PROCEDURE OPTIMUM DOSE (PH CONSTANT)

1) Pour 500ml water discharge in each beaker.

2) Position each beaker at the jar test apparatus.
3) Fill the syringes with different quantities of alum fixed pH values at 6.5 using for each beaker
use H2SO4 (sulphuric acid) to decrease the pH value and use NaOH (sodium hydroxide) to
increase the pH value.
4) Label the beakers according to the alum dosage that is going to be added.
5) Mixing agitate at velocity 80 rpm for 1 minute.
6) Add proper quantities of Alum (mg/L).
7) Reduce agitation speed at 30 rpm for 15 minutes.
8) Kept in quite for sedimentation.
9) Observe the flock settling velocity for 10 minutes.
10) Take 25ml of clear liquid (being careful not to agitate the sedimented flocks).
11) Wash the turbidimeter container with distilled water and drain it before usage.
12) Fill the container with sample.
13) Evaluate the turbidity.
Jar test (Fixed Dosage, Different pH)

Procedure

1. Six 1-liter beakers were filled with 500 ml kaolin (clay) suspension (SS about 100 mg/L).
2. Burette was filled with 50 ml alum solution of concentration 2g/L.
3. Alum solution with dosage of 10 mg/L was added to the beakers.
4. H2S04 or NaOH was added into the beakers to yield final pH values of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and
the samples were mixed at high speed (80 rpm) for 1 minute.
5. Mixing speed reduced to 30 rpm and mixing continued for 15 minutes.
6. The stirrer was stopped, and the flocs let to be settled for 20 minutes.
7. Supernatant turbidity determined.
8. Graph of turbidity versus pH was plotted