availability
of computer system resources, especially data
storage and computing power, without direct active management
by the user. The term is generally used to describe data
centers available to many users over the Internet. Large clouds,
predominant today, often have functions distributed over
multiple locations from central servers. If the connection to the
user is relatively close, it may be designated an edge server.
Types of Cloud Computing
Cloud computing types are service deployment models
that let you choose the level of control over your
information and types of services you need to provide.
There are three main types of cloud computing
services, sometimes called the cloud computing stack
because they build on top of one another.
The first cloud computing type is  infrastructure-as-a-
service (IaaS) , which is used for Internet-based access
to storage and computing power. The most basic
category of cloud computing types, IaaS lets you rent
IT infrastructure - servers and virtual machines,
storage, networks, and operating systems - from a
cloud provider on a pay-as-you-go basis.
The second cloud computing type is  platform-as-a-
service (PaaS)  that gives developers the tools to build
and host web applications. PaaS is designed to give
users access to the components they require to quickly
develop and operate web or mobile applications over
the Internet, without worrying about setting up or
managing the underlying infrastructure of servers,
storage, networks, and databases.
The third cloud computing type is  software-as-a-
service (SaaS)  which is used for web-based
applications. SaaS is a method for delivering software
applications over the Internet where cloud providers
host and manage the software applications making it
easier to have the same application on all of your
devices at once by accessing it in the cloud.
Advantages of Cloud Computing
Cost Savings
Cost-saving is the biggest benefit of cloud computing. It helps
you to save substantial capital costs as it does not need any
physical hardware investments. Also, you do not need trained
personnel to maintain the hardware. The buying and managing
of equipment are done by the cloud service provider.
Strategic edge
Cloud computing offers a competitive edge over your
competitors. It helps you to access the latest and applications
any time without spending your time and money on installations.
High Speed
Cloud computing allows you to deploy your service quickly in
fewer clicks. This faster deployment allows you to get the
resources required for your system within fewer minutes.
Back-up and restore data
Once the data is stored in a Cloud, it is easier to get the back-up
and recovery of that, which is otherwise very time taking
process on-premise.
Automatic Software Integration
In the cloud, software integration is something that occurs
automatically. Therefore, you don't need to take additional
efforts to customize and integrate your applications as per your
preferences.
Reliability
Reliability is one of the biggest pluses of cloud computing. You
can always get instantly updated about the changes.
Mobility
Employees who are working on the premises or at the remote
locations can easily access all the cloud services. All they need
is Internet connectivity.
Unlimited storage capacity
The cloud offers almost limitless storage capacity. At any time
you can quickly expand your storage capacity with very nominal
monthly fees.
Collaboration
The cloud computing platform helps employees who are located
in different geographies to collaborate in a highly convenient
and secure manner.
Quick Deployment
Last but not least, cloud computing gives you the advantage of
rapid deployment. So, when you decide to use the cloud, your
entire system can be fully functional in very few minutes.
Although, the amount of time taken depends on what kind of
technologies are used in your business.

Example of AWS
AWS Code Commit is a managed, secure and git-based source
code management service. AWS Code Commit helps enterprise
users to set up secure and managed SCM. Though it does not
provide the social-related features (such as forking and liking)
in Github or Gitlab. It can easily work like Gerrit Code
Review for team collaboration in any size, which is thoroughly
used by Android and the projects under Eclipse Foundation.
This best practice model consists of below guidelines and
workflows,

 The Collaborator role of AWS Code Commit repos who

only has permissions for pulling repo, pushing/merging
code to specific branches (the branch name with
prefix pr/, features/ and bugs/), and
creating/closing/commenting pull requests.
 The Master/Owner role of AWS Code Commit repos who
has some additional administrative privileges of repo, such
as updating repo info, approving/merging pull requests.
 Nobody can directly push code to mainline branch
including master/owner of repos.
 Any newly created pull request and updating of the source
branch of the pull request will trigger automatically Code
Build to verify the pull request. The CodeBuild will update
the PR build status back to pull request and vote code
review approval +1 if the build is successful.
 The approval rule template is created and associated with
the repo. The approval rule requires at least
two +1 approvals from the master/owner of repo and the
automated PR build.
 The Code Pipeline is created on watching the mainline
branch of repo. When new changes are merged into the
mainline branch, the continuous delivery pipeline will be
triggered to deploy the artifacts of repo.