FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY  
  DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY  
   
HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY LABORATORY
   
   
LABORATORY REPORT
   
COURSE CODE BNP 20103
   
EXPERIMENT CODE & TITLE MKSA – 04-PELTON TURBINE
   
EXPERIMENT DATE  
   
SECTION/GROUP NO.  
   

1.
2.
GROUP MEMBERS 3.
4.
5.

1.
LECTURER/ INSTRUCTOR
2.
   
SUBMISSION DATE  
   

RECEIVED DATE AND STAMP  

EXAMINER’S COMMENTS
 

   
 
               
CLO3: Display technically the given hydraulics and hydrology problems through laboratory tasks/project effectively (P4, PLO4)
Subattribute Leve 1 (Very Weak) 2 (Weak) 3 (Fair) 4 (Good) 5 (Very Good) Weight Score
l
Generation of Solutions P1 Not able to select Able to evaluate Able to evaluate Able to evaluate Able to evaluate 1  
appropriate alternative several solutions but several solutions and several solutions and several solutions and
solution. not able to select an able to select a clearly and accurately able to clearly and
appropriate solution solution that select alternative accurately select
with maximum partially solves a solutions without alternative solutions in
assistance. problem with assistance. detail.
minimum assistance.
Problem Identification P2 Not able to explain a Able to partially Able to explain a Independently able to Able to provide 2  
problem, even with explain a problem problem with explain a problem explanation of problem
assistance. with maximum minimum assistance. clearly without very clearly and
assistance. assistance. accurately.
Application P3 Not able to apply any Limited ability to Able to apply new Able to apply new Able to apply new idea 3  
new idea or knowledge apply new idea or idea or knowledge to idea or knowledge or knowledge to a
to a given problem. knowledge. a given problem to a given problem given problem and able
with assistance from independently. to propose alternative
lecturer or student. applications.
Analysis P4 Not able to organise and Finds difficulty in Able to organise Able to organise and Able to organise and 4  
analyse gathered organizing and and analyse gathered analyse gathered analyse gathered
information or data and analysing gathered information or data information or data, information or data,
fails to define the factors information or data but does clearly describe some clearly describe the
that contribute to the and finds difficulty in not clearly describe factors that contribute factors that contribute
problem/issue or explain explaining the factors the factors that to the problem/issue to the problem/issue or
the root of the problem. that neither contribute contribute to or explain the possible explain the root of the
to the problem/issue the problem/issue roots of the problem. problem.
nor explains the root or clearly explain
of the problem. the root of the
problem.

Lab Report Assessment Rubrics

Faculty: FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Section:    
Programme: BACHELOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY WITH HONOURS Group No:    
1
Course/Code: HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY LABORATORY LABORATORY/ BNP20103 Group Members: )
2
Experiment Title: )
3
)
4
)
5
 )

CLO4: Comply the ability to work in group ethically and effectively in order to solve problems given (A2, PLO5)
Subattribute Leve 1 (Very Weak) 2 (Weak) 3 (Fair) 4 (Good) 5 (Very Good) Weight Score
l
Work Responsibility A1 Does not follow the Follow the scope of Follow the scope of Follow the scope of Follow the scope of 1  
scope of work even work with close work and meets work and exceeds work and beyond
with close supervision supervision expectation expectation expectation
Foster good A2 No clear evidence of Able to foster Able to foster Able to foster good High ability to foster 2  
relationship ability to foster good relationship and work relationship and work relationship and good relationship and
relationships and work together with other together with other work together with work together
together effectively group members group members other group members effectively with other
with other group towards goal towards goal towards goal group members towards
members towards goal achievement but with achievement with achievement goal achievement
achievement. limited effect and some effect(s) and
require improvements require minor
improvements
Time Management A2 No attempt to complete Rarely completes Occasionally Completes work on Completes tasks ahead 2  
work on time. Not able work on time. Not completes work on time by taking of schedule by creating
to manage time. able to manage time time. Tries to manage advantage of the time a plan and scheduling
well. time. provided and by time to complete the
using time work.
management skills.
Effort A2 No effort to complete Minimal effort to Sufficient effort to Good effort to Excellent effort to 2  
task complete task complete task complete task complete task
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY LABORATORY

LABORATORY PAPER INSTRUCTION

Subject Code BNP20103

Experiment Code MKSA – 04

Experiment Title PELTON TURBINE

Section 1 2 3 4 5 6
                 

   
   

  STUDENT CODE OF ETHICS  

   
  FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY  
   
  DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY  
   
   
   

I hereby declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also admit to not
accept or provide any assistance in preparing this report and anything that is in it is true.
   
   
   
   
1
  ) Group Leader       (Signature)  
  Name :        
  Matrix No. :        
   
2
  ) Group Member 1       (Signature)  
  Name :        
  Matrix No. :        
   
3
  ) Group Member 2       (Signature)  
  Name :        
  Matrix No. :        
   
4
  ) Group Member 3       (Signature)  
  Name :        
  Matrix No. :        
   
                 
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY PAGE NO :
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EDITION : 1
TECHNOLOGY REVIEW NO : 1
HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 28/08/2018
TITLE : PELTON TURBINE AMENDMENT DATE : 28/08/2018

PELTON TURBINE

1.0 OBJECTIVE
To determine the characteristics of Pelton Turbine operation by using several speed
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY PAGE NO :
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EDITION : 1
TECHNOLOGY REVIEW NO : 1
HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 28/08/2018
TITLE : PELTON TURBINE AMENDMENT DATE : 28/08/2018

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the course, students should be able to apply the knowledge and skills they have
learned to:
 Understand the basic operating system of the Pelton turbine.
 Understand the factors which influence the efficiency of turbine.
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY PAGE NO :
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EDITION : 1
TECHNOLOGY REVIEW NO : 1
HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 28/08/2018
TITLE : PELTON TURBINE AMENDMENT DATE : 28/08/2018
3.0 THEORY

Turbines are classified into two general category impulse and reaction. In both types the fluid passes
through a runner having blades. The momentum of the fluid in the tangential direction is changed and so a
tangential force on the runner is produced the runner therefore rotates and performs useful work, while the
fluid leaves with reduced energy. The important feature of the impulse machine is that there is no change
in static pressure across the runner. In the reaction machine the static pressure decreases as the fluid
passer through the runner. For any turbine the energy held by the fluid is initially in the form of pressure.
i.e. a high level reservoir in a hydroelectric scheme. The Impulse turbine has one or more fixed nozzles, in
each of which this pressure is converted to the kinetic energy of an unconfined jet. The jets of fluid then
impinge on the moving blades of the runner where they lose practically all their kinetic energy. In a
reaction machine the changes from pressure to kinetic energy takes place gradually as the fluid moves
through the runner, and for this gradual change of pressure to be possible the runner must be completely
enclosed and the passages in it entirely full of the working fluid. The general relationship between the
various forms of energy, based on the 1st Law of Thermodynamics applied to a unit mass of fluid flowing
through a control volume (such as the turbine it self), is expressed as:

where V is the volume per unit mass of the fluid.

The first three terms of the right hand side represent the useful work Wa i.e.

where subscript 2 refers to the turbine outlet and subscript 1 to the inlet The term W a represents the actual
work produced in changing the energy stages of a unit mass of the fluid. This may alternatively be
presented as the total dynamic head H of the turbine, by converting the units from work per unit mass to
head expressed as a length:
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY PAGE NO :
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EDITION : 1
TECHNOLOGY REVIEW NO : 1
HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 28/08/2018
TITLE : PELTON TURBINE AMENDMENT DATE : 28/08/2018
4.0 EQUIPMENT
i) Pelton Turbine Apparatus

1. Spring Balance 2. Pelton Turbine 3. Tensioning Screw 4. Pressure Gauge 5. Spear Valve
(Nozzle) 6. Pulley

ii) Stop watch

iii) Tachometer
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY PAGE NO :
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EDITION : 1
TECHNOLOGY REVIEW NO : 1
HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY LABORATORY EFFECTIVE DATE : 28/08/2018
TITLE : PELTON TURBINE AMENDMENT DATE : 28/08/2018

5.0 PROCEDURE
Experiment : Turbine Characteristics

Objectives:

To study the characteristic curves of a Pelton turbine operating at a different flow rates with high head

Procedures:

1. Perform the general start-up procedures.

2. Then, fully open the throttle valve and allow the water to circulate until all air bubbles have dispersed.
3. Open and adjust the spear valve until 1.5 kgf/cm2 of inlet water head shown on P1 pressure gauge.
4. Tighten up the tensioning screw on the pulley wheel until the turbine is almost stalled (rotor just turning).
5. Note the value of the pulley brake on F1 value (this will be the maximum brake force value). Decide on
suitable increments in force to give adequate sample points (typically 8 points between minimum and
maximum brake force).
6. Slacken off the tensioning screw so no force is being applied to the turbine, i.e. Fb at almost minimum.
Record the volumetric flowrate (Q), force reading (Fb), water head (P1) and turbine rotational speed (N),
into the experimental data sheet. This represents the first point on the characteristic curve.
7. Note that the value read from the tachometer using photo method for turbine rotational speed will be
divided by half to get the actual speed value. This is because there are 2 reflective stickers on the surface
of the pulley.
8. Tighten the screw to give the first increment in force for the brake. When readings are steady enough,
record all the readings again.
9. Repeat step 7 above for a gradually increasing set of Fb values, i.e. increasing values of torque. The
final sample point will correspond to the turbine stalling.
10. The recorded set of data may now be used for analysis and to plot the Pelton turbine characteristics
curve.
11. Now decrease the volume flow rate to a new setting by changing the throttle valve position and at the
same time also change the spear valve position to maintain the pressure at 1.5kgf/cm 2. Repeat the taking
samples for gradually increasing valve of torque, as in step 5-10 above. Repeating this step will produce a
series of result sets of comparison.
6.0 RESULT AND CALCULATIONS

Experiment Data Sheet:

Experiment 1a

g= 9.81  m/s2
= 3.142
r= 0.04 m
= 1000 kg/m3

Flow rate Measurement Data:

V1 T1 T2 Q Q
(L) (MIN) (MIN) (LPM) (m3/s)

10 0.22 0.21

10 0.22 0.23

10 0.23 0.22

10 0.22 0.22
10 0.23 0.23
10 0.23 0.23

10 0.23 0.23

10 0.22 0.22

Pelton Turbine Experimental Data:

Prepared by: Nur Aini Mohd Arish Approved by: Prof Madya Dr Nor Haslina Hashim

Signature: Signature:

Date: 26 August 2018 Date: 26 August 2018