Ramrao Adik Institute of Technology

Department of Electronics Engineering

Design with Linear Integrated Circuits

(Odd Semester 2020-21)

Experiment No. 2

To Study Triangular Wave Generator

Using OP-AMP

Name: Shubham Yelekar Roll No:15EE1075

Class: TE Division: C Batch: C4
10 | P a g e
 Experiment No. 2
1. Aim: To Study Triangular wave generator using OP-AMP.

2. What you will learn by performing this experiment?

 To analyze the triangular wave generator circuit.

 Learn how any shape of wave can be converted into triangular wave.
 How to simulate OP-AMP circuit using PSpice.

3. Apparatus:

Table 1: List of apparatus and components required.

Equipment Details
Sr. No. Equipment Specification Quantity
1. Regulated Power Supply 0-30V, Dual DC 1
2. Cathode Ray Oscillator 30MHz, dual trace CRO 1
Component Details

Sr. No. Component Specification Quantity

1. Operational Amplifier OPAMP IC 741 1
10 kΩ 2
2. Resistors
56kΩ 1
3. Capacitor 0.05µF 1
4. Connecting wire 23mm hook-up wire 1set

5. Bread-Board 1

Name: Shubham Yelekar Roll No:15EE1075

Class: TE Division: C Batch: C4
11 | P a g e
4. Theory:
A triangular can be simply obtained by integrating a square wave. The frequency of
the square wave and triangular wave is same. All though the amplitude of the square
wave is constant at Vsat the amplitude of the triangular wave will decrease as the
frequency increases. It basically consists of two level comparator followed by an
integrator. The output of the comparator A1 is a square wave of amplitude Vsat and is
applied to negative input terminal of the integrator A2 producing the triangular wave, this
triangular wave is feedback as an input to the comparator A1 through the voltage divider
R2 and R3.
5. Circuit Diagram-

Fig. 1: Triangular wave generator.

Name: Shubham Yelekar Roll No:15EE1075

Class: TE Division: C Batch: C4
12 | P a g e
 Fig. 2: Output wave forms.

2. Calculation:

R3
Vramp   VSat , where Vramp=output ramp voltage
R2

R2
f  , where f is the frequency of the output signal
4 R3 RC
3. Procedure:
a) Mount the circuit on breadboard as per the circuit diagram.
b) Calculate the theoretical value of Vramp & -Vramp from given formulae.
c) Observe the square waveform & triangular waveform at Vo1 & Vo2
respectively.
d) Measure the time period of the square waveform and triangular waveform..
e) Observe the Vsat & -Vsat of the output square waveform..
f) Observe the Vramp & -Vramp of the output triangular waveform..
g) Compare the theoretical value of +Vramp & -Vramp with practical values.

4. Observation Table:

Output Voltage of Square Wave and Triangular Wave output ( Reading on CRO)

Table 2: Observation table to measure voltage of output waveform.

Wave form No. of VO = (No. of Divisions) ×
Output volt/div
Cycle Divisions (volt/div)

Positive 2.9 5 +Vsat= 14.5 V

Square Wave
Negative 2.6 5 -Vsat=13 V

Name: Shubham Yelekar Roll No:15EE1075

Class: TE Division: C Batch: C4
13 | P a g e
 Positive 0.5 5 Vramp =2.5 V
Triangular Wave
Negative 0.8 5 -Vramp= - 4.0V

Time period and frequency of Square Wave and Triangular Wave output (Reading on
CRO)
Table 3: Observation table to measure frequency output waveform.
TO = (No. of Div.)
Output No. of Divisions time/div Freq.=1/TO
×(time/div)

Square 0.1
3.9 div 0.39 ms 2.56 kHz
Wave ms/div

Triangular 0.1
3.9 div 0.39 ms 2.56 kHz
Wave ms/div

Table 4: Observation table to measure voltage and frequency output waveform.

Square Wave output Triangular Wave output
Sr.No. Output wave parameter
Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical

1 Time period (ms) 0.36ms 0.39 ms 0.36ms 0.39 ms

2 Frequency(kHz) 2.8kHz 2.56 kHz 2.58kHz 2.56 kHz

3 +ve amplitude(V) +Vsat= 13 14.5 Vramp= 2.58 2.5

4 -ve amplitude(V) -Vsat= -13 13 -Vramp= 2.3 4.0

5. Plots / Graphs
Draw the output square waveform and triangular waveform with proper scale on graph
paper. Mark the values of Vramp & -Vramp.

6. Result: (It should be specific)

Mounted the triangular wave generator circuit on bread-board. Observed the output
waveform of comparator circuit and integrator circuit. Compared the output triangular
waveform parameters value with the designed or theoretical value.

Name: Shubham Yelekar Roll No:15EE1075

Class: TE Division: C Batch: C4
14 | P a g e
 Fig. 3: Output of triangular wave generator observed on CRO.
7. Conclusion:
The triangular wave generator using operational amplifier (OP-AMP) was studied. The
voltage and frequency of waveform is verified practically.

Name: Shubham Yelekar Roll No:15EE1075

Class: TE Division: C Batch: C4
15 | P a g e