SSD - UNIT- II

SSD - UNIT- II

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Outline
 Power Electronics Converters for DC Drives
 Controlled Rectifier Fed DC Drives
 Single Phase
 Two-quadrant
 Four-quadrant
 References

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Power Electronic Converters
for DC Drives
 Speed Control Strategy:
 below base speed: Va control
 above base speed: flux control via Vf control
 Power electronics converters are used to obtain variable
voltage
 Highly efficient
 Ideally lossless
 Type of converter used is depending on voltage source :
 AC voltage source  Controlled Rectifiers
 Fixed DC voltage source  DC-DC converters

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Controlled Rectifier Fed DC Drives

 To obtain variable DC voltage from fixed AC source
 DC current flows in only 1 direction
 Example of a drive system

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 variable Frequency drives

 variable speed DC drives or Thyristor Drives - ranging from 1HP to

3000HP. salient feature of our Drive include:
- Full control three phase interchangeable thyristor bridges.
- Drive status indications
- Selection of Armature/Tachogenerator feedback available on card6
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Controlled Rectifier Fed 

– Single-phase DC Drives Q2 Q1

 Two-quadrant drive Q3 Q4 T
 Limited to applications up to 15 kW
 Regeneration (Q4) only be achieved with loads that can drive
the motor in reverse (-ve )

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 Continuous conduction
 a <90

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 Continuous conduction
a > 90

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 Discontinuous conduction
SSD - UNIT- II

 a <90

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Controlled Rectifier Fed
– Single-phase DC Drives +
ia

 Two-quadrant drive Single-

phase Va
For continuous current: supply
−
 Armature voltage
2Vm
Va = cos a
 2Vm

where Vm = peak voltage
Va − Ea
 Armature current I a = 
Ra 90o 180o

2Vm
 Field voltage Vf = cos f −
2 Vm
 

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Controlled Rectifier Fed
– Single-phase DC Drives +
ia

+
Single-
 Two-quadrant drive phase Va Ea
supply 
For Quadrant 1 operation: − −
  positive → Ea and Va positive
 a  90 2Vm
Va = cos  a
 Ia positive 2V m 


 Rectifier delivers power to motor, Q1

i.e. forward motoring. 90o 180o


2 Vm
−

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Controlled Rectifier Fed
– Single-phase DC Drives −
ia

−
Single-
 Two-quadrant drive phase Va Ea 
supply
For Quadrant 4 operation: + +
  negative → Ea negative
 a > 90 → Va negative 2Vm
Va = cos  a
 Ia positive (still in same direction) 2Vm 


 Rectifier takes power from motor,

i.e. regenerative braking. 90o 180o


Q4
2 Vm
−

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 Steady State Analysis of continuous conduction

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 Speed – torque characteristics

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Controlled Rectifier Fed
– Single-phase DC Drives 
 Four-quadrant drive
 Converter 1 for operation in 1st and 4th quadrant Q2 Q1
 Converter 2 for operation in 2nd and 3rd quadrant Q3 Q4 T
 Limited to applications up to 15 kW

+
Single- ia Single-
phase Va phase
supply supply
−

Two rectifiers
Converter 1 Converter 2 connected in anti-
parallel across
motor armature
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– Single-phase DC Drives
 Four-quadrant drive
For continuous current:
 Both converters are operated to produce the same dc voltage across the
terminal, i.e.: V1 +V2 = 0
2Vm 2Vm
where V1 = cos  a1 and V2 = cos  a 2
 
(Vm = peak supply voltage)
 Hence, firing angles of both converters must satisfy the following:
 a1 +  a 2 = 
+ −
Va − Ea
 Armature current I a = V1 V2
Ra
2Vm +
 Field voltage V f = cos f −


Converter 1 Converter 2
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Rectifier Fed DC Drives Problems

Distortion of Supply
 Controlled rectifier introduces harmonics to supply currents
and voltages which cause:
 heating and torque pulsations in motor
 resonance in power system network – interaction between rectifier
RL with capacitor banks in the system
 Solution - eliminate most dominant harmonics by:
 install LC filters at input of converters – tuned to absorb most
dominant harmonics (i.e. 5th and 7th harmonics)
 Use 12-pulse converter – consists of two 6-pulse controlled rectifiers
connected in parallel
 Selective switching of supply input using self-commutating devices
(eg. GTOs, IGBTs) in the converter

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References
 Rashid, M.H, Power Electronics: Circuit, Devices and
Applictions, 3rd ed., Pearson, New-Jersey, 2004.
 Dubey, G.K., Fundamentals of Electric Drives, 2nd ed., Alpha
Science Int. Ltd., UK, 2001.
 Krishnan, R., Electric Motor Drives: Modeling, Analysis and
Control, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 2001.
 Nik Idris, N. R., Short Course Notes on Electrical Drives,
UNITEN/UTM, 2008.
 Ahmad Azli, N., Short Course Notes on Electrical Drives,
UNITEN/UTM, 2008.

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Thank You

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