16

1. Which of the following is NOT true concerning E. coli rrn operons?

he E. coli genome contains 7 rrn operons.
A. T

B. T

hese operons can contain rRNA and tRNA genes.
C. snRNP U1 is involved in processing the RNA transcript produced from these operons.

D. RNase III and RNase E are involved in processing the RNA transcript produced from these

operons.
he rrnD transcription product is a 30S precursor molecule.
E. T

2. Which of the following enzymes removes extra nucleotides from the 5′ ends of pre-tRNA?

A. R

Nase I
B. R

Nase II
C. RNase III

D. RNase E

E. R
Nase P

3. Most cellular RNase P enzymes have 2 subunits, one protein subunit and I RNA subunit. RNase
P from which of the following has no known RNA subunit?

A. h

uman nuclei
B. m

onkey mitochondria
C. spinach chloroplast

D. yeast nuclei

E. E
scherichia coli

4. In which of the following organisms is trans-splicing of mRNA known to occur?

A. t rypanosomes

B. y east

C. bacteria

D. mammals

E. p lants


5. Trypanosome mitochondria contain two types of circular DNA linked together into large networks.
These mitochondria are called

A. m

axicircles
B. k inetoplasts

C. leucoplasts

D. plastids

E. m axi-mitochondria

6. Which of the following RNAs is involved in mRNA editing?

A. r RNA

B. t RNA

C. gRNA

D. snRNA

E. i RNA

7. Which of the following techniques was used by Stuart and colleagues to demonstrate mRNA
editing?

A. R

T-PCR
B. c DNA cloning

C. Northern Blot

D. RNase footprinting

E. m utation analysis

8. RNA editing by nucleotide deamination can occur in which of the following cell types?

A. h

uman brain
B. H

IV infected human cells
C. red blood cells

D. Drosophila

E. A
ll of the choices have RNA editing.


9. The function of normally occurring mRNA deamination appears to be the proper

A. c leanup of the mRNA.

B. m

RNA folding.
C. mRNA splicing.

D. mRNA modification.

E. p rotein synthesis.

10. Which of the following processes occurs posttranscriptionally?

A. C

ap addition
B. a

denosine deamination
C. Poly(A) addition

D. promoter clearance

E. u
nwinding

11. Under which of the following conditions does TfR mRNA degradation take place?

A. c onversion of citrate to isocitrate

B. I RE hairpin loop formation

C. aconitase apoprotein binding to IRES

D. low iron concentrations

E. h igh iron concentrations

12. RNA interference occurs naturally in human cells during

A. R

NA viral replication.
B. D

NA viral replication.
C. RNA viral transcription.

D. DNA viral transcription.

E. m
RNA translation.


13. Which of the following enzymes is not involved in RNA interference?

A. D

icer
B. S

licer
C. Argonaute

D. Argonaute2

E. R
Nase P

Select one of the choices below to indicate whether it is a characteristic of miRNA or siRNA.

A. miRNA

B. siRNA
14. Induces degradation of the target mRNA

________________________________________

15. Usually formed from foreign RNAs

________________________________________

16. Usually starts as part of the stem of a naturally occurring cellular RNA stem loop

________________________________________

17. Usually base pair imperfectly with their target mRNA

________________________________________

18. rRNA gene transcription occurs in the ______________.

________________________________________

19. ________-splicing is the process by which exons from different genes are spliced together to form
the mature mRNA.

________________________________________

20. Trypanosome mRNA editing occurs in the ______________.

________________________________________

21. If you were to treat mammary gland tissue with prolactin you would expect to see an increase in
casein mRNA __________________.

________________________________________

22. MicroRNAs function to silence gene expression primarily by blocking ____________ of targeted
mRNAs.

________________________________________

23. miRNA synthesis involves the cleavage of the double stranded stem portion of a precursor RNA
by the enzyme ____________.

________________________________________

24. _________ RNA is responsible for RNA interference.

________________________________________

25. RNA editing in mammals involves deamination of adenosine to form __________.

________________________________________

26. Processing a pri-miRNA to a mature miRNA is a two-step process.

True False

27. Transposition of transposons is blocked in animal germ cells by a ping-pong and mRNA
destruction mechanism involving piRNAs.

True False

28. E. coli rRNA is transcribed and processed in the cytoplasm.

True False

29. Inactivation of RNase genes involved in tRNA 3′ end maturation is lethal to bacterial cells.

True False

30. mRNA editing has been shown to occur in the 5′ to 3′ direction.

True False

31. Flowering plants have two nuclear RNA RNA polymerases, Iv and V, that are not found in
animals and fungi.

True False

32. Cellular mRNA levels often correlate more closely with transcription rate than with transcript
stability.

True False

33. Dicer is an RNase III-like enzyme that cleaves dsRNA into 50–55 nt fragments.

True False

34. Gene silencing by RNAi can target the control region of a gene by being involved in DNA
methylation.

True False

35. Post-transcriptional processing of RNA is not important for gene expression.

True False

36. Post-transcriptional processing of RNA occurs only in eukaryotic cells.

True False

 16 Key

1. Which of the following is NOT true concerning E. coli rrn operons?

A. The E. coli genome contains 7 rrn operons.

B. These operons can contain rRNA and tRNA genes.

C. snRNP U1 is involved in processing the RNA transcript produced from these operons.

D. RNase III and RNase E are involved in processing the RNA transcript produced from these

operons.
E. The rrnD transcription product is a 30S precursor molecule.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Section: 16.01
Weaver - Chapter 16 #1


2. Which of the following enzymes removes extra nucleotides from the 5′ ends of pre-tRNA?

A. RNase I

B. RNase II

C. RNase III

D. RNase E

E. RNase P

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 16.02
Weaver - Chapter 16 #2


3. Most cellular RNase P enzymes have 2 subunits, one protein subunit and I RNA subunit.
RNase P from which of the following has no known RNA subunit?

A. human nuclei

B. monkey mitochondria

C. spinach chloroplast

D. yeast nuclei

E. Escherichia coli

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 16.02
Weaver - Chapter 16 #3



4. In which of the following organisms is trans-splicing of mRNA known to occur?

A. trypanosomes

B. yeast

C. bacteria

D. mammals

E. plants

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 16.03
Weaver - Chapter 16 #4


5. Trypanosome mitochondria contain two types of circular DNA linked together into large
networks. These mitochondria are called

A. maxicircles

B. kinetoplasts

C. leucoplasts

D. plastids

E. maxi-mitochondria

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 16.04
Weaver - Chapter 16 #5


6. Which of the following RNAs is involved in mRNA editing?

A. rRNA

B. tRNA

C. gRNA

D. snRNA

E. iRNA

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 16.04
Weaver - Chapter 16 #6



7. Which of the following techniques was used by Stuart and colleagues to demonstrate mRNA
editing?

A. RT-PCR

B. cDNA cloning

C. Northern Blot

D. RNase footprinting

E. mutation analysis

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 16.04
Weaver - Chapter 16 #7


8. RNA editing by nucleotide deamination can occur in which of the following cell types?

A. human brain

B. HIV infected human cells

C. red blood cells

D. Drosophila

E. All of the choices have RNA editing.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 16.04
Weaver - Chapter 16 #8


9. The function of normally occurring mRNA deamination appears to be the proper

A. cleanup of the mRNA.

B. mRNA folding.

C. mRNA splicing.

D. mRNA modification.

E. protein synthesis.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Section: 16.04
Weaver - Chapter 16 #9



10. Which of the following processes occurs posttranscriptionally?

A. Cap addition

B. adenosine deamination

C. Poly(A) addition

D. promoter clearance

E. unwinding

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Section: 16.05
Weaver - Chapter 16 #10


11. Under which of the following conditions does TfR mRNA degradation take place?

A. conversion of citrate to isocitrate

B. IRE hairpin loop formation

C. aconitase apoprotein binding to IRES

D. low iron concentrations

E. high iron concentrations

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 16.05
Weaver - Chapter 16 #11


12. RNA interference occurs naturally in human cells during

A. RNA viral replication.

B. DNA viral replication.

C. RNA viral transcription.

D. DNA viral transcription.

E. mRNA translation.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 16.05
Weaver - Chapter 16 #12



13. Which of the following enzymes is not involved in RNA interference?

A. Dicer

B. Slicer

C. Argonaute

D. Argonaute2

E. RNase P

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 16.05
Weaver - Chapter 16 #13


Select one of the choices below to indicate whether it is a characteristic of miRNA or siRNA.

A. miRNA

B. siRNA
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 16.05
Weaver - Chapter 16


14. Induces degradation of the target mRNA

B

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 16.05
Weaver - Chapter 16 #14


15. Usually formed from foreign RNAs

B

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 16.05
Weaver - Chapter 16 #15


16. Usually starts as part of the stem of a naturally occurring cellular RNA stem loop

A

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 16.05
Weaver - Chapter 16 #16


17. Usually base pair imperfectly with their target mRNA

A

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 16.05
Weaver - Chapter 16 #17



18. rRNA gene transcription occurs in the ______________.

nucleolus

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 16.01
Weaver - Chapter 16 #18


19. ________-splicing is the process by which exons from different genes are spliced together to
form the mature mRNA.

Trans

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 16.03
Weaver - Chapter 16 #19


20. Trypanosome mRNA editing occurs in the ______________.

mitochondria

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 16.04
Weaver - Chapter 16 #20


21. If you were to treat mammary gland tissue with prolactin you would expect to see an increase
in casein mRNA __________________.

stability (or half-life)

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 16.05
Weaver - Chapter 16 #21


22. MicroRNAs function to silence gene expression primarily by blocking ____________ of targeted
mRNAs.

translation

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 16.05
Weaver - Chapter 16 #22


23. miRNA synthesis involves the cleavage of the double stranded stem portion of a precursor
RNA by the enzyme ____________.

Dicer

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 16.05
Weaver - Chapter 16 #23



24. _________ RNA is responsible for RNA interference.

Double-stranded

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 16.05
Weaver - Chapter 16 #24


25. RNA editing in mammals involves deamination of adenosine to form __________.

inosine

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 16.04
Weaver - Chapter 16 #25


26. Processing a pri-miRNA to a mature miRNA is a two-step process.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 16.04
Weaver - Chapter 16 #26


27. Transposition of transposons is blocked in animal germ cells by a ping-pong and mRNA
destruction mechanism involving piRNAs.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 16.05
Weaver - Chapter 16 #27


28. E. coli rRNA is transcribed and processed in the cytoplasm.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 16.01
Weaver - Chapter 16 #28


29. Inactivation of RNase genes involved in tRNA 3′ end maturation is lethal to bacterial cells.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 16.02
Weaver - Chapter 16 #29


30. mRNA editing has been shown to occur in the 5′ to 3′ direction.

FALSE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
 Section: 16.04
Weaver - Chapter 16 #30


31. Flowering plants have two nuclear RNA RNA polymerases, Iv and V, that are not found in
animals and fungi.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 16.05
Weaver - Chapter 16 #31


32. Cellular mRNA levels often correlate more closely with transcription rate than with transcript
stability.

FALSE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 16.05
Weaver - Chapter 16 #32


33. Dicer is an RNase III-like enzyme that cleaves dsRNA into 50–55 nt fragments.

FALSE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 16.05
Weaver - Chapter 16 #33


34. Gene silencing by RNAi can target the control region of a gene by being involved in DNA
methylation.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 16.05
Weaver - Chapter 16 #34


35. Post-transcriptional processing of RNA is not important for gene expression.

FALSE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 16.05
Weaver - Chapter 16 #35


36. Post-transcriptional processing of RNA occurs only in eukaryotic cells.

FALSE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 16.05
Weaver - Chapter 16 #36

 16 Summary

Category # of Questions
Blooms Level: 1. Remember 24
Blooms Level: 2. Understand 13
Section: 16.01 3
Section: 16.02 3
Section: 16.03 2
Section: 16.04 9
Section: 16.05 20
Weaver - Chapter 16 37