ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We record our sincere gratitude to Mr. Beyene G. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering for
assigning us the project “CHAIN DRIVES AND GEAR DRIVES”. His encouraging
attitude and continuous guidance made it possible to understand the project better & its
fulfillment. It is not possible to acknowledge sufficiently his important contribution of
talent and time given unselfishly in proceeding with this work. His constant voice of
advice and constructive criticism has been our source of inspiration. We wish to record
our heartfelt gratitude to our project coordinators some mechanical engineering students
for helping us at each and every step in bringing out this report.
 ABSTRACT
All manufacturing enterprises strive to develop the optimized product commonly by reducing the
weight while ensuring they produce cost effective products that meet their design functionality
and reliability. Structural optimization tools like topology optimization along with
manufacturing simulation are becoming attractive tools in product design process. These tools
also help to reduce product development time. As gears and drives are important elements in a
variety of industrial or commercial applications such as machine tool, vehicles, turbines, etc.
Objective of this investigation is to reduce weight of gear or drives. Reduction of weight has
been one the critical aspects of any design. It has substantial impact on vehicle performance,
fuel efficiency and in turn reduces the emissions. This work would focus on the Design space
offered by the component functionality while determining the nature and extent of the mass
reduction over the locations identified during Topology Optimization. Experimentation shall be
conducted for ascertaining Stiffness of the Gear and drives in the light of feasibility of the
Testing setup.
 CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION
Gear drive is a toothed wheel that engages with another toothed wheel or with a rack in
order to change the speed or direction of transmitted motion where as chain drive is a
mechanism in which power is transmitted from an engine to the wheels of a vehicle or a
boat’s propeller by means of a moving endless chain. These chain drive is a method of
transmitting power from the motor of a motor car or motor-cycle to the driving axle or
driving wheels by means of chains the links of which engage the teeth of sprocket wheels
which is distinguished from belt drives or shaft drives.
Gears are mechanical elements which are used for transmitting a synchronous motion
directly between shafts; these may be parallel or at any skew axis. Gears are the most
durable and rugged of all mechanical drives and can be used for transmitting high power
with high efficiency (up to 99% in the case of parallel shafts). The design of meshing
gears is complex especially if an optimum solution is required in an application. British,
American and ISO standards describe analytical techniques in much detail but they tend
to be rather daunting to the inexperienced and infrequent gear designer. Manufacturers'
catalogues, in contrast, often do not give adequate design information to enable a
thorough verifying analysis to be performed on the gears they produce. Frequently a
simplified analytical selection procedure is given but for a more comprehensive
explanation it is necessary to make reference to the appropriate standard for details.
1.1 Background
This chapter introduces the project as well as briefly describes the problem statements,
objectives and its scope. This chapter will also provide an overview of the project's
implementation. Method that allow for easy to drive and driving is the best method to be
applied in student’s design and build the project or mechanical construction model
because of a few factors. The students are constrained with the time allocated and also
need to work with the equipment and tools that will reduce the risk to harm them.
Furthermore, the project need to be slip afterwards that due to storage constraint' s and
some parts is needs to be recycled by and for the next group of students. This situation
reflects on the importance of sleep that become as a premise in product recycling and also
 established important link of product remanufacturing. Furthermore, recycling, reuse and
reduction of waste consider product slip pattern and modularity as a strategy to enhance.

1.2 Problem Statement

the drive assembly needs to be introduced. An innovative approach in improving
mechanical driving will be able to reduce the unnecessary process, increase safety aspect,
allow students to The conventional method of permanent driving such as belt drives,
chain drives and gear drives the structure shows some difficulties and drawbacks. To
overcome these issues, a new method for modify the dimension of parts, relatively easy
to drive, increase accuracy, reduce weight and reuse the parts. The key improvement in
this approach is by mating the parts for locating round features within a round tolerance
zone rather than the square traditional within a square tolerance zone. The mechanical
driver must meet the drives standard to signify the range of tightness or looseness that
may result from the application of specific combination of allowances and tolerance in
mating parts. Therefore, in this project the driver is designed to meet the specified
requirement. However in the driving performance criterion are measured based on
strength of the
drive. To avoid unnecessary experimenting during the design process, a numerical model
is the best option to be used. This is because the computer models can be used to make
simulations and also prediction, uncertainty analyses or sensitivity studies .The finite
element analysis (FEA) is one of the tools used to solve this type of problem. The
developed numerical model, analyses the strength of mechanical assembly on which is
then validated by experiment.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
1.3.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVES

The objectives of the project are as follows:

I. To design and validate DRIVES based on the needs and the design efficiency.
ii. To perform design of drives
iii. To validate the drives and hence the gear drives experimentally

1.3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

1.3.3 To design chain drives and gear drives.
1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATIOS

The scopes of this project are as follows:

i. The drives are designed to joint one shaft with specified standard by using drive manual.\
ii. The gear fastener fabrication will be done by the used of Didactic CNC Lathe machines and
Conventional Lathe available in the workshop after machine capability is studied and understands.
iii. The limitation of this project is that the drives will only be fabricated to match the hollow tube.
 The belts or *ropes are used to transmit power from one shaft to another by means of pulleys
which rotate at the same speed or at different speeds. The amount of power transmitted depends
upon the following factors:
1. The velocity of the belt.
2. The tension under which the belt is placed on the pulleys.
3. The arc of contact between the belt and the smaller pulley.
4. The conditions under which the belt is used. It may be noted that
(a) The shafts should be properly in line to insure uniform tension across the belt section.
(b) The pulleys should not be too close together, in order that the arc of contact on the smaller
pulley may be
(c) The pulleys should not be so far apart as to cause the belt to weigh heavily on the shafts, thus
increasing the friction load on the bearings.
(d) A long belt tends to swing from side to side, causing the belt to run out of the pulleys, which
in turn develops crooked spots in the belt.
(e) The tight side of the belt should be at the bottom, so that whatever sag is present on the loose
side will increase the arc of contact at the pulleys.
( f ) In order to obtain good results with flat belts, the maximum distance between the shafts
should not exceed 10 meters and the minimum should not be less than 3.5 times the diameter of
the larger pulley.