Vertical Distribution of Force Section 208.5.2.

The total force shall be distributed over the height of the structure in
conformance with Equation 208-15, 208-16 and 208-17 in the absence of a
more rigorous procedure

𝑉 𝐹𝑡 𝐹𝑖 Equation 208-15

Ft at the top in addition to Fn

Ft = 0.07TV ≤ 0.25V Equation 208-16

where T used for the purposed on calculation V

Ft = 0 when T ≤ 0.70sec

Fx is the force at each level

𝐹𝑥 ∑
Equation 208-17

Use DYNAMIC PROCEDURE if TYPE 1, 2 and 3 structural irregularity exist!

EARTHQUAKE LOADING: 
Code: NSCP 2015
Vertical Distribution of Force Section 208.5.2.3

Level 9 W9=950kN
Zone 4
Level 8 W8=1800kN W = 16850kN
Cv = 0.56
Level 7 W7=1800kN
R = 8.5
Level 6 W6=1800kN I = 1.0

Level 5 W5=2600kN T = 1.06 sec

V = 1040kN
Level 4 W4=1900kN
Determine, Ft
Level 3 W3=1900kN
T = 1.06 sec > 0.70sec
Level 2 W2=2000kN Ft = 0.07(1.06sec)(1040kN)
Level 1 W1=2100kN = 77kN
max Ft = 0.25(1040kN)
= 260kN
USE Ft = 77kN

EARTHQUAKE LOADING: 
Code: NSCP 2015
Vertical Distribution of Force Section 208.5.2.3
Ft + F9
Level 9
F8
Level 8
F7
Level 7
F6
Level 6
F5 Fx is the force at each level
Level 5
F4
Level 4 𝐹𝑥 ∑
F3
Level 3
F2
Level 2
F1
Level 1

EARTHQUAKE LOADING: 
Code: NSCP 2015
Vertical Distribution of Force Section 208.5.2.3

Level Hx Wx Wxhx 𝑾𝒙𝒉𝒙 Fx Fx/Wx

x (m) (kN) (kN-m) ∑ 𝑾𝒊𝒉𝒊 (kN)
9 34.00 950 32,300 0.102 77+98.23 0.0104
8 30.50 1,800 54,900 0.173 166.60 0.093
7 27.00 1,800 48,600 0.153 147.34 0.082
6 23.50 1,800 42,300 0.133 128.08 0.071
5 20.00 2,600 52,000 0.164 147.93 0.057
4 16.50 1,900 31,350 0.099 95.37 0.050
3 13.00 1,900 24,700 0.078 75.11 0.040
2 9.50 2,000 19,000 0.060 57.78 0.029
1 6.00 2,100 12,600 0.040 38.52 0.018
∑=16,850 317,750 1,918

EARTHQUAKE LOADING: 
Code: NSCP 2015
Minimum Design Lateral Forces and Related
Effects Section 208.5

P∆ Effects Section 208.6.3

EARTHQUAKE LOADING: 
Code: NSCP 2015
Minimum Design Lateral Forces and Related
Effects Section 208.5

Drift Section 208.6.4

Drift or horizontal displacement of the structure

For both allowable Stress Design and Strength Design, the
Maximum Inelastic Response Displacement, ∆M, of the structure
caused by the Design Basis Ground Motion shall be
The drifts corresponding to the design seismic forces of Section
208.5.2.1 “Design Base Shear“ or Section 208.5.3.5 “Response
Spectrum Analysis,” ∆S, shall be determined in accordance with
Section 208.6.4.1 “Determination of ∆S” To determine ∆M, these
drifts shall be amplified in accordance with Section 208.6.4.2
“Determination of ∆M”

EARTHQUAKE LOADING: 
Code: NSCP 2015
Minimum Design Lateral Forces and Related
Effects Section 208.5

cont…….Drift Section 208.6.4

Determination of ∆S Section 208.6.4.1

∆S = Design Level Response Displacement, which is total drift or

total storey drift
Static, elastic analysis of the lateral force-resisting system shall be
prepared using the design seismic forces from Section 208.5.2.1
“Design Base Shear.”
Dynamic analysis may be performed in accordance with Section
208.5.3 “Dynamic Analysis Procedure.” Where Allowable Stress
Design is used and when drift is being computed, the load
combination of Section 203.3 “Combination of Loads” and Section
208.6.2 “Modeling Requirements.”

EARTHQUAKE LOADING: 
Code: NSCP 2015
Minimum Design Lateral Forces and Related
Effects Section 208.5

cont…….Drift Section 208.6.4

Determination of ∆M Section 208.6.4.2

∆M = Maximum Inelastic Response Displacement

∆M = 0.7R∆S equation 208-21

The analysis used to determine the Maximum Inelastic Response

Displacement, ∆M, shall consider P∆ effects

EARTHQUAKE LOADING: 
Code: NSCP 2015
Minimum Design Lateral Forces and Related
Effects Section 208.5

Storey Drift Limitation Section 208.6.5

Storey drifts shall be computed using the Maximum Inelastic

Response Displacement, ∆M

Calculated Section 208.6.5.1

∆M ≤ 0.025 x storey height when T < 0.70sec

∆M ≤ 0.020 x storey height when T ≥ 0.70sec

Exemptions:
These drift limits for ∆M may be exceeded when it is demonstrated that
greater drift can be tolerated by both structural elements and nonstructural
elements that could affect life safety

EARTHQUAKE LOADING: 
Code: NSCP 2015
Static Procedure Section 208.5.2

W Equation 208-8

Total Design Base Shear need not exceed the following:

𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝒂
W Equation 208-9

Total Design Base Shear shall not be less than following:

𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒂 W Equation 208-10

For Seismic Zone 4, the Total Design Base Shear shall not
be less than following:

𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝒗
W Equation 208-11

EARTHQUAKE LOADING: 
Code: NSCP 2015
Earthquake Terminology
Earthquake Loads Section 208.6.1

Structures shall be designed for ground motion producing structural

response and seismic forces in any horizontal direction
The following earthquake loads shall be used in the load
combination set forth in Section 203:

𝐸 ρ𝐸ℎ 𝐸𝑣 Equation 208-18

𝐸𝑚 Ω0𝐸ℎ Equation 208-19

𝐸 = the earthquake load on an element of the structure resulting

from the combination of the horizontal (Eh) and vertical (Ev)
earthquake component
𝐸ℎ= the earthquake load due to the base shear, V, as set forth in
Section 208.5.2 “Static Force Procedure”
𝐸𝑣 = the load effect resulting from the vertical component of the
earthquake ground motion.
= to an addition of 0.50CaID to the dead load effect, D
EARTHQUAKE LOADING: 
Code: NSCP 2015
Earthquake Terminology
Cont…….Earthquake Loads Section 208.6.1

𝑜 = the seismic force amplification factor that is required to

account for structural over-strength, Section 208.4.10.1

= Reliability/Redundancy Factor
.
1.00 < ρ ≤ 1.50 Equation 208-20

rmax = the maximum element-storey shear ratios, ri, which

occurs in any of the storey levels below the 2/3
height of the building

Exemption:
AB may be taken as the average floor area in the upper
setback portion of the building where a larger base area
exists at the ground floor

EARTHQUAKE LOADING: 
Code: NSCP 2015
Earthquake Terminology
For special moment-resisting frames, except when used in
dual systems, ρ shall not exceeds 1.25. The number of
bays of special moment-resisting frames shall be
increased to reduce r, such that ρ is less than or equal to
1.25.

When calculating drift or when the structure is located in

the Seismic Zone 2, ρ shall be taken equal to 1.0.

EARTHQUAKE LOADING: 
Code: NSCP 2015
 Earthquake Terminology

Level 5

Level 4

Level 3

Level 2

Level 1

BRACED FRAME

For braced frames, the value or ri is equal to the maximum

horizontal force component in a single brace element
divided by the total storey shear

EARTHQUAKE LOADING: 
Code: NSCP 2015
Earthquake Terminology
Storey Total Storey Brace Horizontal ri = Fx/Vi
i Shear Vi Forces Eh Component
(kN) (kN) Fx (kN)
1 4200 1200 984 0.234
2 3250 800 566 0.174
3 2300 530 434 0.189
4 1400 407 334 0.239
5 Not required above 2/3 height (see definition of ri)

EARTHQUAKE LOADING: 
Code: NSCP 2015
 Earthquake Terminology MOMENT FRAME

Level 6

25kN 50kN 58kN 35kN

Level 5

Level 4
70kN 125kN 135kN 70kN

Level 3

95kN 175kN 200kN 115kN

Level 2

125kN 225kN 250kN 135kN

Level 1

170kN 300kN 320kN 200kN

A B C D

EARTHQUAKE LOADING: 
Code: NSCP 2015
Earthquake Terminology
Storey Total Storey VA + 0.70VB 0.70(VB+VC) 0.70(VC+VD) ri
i Shear Vi (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN)

1 1730 380 434 364 0.251

2 1360 282.5 332.5 269.5 0.244
3 1015 217.5 262.5 220.5 0.259
4 672 157.5 182 143.5 0.271
5 Not required above 2/3 height (see definition of ri)

EARTHQUAKE LOADING: 
Code: NSCP 2015
Example 1: Earthquake Load, Strength Design

Given: Zone 4
Ca = 0.44
I = 1.0
ρ = 1.1

𝐸 ρ𝐸ℎ 𝐸𝑣
𝐸𝑣 0.50𝐶𝑎𝐼D
= 0.50(0.44)(1.00)(200kN-m)
= 44kN-m
Moment Frame E = 1.1(150kN-m) + 44kN-m

Day 2 E = 209kN-m

EARTHQUAKE LOADING: 
Code: NSCP 2015