QUESTION ONE

(a) The force 200N

Is opposed by frictional force of 40N
⸫ net force acting on the sledge
= Fn = 200 – 40 = 160N
F = ma
160 = 50 * a
160
a=
50
a = 3.2m/s2
(b) P. E= mgh
P.E = 50KG * 3.2m/s2 * 100m
P.E = 16000 kg/m2 / s2
(c) Kinetic energy at rest is 0
Therefore K.E If the man’s parachute does not work = 0 kg/m2 / s2
(d) K.E = ½ MV2
½ MV2 = K.E
V2 = K + ½ M
V = K.E + ½ M
V = 0 + ½ (50)
V = 5m/s

QUESTION TWO

(a) 45 * 1000m = 45000m per hour.

1 hour = 60 seconds * 60 minutes = 3600 seconds.
45000m/h / 3600 = 12.5m/s
(b)
 Centre of the see saw

1m

Mulenga
3m 3m
(540N)

Michelo Chola W = 320N

(320N) (W)
Michelo and Chola have the same distance to the centre,
Therefore, Weight W for chola is also 320N
(c) D = M/V
D = 20KG/2M3
D = 10kg/m3
Work
(d) P =
Time
500 J
P=
10 s
P = 50W
(e) D = Vt + 1/2at2
First, we find velocity;
V = u + at
V = 0 + (7m/s2 * 2s)
V = 0 + 14
V = 14m/s
Therefore: Distance is;
D = Vt + 1/2at2
D = (14m/s * 2s) + ½ (7m/s2 * 22s)
D = 28 + 14
D = 62m
QUESTION THREE

(a) 72 km/h = 20 m/s

Deceleration = - 20/4 = - 5 m/s2
(b) Average braking force
Given,
Mass of car, M = 2000 kg
5
Velocity, V = 72 * = 20ms-1
18

Apply kinematic equation of motion

v2 – u2 = 2as
0 - 202 = 2a * 20
a = -10ms-2
Breaking force, F = ma
F = 2000 x 10
F = 20kN
(c) The distance moved during deceleration (4marks)
D = Vt + 1/2at2
D = (20m/s * 4s) + ½ (5m/s2 * 42s)
D = 40 + 40
D = 80m

(d)
(i) F = ma
First, we find acceleration;

Vf −Vi
a=
t

10 m/ s−0
a=
0.01 s

a = 1000m/s2

Therefore, force equals;

F = ma
 F = 1kg * 1000m/s2

F = 1000N

(ii) F = ma
Vf −Vi
a=
t
10 m/ s−0
a=
0.5 s
a = 20m/s2

Therefore, force equals;

F = ma

F = 1kg * 20m/s2

F = 20N

QUESTION FOUR

(a) Newton’s first law states that, if a body is at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight
line, it will remain at rest or keep moving in a straight line at constant speed unless it is acted
upon by a force. This postulate is known as the law of inertia (Newton, Isaac, 1729).
Newton's first law says that if the net force on an object is zero (\Sigma F=0ΣF=0\Sigma, F,
equals, 0), then that object will have zero acceleration. That doesn't necessarily mean the
object is at rest, but it means that the velocity is constant. In other words, constant zero
velocity—at rest—or constant non-zero velocity—moving with a constant velocity.
Newton’s second law is a quantitative description of the changes that a force can produce on
the motion of a body. It states that the time rate of change of the momentum of a body is
equal in both magnitude and direction to the force imposed on it. The momentum of a body is
equal to the product of its mass and its velocity. Momentum, like velocity, is
a vector quantity, having both magnitude and direction. A force applied to a body can change
the magnitude of the momentum, or its direction, or both. Newton’s second law is one of the
most important in all of physics. For a body whose mass m is constant, it can be written in the
form F = ma, where F (force) and a (acceleration) are both vector quantities. If a body has a
net force acting on it, it is accelerated in accordance with the equation. Conversely, if a body
is not accelerated, there is no net force acting on it (Newton, Isaac, 1729).
 Newton’s third law states that all forces between two objects exist in equal magnitude and
opposite direction: if one object A exerts a force FA on a second object B,
then B simultaneously exerts a force FB on A, and the two forces are equal in magnitude and
opposite in direction: FA = −FB.[29] The third law means that all forces
are interactions between different bodies,[30][31] or different regions within one body, and thus
that there is no such thing as a force that is not accompanied by an equal and opposite force.
In some situations, the magnitude and direction of the forces are determined entirely by one
of the two bodies, say Body A; the force exerted by Body A on Body B is called the "action",
and the force exerted by Body B on Body A is called the "reaction". This law is sometimes
referred to as the action-reaction law, with FA called the "action" and FB the "reaction"
(Newton, Isaac, 1729).
(b) Angular velocity

w = r × v / |r|²,

w = 600m * 50m/s/6002

w = 30, 000/360,000
w = 0.083
Centripetal force
mv 2
Fc =
r
2000 kg∗(50 m/s) 2
Fc =
r
Fc = 8333.33N

QUESTON FIVE

(a) Work done = Mass × acceleration due to gravity × height.

W = mgh
Distance covered by hammer when lift of height 50m to 60m.

Final height - initial height

60-50= 10 m

∴ The height of hammer when lift from initial position to final position is 10m.

Now,
 W = mgh

W = 2 × 9.8 ×10

W = 19.6× 10

W = 196 Joule

∴The work done to lift hammer is 196 J.

(b) Define the following terms

(i) Kinetic energy is the energy an object has because of its motion. If we want to
accelerate an object, then we must apply a force. Applying a force requires us to do
work. After work has been done, energy has been transferred to the object, and the
object will be moving with a new constant speed. The energy transferred is known
as kinetic energy, and it depends on the mass and speed achieved (Jain, 209).
(ii) Potential energy is energy that is stored – or conserved - in an object or substance.
This stored energy is based on the position, arrangement or state of the object or
substance. You can think of it as energy that has the 'potential' to do work (Feynman,
2011)
W
(c) P =
t
FS
P=
t
50∗25
P=
20.4
12500
P=
204
P = 61.27
(d) Work output = (400/4) * 2.5 = 250 Joules

Work input = 2000 Joules

250
Efficiency = * 100
2000

Efficiency = 12.5%
QUESTION SIX

(a)
Y

U=0

20cm

D = Vt + 1/2at2

It travelled 20cm along negative y-axis

s = -20cm

u=0

a=g

-20cm = ½ * g * t2

−20
-= ½ * 10 * t2
100

t2 = 1/25

t = 1/5s 0r 0.2s

(b)
Vf −Vi
(i) t=
a
0−30 m/ s
t=
10 m/s 2
 t = -3s

(ii) D = Vt + 1/2at2
D = [-30m/s * (-3s)] + ½ [10m/s2 * (-3s)2]
D = 90 + 45
D = 135m
(c)
Vf −Vi
(i) t=
a

20 m/s−15 m/s
t=
2 m/s 2

t = 2.5s

(iii) Average Velocity

Vf +Vi
v=
2
20 m/s+15 m/s
v=
2
v = 35/2
v = 17.5
Therefore; Distance equals;
D = Vt + 1/2at2
D = [17.5m/s * (2.5s)] + ½ [2m/s2 * (2.5s)2]
D = 43.75+ 6.25
D = 50m
 REFERNCES

 Feynman, Richard P. (2011). "Work and potential energy". The Feynman Lectures on

Physics, Vol. I. Basic Books. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-465-02493-3.
 Jain, Mahesh C. (2009). "Fundamental forces and laws: a brief review". Textbook of
Engineering Physics, Part 1. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. p. 10. ISBN 978-81-203-3862-3.
 Newton, Isaac (1729). "Axioms or Laws of Motion". Mathematical Principles of
Natural Philosophy. 1, containing Book 1 (1729 English translation based on 3rd
Latin edition (1726) ed.). p. 19.
 Newton, Isaac (1729). "Axioms or Laws of Motion". Mathematical Principles of
Natural Philosophy. 2, containing Books 2 & 3 (1729 English translation based on 3rd
Latin edition (1726) ed.). p. 19.