LUCKNOW CHRISTIAN DEGREE COLLEGE

SESSION: 2020-21
Semester first
Principal: Dr.(Mrs.) Pronoti Singh
Department of COMPUTER SCIENCE
H.O.D Arvind Sharma
ASSIGNMENT SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
PAPER -2

Signature H.O.D:
Signature of Candidate:
Anirudh Srivastava
College Roll no. : 31411 ( B.sc first year)
Registration no.: LU200003627
 Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my teacher Mrs. Suchi Srivastava (
MCA) as well as our principal Dr.(Mrs) Pronoti
Singh who gave me the golden opportunity to do
this wonderful assignment of System analysis and
design on the topic of ( Feasibility study and
various steps of SDLC), which also helped me in
doing a lot of Research and I came to know about
so many new things I am really thankful to them.

Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and

friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this
assignment within the limited time frame.
Anirudh Srivastava
B.sc(PMCS) First year
System analyst and design

Main content of assignment is

about:

Feasibility study
and
System development life cycle’s
various steps
Question 1:What is Feasibility study? Explain different types
of Feasibility study?

Feasibility Study
Introduction
• To determine what the system is to do by defining its expected performance.
• Thus a feasibility study is carried out to select the best system that meets performance
requirements

What is a Feasibility Study?

As the name implies, a feasibility analysis is used to determine the viability of
an idea, such as ensuring a project is legally and technically feasible as well as
economically justifiable. It tells us whether a project is worth the investment—in
some cases, a project may not be durable. There can be many reasons for this,
including requiring too many resources, which not only prevents those resources
from performing other tasks but also may cost more than an organization would
earn back by taking on a project that isn’t profitable.

A well-designed study should offer a historical background of the business or

project, such as a description of the product or service, accounting statements,
details of operations and management, marketing research and policies,
financial data, legal requirements, and tax obligations. Generally, such studies
precede technical development and project implementation

Types of Feasibility Study

• Technical Feasibility
• Economic Feasibility
• Legal Feasibility
• Operational feasibility
• Scheduling feasibility

Technical Feasibility
This assessment focuses of the technical resources available to the
organization. It helps organizations determine whether the technical
resources meet capacity and whether the technical team is capable of
converting the ideas into working systems. Technical feasibility also
involves the evaluation of the hardware, software, and other technical
requirements of the proposed system. As an exaggerated example, an
organization wouldn’t want to try to put Star Trek’s transporters in
their building—currently, this project is not technically feasible.

Economic Feasibility
This assessment typically involves a cost/ benefits analysis of the
project, helping organizations determine the viability, cost, and
benefits associated with a project before financial resources are
allocated. It also serves as an independent project assessment and
enhances project credibility—helping decision-makers determine the
positive economic benefits to the organization that the proposed
project will provide.
Legal Feasibility
This assessment investigates whether any aspect of the proposed
project conflicts with legal requirements like zoning laws, data
protection acts or social media laws. Let’s say an organization wants to
construct a new office building in a specific location. A feasibility study
might reveal the organization’s ideal location isn’t zoned for that type
of business. That organization has just saved considerable time and
effort by learning that their project was not feasible right from the
beginning.

Operational Feasibility
This assessment involves undertaking a study to analyze and
determine whether—and how well—the organization’s needs can be
met by completing the project. Operational feasibility studies also
examine how a project plan satisfies the requirements identified in the
requirements analysis phase of system development.
Scheduling Feasibility
This assessment is the most important for project success; after all, a
project will fail if not completed on time. In scheduling feasibility, an
organization estimates how much time the project will take to
complete.
Steps in Feasibility Analysis
1. Form a project team and appoint a project leader
2. Prepare system flowcharts
3. Enumerate potential candidate systems

4. Describe and identify characteristics of candidate systems

5. Determine and evaluate performance and cost effectiveness of each candidate system
6. Weight system performance and cost data
7. Select the best candidate system

8. Prepare and report final project directive to management

Importance of Feasibility Study

The importance of a feasibility study is based on organizational desire to “get it
right” before committing resources, time, or budget. A feasibility study might
uncover new ideas that could completely change a project’s scope. It’s best to
make these determinations in advance, rather than to jump in and to learn that
the project won’t work. Conducting a feasibility study is always beneficial to the
project as it gives you and other stakeholders a clear picture of the proposed
project.

Below are some key benefits of conducting a feasibility

study:

1. Improves project teams’ focus

2. Identifies new opportunities
3. Provides valuable information for a “go/no-go” decision
4. Narrows the business alternatives
5. Identifies a valid reason to undertake the project
 6. Enhances the success rate by evaluating multiple parameters
7. Aids decision-making on the project
8. Identifies reasons not to proceed
Conclusion: When these areas have all been examined, the feasibility
analysis helps identify any constraints the proposed project may face,
including:
Internal Project Constraints: Technical, Technology, Budget, Resource,
etc.
Internal Corporate Constraints: Financial, Marketing, Export, etc.
External Constraints: Logistics, Environment, Laws, and Regulations,
etc.

Feasibility Study – Example

Examples of the feasibility study can be observed in our day to day life.

➢ When a housewife inspects the quality of the product she is

purchasing from a grocery store, she is actually doing a material
quality feasibility test.
➢ The farmer in order to eliminate the use of pesticides studies the
operational and economic feasibility of organic methods of
farming and its consequences on the output and quality of the
crop.
➢ Due to increasing fuel rates and air pollution, a team of young
entrepreneurs in order to launch an electric vehicle performs
technical, resource and economic feasibility tests.
Question 2: Describe the steps in system development life
cycle model in detail?

The Seven Phases of the System-Development Life Cycle

The system-development life cycle enables users to transform a
newly-developed project into an operational one.

The System Development Life Cycle, “SDLC” for short, is a

multistep, iterative process, structured in a methodical way.
This process is used to model or provide a framework for
technical and non-technical activities to deliver a quality system
which meets or exceeds a business’s expectations or manage
decision-making progression.

Traditionally, the systems-development life cycle consisted of

five stages. That has now increased to seven phases. Increasing
the number of steps helped systems analysts to define clearer
actions to achieve specific goals
1. Planning
This is the first phase in the systems development process. It
identifies whether or not there is the need for a new system to
achieve a business’s strategic objectives. This is a preliminary
plan (or a feasibility study) for a company’s business initiative to
acquire the resources to build on an infrastructure to modify or
improve a service. The company might be trying to meet or
exceed expectations for their employees, customers and
stakeholders too. The purpose of this step is to find out the
scope of the problem and determine solutions. Resources,
costs, time, benefits and other items should be considered at
this stage.
 2. Systems Analysis and Requirements
The second phase is where businesses will work on the source
of their problem or the need for a change. In the event of a
problem, possible solutions are submitted and analyzed to
identify the best fit for the ultimate goal(s) of the project. This
is where teams consider the functional requirements of the
project or solution. It is also where system analysis takes
place—or analyzing the needs of the end users to ensure the
new system can meet their expectations. Systems analysis is
vital in determining what a business’s needs are, as well as how
they can be met, who will be responsible for individual pieces
of the project, and what sort of timeline should be expected.

There are several tools businesses can use that are specific to
the second phase. They include:

❖ CASE (Computer Aided Systems/Software Engineering)

❖ Requirements gathering
❖ Structured analysis
3. Systems Design
The third phase describes, in detail, the necessary
specifications, features and operations that will satisfy the
functional requirements of the proposed system which will be
in place. This is the step for end users to discuss and determine
their specific business information needs for the proposed
system. It’s during this phase that they will consider the
essential components (hardware and/or software) structure
(networking capabilities), processing and procedures for the
system to accomplish its objectives.

4. Development
The fourth phase is when the real work begins—in particular,
when a programmer, network engineer and/or database
developer are brought on to do the major work on the project.
This work includes using a flow chart to ensure that the process
of the system is properly organized. The development phase
marks the end of the initial section of the process. Additionally,
this phase signifies the start of production. The development
stage is also characterized by instillation and change. Focusing
on training can be a huge benefit during this phase.

5. Integration and Testing

The fifth phase involves systems integration and system testing
(of programs and procedures)—normally carried out by a
Quality Assurance (QA) professional—to determine if the
proposed design meets the initial set of business goals. Testing
may be repeated, specifically to check for errors, bugs and
interoperability. This testing will be performed until the end
user finds it acceptable. Another part of this phase is
verification and validation, both of which will help ensure the
program’s successful completion.

6. Implementation
The sixth phase is when the majority of the code for the
program is written. Additionally, this phase involves the actual
installation of the newly-developed system. This step puts the
project into production by moving the data and components
from the old system and placing them in the new system via a
direct cutover. While this can be a risky (and complicated)
move, the cutover typically happens during off-peak hours,
thus minimizing the risk. Both system analysts and end-users
should now see the realization of the project that has
implemented changes.

7. Operations and Maintenance

The seventh and final phase involves maintenance and regular
required updates. This step is when end users can fine-tune the
system, if they wish, to boost performance, add new
capabilities or meet additional user requirements.
Importance of the SDLC’s various steps
If a business determines a change is needed during any phase
of the SDLC, the company might have to proceed through all
the above life cycle phases again. The life cycle approach of any
project is a time-consuming process. Even though some steps
are more difficult than others, none are to be overlooked. An
oversight could prevent the entire system from functioning as
planned.
A system development life cycle helps to lower the complexity
of developing a system from scratch. It is important to have an
SDLC in place as it helps to transform the idea of a project into a
functional and completely operational structure.
Conclusion
In addition to covering the technical aspects of system
development, SDLC helps with process development, change
management, user experience, and policies. Another benefit of
an SDLC is that it allows for planning ahead of time, determine
costs and staffing decisions, define goals, measure
performance, and validate points at each phase of the cycle to
boost the quality of the final product.

By Anirudh Srivastava
 Bibliography
❖ Tutorialpoint.com
❖ Slideshare.com
❖ Researchgate.com
❖ Scribd.com
❖ Google images