Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Earthing Calculation: A General Design Data
Earthing Calculation: A General Design Data
Earthing Calculation: A General Design Data
STANDARDS USED
I
Amm 2 =
K 0 +T m
Where
√( TCAP×10−4
t c α r ρr )(
ln
K 0 +T a )
Material Proposed Copper annealed soft - drawn
Ta = Ambient temperature in °C 40
A kcmil =
Amm² =
Length
Preliminary Layout of Grid = 70
D = Conductor Spacing = 7
LT =2× Na× L
Lp = Length of the conductor across perimeter = 280
D GRID RESISTANCE
1 1 1
R g =ρ
[ +
LT √ 20 A
1+
(1+h √ 20/ A )]
Where
Rg = Grid Resistance
Rg = 2.75
EARTHING CALCULATION
Ohm-M
Sec
°C
mtr.
Eqn.: 40 Page : 43
IEEE Std. 80 - 2000
Ohm - M
°C
°C
KA
Sec.
J/(cm³°C)
EARTHING CALCULATION
mm²
33.75 kcmil
17.10 mm²
4.7 mm
0.00467 mtr.
0.00 mtr.
Breadth
70
m²
EARTHING CALCULATION
W
EARTHING CALCULATION
STANDARDS USED
I
Amm 2 =
K 0 +T m Eqn.: 40 Page : 43
√(
−4
TCAP×10
t c α r ρr )(
ln
K 0 +T a ) IEEE Std. 80 - 2000
Where
Ta = Ambient temperature in °C 40 °C
TCAP = thermal capacity per unit volume from Table 1 3.85 J/(cm³°C)
C s=
(
0 . 09 1−
ρs ) Eqn. 27, Page 23, IEEE 80 2000
2 hs+ 0. 09
K = -0.92
Cs = 0.71
E step70
Length Breadth
Preliminary Layout of Grid = 70 70
D = Conductor Spacing = 5m
LT =2× Na× L
Lp = Length of the conductor across perimete = 280 m
D GRID RESISTANCE
1 1 1
R g =ρ
[ +
LT √20 A
1+
(
1+h √ 20/ A )]
Where
Rg = Grid Resistance
Rg = 0.67 W
EARTHING CALCULATION
Rg
IG D f I g
Where
IG = 9415 A
GPR=I G×R g
GPR = 6354.8 V
The safety to personnel is specified by IEEE 80, which requires to limit the development of
electrical potential to dangerous value during earth fault current.
The regulation stipulates the following parameters to be within the permissible limit
A Mesh Voltage
ρ × I G× K m× K i
Emesh( Design )= Eqn. 80, Page 91,
Lr
Ki
[
LC + 1. 55+1 . 22
larity
K i= 0. 644 +0 .148 n
Where
n =na × nb ×n c × nd
2× LT
na =
LP
EARTHING CALCULATION
2× LT
na =
LP
na = 15.0
n = 15.00
Ki = 2.86
Where
Kii = Corrective wieghting factor that adjusts the effect of inner conductors on the corner mesh
1
K ii= 2
n
( 2×n )
Kii = 0.62
Where
=
√ ho )
( 1+
Kh = 1.22
Km = 0.65
Emesh( Design )
Calculated Mesh Voltage is Lower than the Tolerable Touch Voltage.HENCE SAFE
B Step Voltage
Voltage developed for step as per the earthing system proposed during full Earth fault current
1 −0 . 5 n−2
Ks=
1
Π [ 1
+
1
2 h D +h
+
D ( )] Eqn. 94, Page 94, IEEE 80, 2000
Ks = 0.440
K i= 0. 644 +0 .148 n
Ki = 2.864
Err:502
TABLE 1 - MATERIAL CONSTANTS
Material Fusing
Description Conductivity ar factor K0 at Temperature
(%) at 20°C (0°C) Tm (°C)
Copper annealed
1 soft - drawn 1 100 1 0.00393 1 234 1 1083 1
Copper, commercial
hard - drawn
2 2 97 2 0.00381 2 242 2 1084 2
Copper-clad steel
3 wire 3 40 3 0.00378 3 245 3 1084 3
Copper-clad steel
4 wire 4 30 4 0.00378 4 245 4 700 4
Copper-clad steel
5 rod 5 20 5 0.00378 5 245 5 1084 5
Aluminium EC
6 Grade 6 61 6 0.00403 6 228 6 657 6
Aluminium 5005
7 alloy 7 53.5 7 0.00353 7 263 7 652 7
Aluminium 6201
8 alloy 8 52.5 8 0.00347 8 268 8 654 8
Aluminium-clad steel
9 wire 9 20.3 9 0.0036 9 258 9 657 9
Steel, 1020
10 10 10.8 10 0.0016 10 605 10 1510 10
Stainless - clad steel
11 rod 11 9.8 11 0.0016 11 605 11 1400 11
Zinc-coated steel
12 rod 12 8.6 12 0.0032 12 293 12 419 12
13 Stanless steel, 304 13 2.4 13 0.0013 13 749 13 1400 13
TCAP
rr Thermal
20°C(mW.c Capacity [J/
m) (cm³.°C]
1.72 1 3.42
1.78 2 3.42
4.4 3 3.85
5.86 4 3.85
8.62 5 3.85
2.86 6 2.56
3.22 7 2.6
3.28 8 2.6
8.48 9 3.58
15.9 10 3.28
17.5 11 4.44
20.1 12 3.93
72 13 4.03