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Answ€r all questions on the OMR answor sheel.

#r TANJONG KATONG GIRLS' SCHOOL

I A gaseous mixtur€ ot sthene, oxygen and sulphur
dioxida is passed through

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ths apparatus shown. Only one otitre gases il *ff".t"O,

8B PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 201 1

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fiiBure
SECONDARY FOUR 9as

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5072t01

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CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1 a.|{toqJi edium
hydrodcts bronino

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Friday 16 September 2011 t hour

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Which of the following is a property of the gas coilocted?

A lt burns with a yeilow flam6.

B

d
lt retights a glowing splint.
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES C lt turns limewater Chaky.
D ll turns acidilied potassium dichromate(Vl) solution green.

E
Answer all forty questions in this paper.
2 An experimenl was conducted on a sample of yellow crystals. The crystals
ar6 heated and th€ temperature is moasur€d every minute. The followlng
For each question, there are four possible answers A, B,
C and D. graph ls obtained.

l
Ch9lse the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil Temporatuts
on the s
OMR answer sheet,

a
Hand up the OMR answer sheet separatety.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

n y
a
Each correct answer wiil score one mark, A mark wiil not Tlme
be deducted for a wrong
anSwer.
Whal ls the arrangement and movement of th€ particles in the
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 14. region R - S?

D
Arr!ngqment ot panictes
A a regular
manner
B Loosery packed in a riil6m--
manner
pread far apart
D Some parlicles ,ia closety
This Qucstlon Paper conslsts packed in a regular manner
of :Lll prlnted pages, lncluding this page.
while some are loogely packed
in a random manner.
Movg@ent of partlcles
Vibrating about their fixed
oositions
Sliding over eaih other
illoving at high speed
Some parlicles are sliding over
each olher while some are
vibrating about their fixed
positions.

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i&*,*i &'1.,1,ri tr'
j:..
!;s;ii.,il . .3 L---."") []:.__jtr t"......_l t-- 1:
I

2
Doctors often need to analyse urine samples to help diagnose cerlain medtcal
conditions. Which of the following methods is commonly used to separate and 6 Which of the following statements concerning isotopes of the same element
identify amino acids? is/are corract ?

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A filtration B crystallization I They have the same boiling point and melting point.
c fractional disttllation D chromatography ll They have the same number of protons but with different number of
neutrons.

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lll lf one of the isotope reacts vigorously with oxygen, the other one will
4 The foilowing apparatus is commonly used to oxidise ethanol to ethanoic acid. also react with oxygen in the same way.

t
What is the purpose of the condenser?
I only B I only
c ll and lll only D t, ll and lll

a
Water out

c
7 Caesium is in Group I of lhe Periodic Table. Which of the following is not
true of the elemenl caesium?
condenser

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A It will form ions by losing 1 electron.
Water in- B It will react slowly with cold water to liberate hydrogen gas.
c The formula of ils nitrate is likely to be CsNO3.

d
D The compounds formed by caesium will be generally white in colour

E
Ethanol and acidified Chlorine and bromine are both in Group Vll of the Periodic Table, Which of
potassrum dichromate(Vl) the following statements aboul these elements is corect?
solution
Chlorine molecules have weaker attractive forces between the

l
Heat molecules compared to that of bromine molecules.
B Chlorine is less reaclive than bromine.
To prevent the escape of any unreacted ethanol. C Bromine will react with aqueous sodium chloride.

a
D
To prevent air from oxidizing ethanoic acid formed. D Chlorine atoms lose electrons more readily than bromine atoms.
c To prevent ethanoic acid from reforming back to ethanol.
D To prevent ethanol from being converted to ethene.

y
9 The outermost shell electrons in compound YZ2 are shown.
I
A'1 ,0 g of sample of solid iodine is placed in a tube, The tube is sealed after

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all of the air inside the tube is removed. The total mass of the tube and the O sks. cl I rtm
X dd66 d 2.M
soId iodine is 18.0 9.

A
B
C
17.5 s,
less than 18.0 g.
18.0 9.
a
iodine

D
heating, the total mass of the tube and its contents will be
tube

The tube is heated until the tube is completely filled with lodine vapour, After

Use the Periodic Table to find the number of neulrons in atom Y, which is in
period 3.

I
D more than 18.0 g. B 16
17
D 32

a
4
 10 The figure below shows a molecule of a herbicide ca|ed2,4,5_T which is often
used for weed control. How many pairs of shared electrons are present in 13 The symbol of an ion of an element is 45
Sc2*
one 21
molecule of the herbicide?
How many electrons does one atom of this element contain?

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Cl
19 B 21
I
H
tt-t'-
cr c 23 D 24

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c c a herbicide called
I ll ) a q--f
c 14 When 0.002 mol of a metal V was reacted wilh an excess of dilute

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.,/t\"- acid,
48 cmr of hydrogen at room temperature and pressure was produced.
Which
I one of the following is lhe correct equation for'the reactioni'
ocHrcoot-l

a
A 2V + 6H- ) 2yx' + 3Hz
12 B 2V + 2H' ) 2y'+ Hz

c
B 15
C 23 D
C V +2H')y2'+2H
30
D V + 2H-, V2'+ Hz

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11 The equation shows the reaction between oxide of element
Q and carbon. 15 Which of the following gases occupy the same volume at room temperature
and pressure?

d
2eO+C ) 2e+Co2 I 6.4 g of methane
What type of bonding are present in compound eO and element
I 16.0 g of argon
e? ilt 10.8 g of steam

E
comoound QO element Q I and ll only B I and lll only
ll and lll only D l, ll and lll
ionic covalent

l
B covalent covalent
c covalent metallic 16 .lf on heating wirh sodium hydroxide produce ammonia gas.
D ionic metallic f[l:1,:l
whtch ot the following can produce the greatest mass of ammonia?

a
A 0.2 mol (NH4)3P04
12

y
The table gives information about three solid substances X, y and Z. I 0.2 mol NH4CI
0.4 mol (NHa)zSOr
Tests on D 0.4 mol NH4NO3

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subslances x z
Electrical Non-conductor Good conductor Non-conductor in
conductivity in both solid and 17 f .25 9m3 sampte of dilute sulphuric acid contains 0.025

a
in botn solid and solid moles of the acid
liquid srate liquid states state but good What is the hydrogen ion concentration in the solution?
conductor
rn liquid state
A 0.25 mot/dm3
B

D
Hit with a No change Flattened easily 0.50 mot/dm3
Shattered
hammer C 1.00 mol/dm3
D 2.00 mot/dm3
What could these three substances be?

x z 18 Which of the following salts does not decompose on heating ?

sodium sulfur sodium chloride
B iodine copper methane A potassium nitrate
c silicon(lV) oxide sodium magnesium oxide
B sodium carbonate
D iodine zinc calcium oxide C ammonium sulfalb
D lead (ll) nitrate

L)r:jl,l.-.,]i,.,''':j-::.,:].'l"...:]I1l.),']l].]l
.'

23 When hydrogen peroxide is added to iron(ll) sulfat€ solution, the pale green
19 The table below shows the properties of four sulphates, Which one of the solution turns brown. This is because
following is likely to be lithium sulphate?

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A iron(lll) hydroxide is formed.
sulphate col o ur solubility in water method of preparation B the hydrogen peroxide is acting as a reducing agent.
of sulphate C rus^ting has occurred.-

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A White Soluble Metal + acid D Fe" rs oxidrzed to Fe, by hydrogen peroxide.
B White lnsolu ble Precipitation

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C White Soluble Soluble base + acid 24 Ammonia gas is produced industrially by the Haber process. Whlch of the
D White lnsolu ble Metal carbonate + acid following statements is not true with regards to the Haber process?

a
A High pressure is applied to increase the yield of ammonia.
?0 Which of the following methods cannot be used to prepare the lead salt B Nitrogen is obtained from the air.

c
listed below? C High lemperature is applied lo overcome the activation energy
O A catalyst is added to speed up the reaction.

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Method Name of salt
Add hydrochlorrc acid to lead(ll) lead(ll) chloride
hydroxide 25 Using the apparatus shown below, gas X was passed through the tub6

d
B Add nitric acid to lead(ll)carbonate, then lead(ll) iodide containing a cotton plug saturated with potassium bromide solution.
adq aqueous sodium iodide A coloured gaseous product was produced when the tube was warmed
C Add aqueous sodium carbonate to lead(ll) carbonate gently. The gas leaving the tube was bubbled into liquid Y and the gas was
decolourised eventually.

E
aqueous lead(ll) nitrate
D Add nitric acid to lead(ll) oxide Lead(ll) nitrate
GasX +

l
21 Samples of potassium chloride solutton were tested with Universal lndicator
and added to aqueous ammonia separately. Which of the followjng best
shows the observations for each of the tests? 6ton plug sturated with
potassium bromide solution

a
warmed gently wlth a Bunsen
Universal lndicator Aqueous ammonia flam6

y
vellow White precipitate
B qreen White precipitate Lrqurd Y
C qreen No visible reaction

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D violet No visible reaction
What could likely be gas X and Iiquid Y?

a
22 The reaction between bromide ion and bromate(V) ion is represented by the
following equation: Gas X Liouid Y
5Br' + BrO: i 6H' ) 3Br2 + 31116 A Chlorine Hexene
B Chlorine Aqueous iodine

D
Which of the following is true about the reaction? Fluorine Aqueous iron(lll) sulphate
D Fluorine Aqueous acidified potassium manganate(Vll)
Bromate(V) ion has undergone reduction.
o Bromide ion is the oxidizing agent.
C Hydrogen ion is reduced to water.
D The oxidation number of bromine in bromate(V) ion is +3.

7 8
 26 ln order to harness the power from waves, a company has been asked to
29 The following observations were made when some tests were carried out with
build a number of small bobbing units which float on seawater. The bobbing
the nitrate of metal M.
units are to fulfill the following requirements.
(i) A deposit of metal M formed wh6n an iron nail was placed into the

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lightweight, cotrosion reslstanl, cheap solution of the nitrate of metal M.
(ii) A brown gas was formed when the solid nitrate of metal M was heated
Which of the following substances would be best suited for this purpose?

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strongly.
plastic
(iii) When copper was placed into the solution ot the nihate of metal M,
o copper no change was observed.

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c aluminum D stainless steel
Based on the information given, predict the position of M in the reactivity
series?

a
Solutions of 1M silver njtrate and 0.5 M sodium chloride were prepared.
20 cm3 of silver nitrate solution and 30 cm3 of sodium chloride solution were above sodium between sodium and iron
mixed together in a beaker.

c
c between iron and copper D below copper

The ions in each of the initial solutions are shown below:

ooc

u
@ A sample of an alloy conlains two metals. An analysis of the alloy is ouilined
Na'I Cl- i Ag' NO:' 30
as shown in the diagram below.

d
Which of the following diagrams best represenls the panicles of the contents of Add dllute H2SO.
alloy Solution
the beaker after the Nvo solutions were mixed.

E
(water molecules are not shown)

Add
o@o aqueous

boo oc NH:

l
o
@
@
@ @
o@o Add excess
aqueous NHr
1.*o^ Mass of precipitate

a
Precipitate
.\ O- Q-
NOO decreases formed

y
ABCD
What are the two metals present in the alloy?

n
?8 The formation of hydrogen iodide from hydrogen and iodine is an endothermic A iron and zinc
reaction. B iron and ldaO
H-H +l-l

a
, H-l+H-t C iron and copper
D copper and zinc
What may be deduced from this information?

D
A The number of bonds broken is greater than the number of bonds 31 ln an electrolysis experiment, the same quantity of electricity deposited 25.6 g
formed. of copperand 157.6 g of a metal X. The relative atomic mass of metal X is
B The formation of H - I bonds absorbs energy. '197. What is the charge on the ion of metal X?
C The products possess less energy than the reactants.
D The total energy change in bond formation is less than thal in A 'l+
bond breaking. B2+
C3+
D4+

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,
il.tr {i- "' l E:^3tir{ irar.}, g::.j f':."-':-l fjt'_:, tr*:::t f-ii-} i:":-r::! r:.*-:it elfii11i a*^.."n E.-^,.1.i ,r.-..-"! .".-,r.F
32 ln an experiment, 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 sodium thiosulfate is added to 34 Which of the following energy profile diagrams shows the fastest exothermic
50 cm" of 0.5 mol/dmr hydrochlorrc acid. The equation for the reaction is as reaclion?
follows:
A8

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Na2SzO3 + zHCl ) 2NaC/ + S + SOz + HzO

After a while, the reaction stopped. What caused the reaction to stop?

o
A

i
Hydrochloric acid is used up.
B Sodium thiosulfate is used up.

t
C Production of a pungent gas called sulphur dioxide.
D An insoluble solid, sulfur is formed.

a
o
33 Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid.

c
Zn+ZHCI + Znctz * Hz

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Three experiments were performed using different volumes and
concentrations of hydrochloric acid but an excess ofzinc. The solutions used

d
were:

I 50.0 cm3 of 2,0 mol/dm3 hvdrochloric acid

ll 1OO cm3 of 1 ,0 molldm3 nydrochloric acid

E
lll 2OO cm3 of 1,0 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid 35 ln an experiment, a copper rod and a zinc rod are placed into a beaker of
dilute sulfuric acid as shown below. Bubbles of gas are produced around the
The graph shows the results. zinc rod only.

l
x copper zinc copPer zinc

a
Volume of Ends of bolh rods touch
hydrogen

n y Time / min dilute sulfuric acld

a
What happens when the ends of both rods touch each other?

All other conditions of the reaction being the same, which of the curves, X, y A No bubbles of gas collect around both rods.
or 2 corresponds to the solutions l, ll and lll? B Bubbles of gas collect around zinc rod only.

D
C Bubbles of gas collect around the copper rod only.
tilm D Bubbles of gas collect around both rods.
AXYZ
BZXY 36 ln Brazil, sugar cane is grown in large quantities for the purpose of
czYx manufacturing a fuel for car engines. Sugar contains the elements carbon,
DYZX hydrogen and oxygen, all of which are needed lo make

ethanol B methane
c petrol D diesel

11 12
37 The Down's cell is used for the industfial preparation of sodium and chlorine.
The reaction occurring in the Down's cell is
o .fl erI rt! ,r! rtl c
ac I aa
I ,1,
t I I I
2NaCl(l) ) 2Na(l) + Crr(g)

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The liquid that is in a Down's cell is a mixlure of CaCl2 and NaCl. The
:E I i6t ,dl I -, a
I *gl" rlc
CaC12 /NaCl mixture is used jnstead of pure NaCl because it

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'o! I .sl !sl't si r-ba
El IIti
enables the process to be carried out at a lower temperature. a

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B
c
improves the yield of chlorine.
has a higher melting point.
,-l_ .'1, otl EAI !6 I EEI BE J
D improves the purity of sodium produced.
7 c I I
.sl

a
o t- nA I ? 6t Ee! " 31, si -g
Petroleum gas is one of the fractjons obtained when crude oil is separated by

c
fractional distillation. Which statement about the petroleum gas fraction is
correct?
=El "il "dl :EI ?
th I eRl
at
oi, Id
Ia

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A All the molecules have the same molecular mass, a
rFl
I
rEl Eg,
8
!el I 61,
B All the molecules contain carbon and hydrogen only. E
C

d
The fraction boils at a fixed temperature. e
.e
.61 !81 E€! El oE I
ts
D The fraction is always a liquid at room temperature, rl & R a
o

ht rtl erl't t !
g EE I sEl €1"

E
39 HE
ot 6 t 'g
Butadiene can be obtalned by cracking butane. ln a crackrng process,
o E
8.70 kg of butane was used. Afier the reaction, 6.40 kg of brtadiene was
obtained. What is the percentage yield of butadiene?
.6t 9EI
f
!:I ,,,I, rl, ,9

HH tB
F

l
=.T
\---l
tc --l_ srtl rEi asJ
E
El. -'1,
Structure tr E
zL-Lr

a
H [rH 3
of butadiene ,51 fi opl* ,ri. EI I
-0
E
{
B

,fl

y
o,s rll 4l e

C
73.6 %
81.0 %
B 79.0 0k In
'.1 E
I
I

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D 93.1 %
"'lo ,2, IFI !(3 I
t
eFl .t

a
40 Carbohydrates can be converted to poly(ethene) in ditferent stages as shown.
Which of the following correcily labels the processes, X, y and 2?
.Fl .ol, ETI t
T
N

xYz ,El. t> tI !sl N{l

IE

D
Carbohydrate ) Glucose ) Ethanol, Ethene, poly(ethene) t H* iF
z
-sl 'rl, ,sl I t(b !61 ndl Ef
a t I
A E{
B
Photosynthesls Reduction Oxidation
-rl oIl "l ,€1" gsl 4
I
Fermentataon Dehydration Addition polymerjsation .BE
C
Oxidation Dehydratron Addition polymerisation
D
Fermentation Dehydrogenation Condensation polymerization

't3
14
 Class No Section A (50 marks)
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

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Candidate Name
Al lndicate whether each of the following statements is 'True'or 'False'

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TANJONG KATONG GIRLS' SCHOOL (a) Covalent molecules are generally more volatile than ionic compounds
#;, because covalent bonds are much weaker than ionic bonds.

ffi
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[1]
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION, 201 1
SECONDARY FOUR

a
(b) Natural rain water has a pH of 5.6 as it contains dissolved carbon
dioxide

c
t1l

5072t02 CHEMISTRY (c) Metals are oxidizing agents because lhey lose electrons during a

u
PAPER 2 chemical reaction.

d
t1l
Wednesday 14 September 2011 t h 45 min (d) Caesium has a higher melting point lhan lithium because the atomic
size of caesium is larger than lithlum.
tll

E
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Write your name, class and index number in the spaces at the top of this page and on all A2 (a) When lithium reacts with oxygen, it forms an ionic compound.

l
separate answer paper used. Complete the diagram below, using arrows to show how the electrons
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for are lransferred to form lithium oxide.
any diagrams, graphs or rough workrng. Do not use highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
t31
-

a
Section A
-o..
Answer all the questions.

y
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.
aLt 5 i
Section B

n
Answer all three questjons, the last question is in the form either/or,
Write your answers on the lined paper provided. +
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. o

a
Hand up Sections A and B separately.
For Examiner's Use
\l
i, q..:.., i,

D
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES Section A
810
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of
each question or part question. 811
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 16. 812 Explain why the ratio of the ions is 2:1 in the ionic compound.
Total

This Question Paper consists of '16 printed pages, lncluding this page.

2
 (b) Carbonyl chloride has a structural formula as shown below. (b) T*o Russian-born scientists, Andre Geim
and Konstantin Novoselov

n
cr have won the Nobel Prize tor Physics in 2010 for their discovery of
graphene.
O=C

it o
The structure of graphene, as shown below, is a two dimensional layer
\", of carbon atoms bonded in an indefinite assembly of hexagonal lattite.

Draw a diagram that shows the arrangement of the outer electrons in [2]
one molecule of carbonyl chloride.

a
Use x for an electron from a chlorine atom.
Use o for an electron from a carbon atom.

c
Use o for an electron from a oxygen atom.

It can be exlracted from graphite by such simple means as sticking

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and pulling it out with a scotch tape.

d
(i) Based on the structure of graphene, predict whether graphene 12)
conducts electricity. Explain your answer.

l E
y a (ii) How is th€ structure of graphene different from that of graphite and 12)

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diamond?
43 (a) Elements in Group 0 were originally thought to be totally unreactive,
However, in 1962 the fust compound of Xenon was made but it was

a
not until 2000 that the firsl compound of Argon was made.

What does this order of discovery suggest about the reactivity of these

D
two elements in Group 0?
t2l
How would you account for this order of discovery?

3
4

t-'-- l*,::::l--*j[-::}f,]..]jL-.-.j':....,:)r.':5rj]r;5:,:"..i]l:.]]..1r.".j.-tf{]:l:?lli!
A4 Many glass cleaners contain solutions of dilute ammonia, (ii) the original sample of glass cleaner t1l

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An experiment was carried out to find oul the concentration of ammonia in
one such cleaner as follows:

io
25,0 cm3 of the glass cleaner was diluted to 250.0 cm3 in a volumetric
flask. 25.0 cm3 portion of the diluted solution were transferred to a

t
conical flask and titrated against 0,200 mol/ dm3 hydrochloric acid until
the end-point was reached,
The following results were obtained: (e) Suggest a reason why the glass cleaner is diluted before titration is t1l

a
carried out.
Titration number 1 2 3 4
Final burette readinq / cm r

c
29.3 30.0 29.8 29.7
lnitial burette readinq / cm l 0.0 1.3 1.0 1,1

u
(a) Write the balanced chemical equation with state symbols for the t1l A5 ln order to study the rate of reaction between zinc and sulfuric acid, a data-
logger anached to a temperature sensor was placed in a styrofoam cup

d
reaction.
filled with a volume of 1.0 mol/dmr sulfuric acid.
In experiment 1, zinc powder was added in excess to the acid and the
temperature change was captured by the data-logger for a short period of

E
time.
(b) Neutralisation takes place at a pH range from 3 to 5. Name an t1l
appropriate indicator for the titration. A graph of temperalure against time is shown in the diagram below.

l
Temperature

a
(c) Based on the titration results, calculate the average for the volume of t1l
in styrofoam
the hydrochloric acid used. cup /'C I
.;

y
::ii::i

a n
(d) Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm3 of ammonia in t3l
(i) the diluted solution of glass cleaner. /
,

D
,ii.r

Time / mins

5 6
 (a) Write the equation for the reaction and state whether it is an
t2l Ab Duralumin (mixture of aluminium and magnesium) and steel are both
exothermic or endothermic change.
useful alloys that can be used to construct parts ofthe air-plane.

n
(a) By comparing one similarity and one difference in the property of

io
duralumin and steel, explain which material would be more
appropriate to buitd the main body of the plane. pt

t
(b) The experiment was repeated three times, bul with only one change

a
in
the conditions in each experiment. The table shows the condition
changed for each experiment.

c
Experiment Change in conditigns

u
2 2.0 moUdm'hydrochloric acid of the same volunre
used (b) The following investigation is carried out to determine the percentage

d
mass of magnesium.
3 1.0 mol/dmJ ethanoic acid oJ the sanre votunre useO Excess aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to duralumin to dissolve
the aluminium in the alloy according to the equation.

E
4 with a small amount of copper (ll) sulfate as catalyst
2Al(s) + 2NaOH(aq) + 6HzO(t) + 2Na[Al(OH)aXaq) + 3Hz(9)
t3l

l
(i) Sketch on the same axes on the previous page, the graphs you would 5.4 g of duralumin powder is added to 95 cm3 ol Z.O M aqueous
expect for Experiment 2,3 and 4. Label your graphs clearly. sodium hydroxide. Calculate the percentage mass of magnesium in

a
duralumin.
t3l
(il) Explain why although the addition of copper (ll)sutfate speeds up the
I2l

y
reaction, it is not a good catalyst.

an
D
1
8

(-".'
A7 Mr Wong, the laboratory technician, forgot to label four samples of white solids; The diagram below is a shows a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.
ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate,

n
when he packed them in smaller reagent bottles.

By completing the flowchart, show how he can use simple tests to t6l

io
distinguish the four solids from one another.

t
Hz(s)
White solids

a
Add aqueous NaOH to Electrolyte Z
each solid and warm

c
F H2O(r) H2O(l) L'2

u
No ppt, gas turns No visible reaction
red litmus blue

Electrode X Electrode Y

d
Add Add

E
(a) The reaction that takes place at lhe electrode Y can be represented by
the half equation:

Oz(g) + +4e-+4OH-(aq)

l
2H2O(l)
t1l
Write a similar equation for the reaction at the electrode X.

a
Name of salts

y
A8 (b) Which of these reaction is a reduction reaction. Explain your answer. 12)

n
Real Time Engineering (RTE) this week officially launched its fuel-cell
power plant technology. lt converts biomass such as sawdust, palm oil,
fruit peels or plant waste into electricity - also known aS 'waste-to-

a
ln a demonstration of a smaller 100-kilowatt system, tomato juice is fed

D
into a reactor, where a catalyst converts it into hydrogen, carbon and
water, The extracted hydrogen is used to power the fuel cell, which in turn
produces electricity.

RTE s efforts in fuel-cell power technology were recognized when it won

the Prime Minister's Enterprise Challenge Prize in 2009.

fhe Stralts Times Juna 18 2011

(c) Name an appropriate electrolyte Z for this fuel cell. t1l

9 l0
 (d) Explain how electricity is being generated rn the fuel cell.
t2l Section B (30 marks)

n
Answer all three questions from this section.
The last question is in the form either/or and only one of the alternatives should be

io
attempted.

B 10 The following graph below shows the mass of common gaseous pollutants liberated

t
at different speeds of a molor car.
Mass of I

a
pollutant / g 4arbon
9
A9 One volume of methane is mixed with four volumes of chlorine in a boiling 7t monoxide

c
a
tube. The boiling tube is then inverted into a beaker containing a saturate-d 8

solution of aqueous sodium chloride. 1

The whole set-up is then irradiated under strong sunlight,

u
6

d
,r/ ,..ruong sunlight
/z/,, 4

CHa and 3
oxides

E
2

I hydrocarbons
Saturated brine

l
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 I l0 120 Speed of car
/ km h'l

a
After some time, the greenish-yellow colour slowly disappears and the level (a) Which pollutant has the highest rate of increase with the increase in
of saturated sodium chloride rises, At the same tlme, oily droplets are seen (i) speed from 50 km / h to 120 km /h? Exptain your answer.

y
inside the boiling tube. 12)

(a) What type of reaction have taken place in the boling tube when the
(ii) Account for the trend of the graph for carbon monoxide and

n
t1l hydrocarbon emissions as the speed of the motor car increases from
set-up is exposed to strong sunlight. 50 km / h to 120 km /h t3l

a
(iii) Name another pollutant commonly found in the exhaust of cars and
account for its emission.
(b) Write an equation to show the reaction that has taken place.
t1l Suggest how the amount of this pollutant would vary as the speed of
the car increases from 50 km /h to 120 km/h.

D
lZ)

(c) (b) Vegetable oils are organic compounds formed from carboxylic acids
What do you think has caused the level of saturated sodium chloride with long carbon chains. They are often converted to esters like
t1l
to rlse ? methyl carboxylates which have a lower viscosity than vegetable oils
and can be used to substitute diesel as fuels in cars and iir-planes.
CrzHge-C-O-CH3
o

ll t2
a

These biodiesels, as they commonly known, are considered to be t3l EITHER

more environmentally friendly compared to diesels. Suggest three

n
reasons why this is so. 812 Consider the following compounds. They can be used to form condensation
polymers.

it o
811 Amy wants to eleclroplate her copper spoon with silver metal. She sets up the Use the compounds to answer the questions that follow:
apparatus as shown below.

CHsCHCOOH CHz=CHCOOCH:
rl HOOC cooH

a
I

OH (c)

c
(,4) (B)

u
HOCH2CH2OH cH3cH2coocH3

d
(o) (E)
Silver spoon

(a) Explain the meaning of a condensation polymer tll

E
electrolyte
(b) Explain how condensation polymerisation is different from an addition [2]
polymerisation.

l
She is not sure whether to use aqueous copper (ll) sulfate or aqueous silver
nitrate as the electrolyte. (c) Suggest a pair of molecules which can form a condensation polymer. l2l
Write formula of the polymer.

a
(a) Which electrolyte should Amy use to plate the spoon?
(i) Wilh the help of relevant equations, describe the process that takes
(d)

y
place at each electrode.
t4l Suggest a single molecule which can form a condensation polymer t2)
by itself . Write the equation for the formation of the polymer.
(ii) State what happens to the concentration of the electrolyte after some [1]

n
time, Give a reason for your answer.
(e) Suggest a molecule which can form an addition polymer. Write the t2)
(b) After some time, she disconnecls the circuit and replaces another

a
equation for the formation of the polymer.
(i) copper spoon. The copper spoon rs then left in aqueous silver nitrate
for quite a while without switching on the circuit,
State what can be observed atter some time. Explain your answer. L2) (0 Compare the three polymers suggested in (c) to (e). Which of them t1l

D
is likely to be the most corrosion resistant?
(ii) Curious to expenment further, she sets up another experiment t3l
similar to that of (b) (i) without the battery but a voltmeter is
connected in the circuit. She immediately notices a deflection in the
voltmeter,

Explain why a deflection in the voltmeter is observed. Give relevant

ionic equations lo show lhe reactions at each electrode.

ll t4
 o "fi o ot
NZ' 3rl dY
e
E*! cl
tE Eii- JI
E

I3
o-! I
OR
812 (a) Propyl propanoate, an ester with a fruity odour similar to bananas
Pu I sot^ E6 E
xl
&
P! -t <l S r'l<o *is

n
and pineapples, can be synthesized using two organic reactants. I E

Give the formula of the reactants and describe how the synthesls o t
o
5
U) t
d
od,
na , R.o
E

o-
o E
-F!
Ei !

can be carried out in the laboratory. =

io
t4l
:zl T
;o- F<
!

t s3 t
R6l F -E
9uJE
trt
tI Eo

t
(b) A gaseous compound X contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
100 cm' of X are mixed with 500 cmJ of excess oxygen. On complete
combustion and after cooling back to room temperature, the resulling
0"5 Ri, g xo
-o
,E
I
a@r Ffi -l
pffa ug

a
I
volume of the reaction mixture is 400 cmJ. When passed over j
j
E
.E
aqueous potassium hydroxide, the volume of the reaction mixture is :ci3 o -E
t *T
(J! o
=.o3. "pi*

c
further reduced to 200 cm3. I l

"i* i@
o
(i) What are the products of comptete combustion of compound X? h C9 Np
E
a eo! -I35 !

u
t1l @Ni
I :
E
:FE col
E
(ii) What is the purpose of passing the reaction mixture through aqueous [1]
pe; EI e

d
potassium hydroxide? .f
6() c EA3 Esi63 oa- o
E

(iii) What is the volume of the unreacted orygen? a

tlj T
a
E
.-E
Prlf,o -E
ET
E,i6 o!s

E
, PE E
6
(iv) What is the volume of the oxygen used in the combustion reaction ? tll 'io
E
E t
(v) Given that the relative molecular mass of X iS 46, deduce the t2t
Bs3 OE
=n 3
E 6,n el(g

l
molecular formula of X.
E , o
.I
.I
o q 5 ET
6[! =J
:d 5
C o t o-E z$.
"'E

a
(, o
F
*'io
E -9
o
3s t o o r9t 5
E

y
F x. t
:3 8 lo
zo
co
E r o
I
8€ .T,
ol

n
B6 E E= P
I :o- E
f

a
E
F
6> -ol
6Zl
z
E.o t
I
F
3st ftFl
E E
? oN t

D
N?l E
! I F 5T
?
F
t
€ a E E
I g
E
g> E.: N:I
F t E E
'c n
o
.3 { x
e
n>
-o
i -ro:oE 36 E

E
6
!81 sfl '6
c

l3 I
e
tsJ
E
-N
Nz 3:<l,TO oD
6d tI E
I E
a o
ts

l5 l6

1 ,', ''! !:, -l

,l
I

TanJong Kalong
I Glrlr, School
Prellm Examlnatlon 20il order to stable sttuctur€, it m
Since tho ti-&E-hatonlv one valence
z Li alorns will be needed.

n
Ghemlstry 5072
Hence ratb o ts 2:
Papor 1

io
x an a alom. m-
1 B 11 D 21 C 31 A o for an electon from a calton
atom, number ot
c 22A 32A o for an el€cbon from a oxygen

t
2 B 12 alom. electnonB
3 D 13 B 23D 33D o
1 m tor correct
4 A 14 D 24C 348 shering

a
5 c 15 A 25A 35D
6 c 16 c 26A 36A
27c 37A

c
7 B 17 D
8 A 18 B 28D 388
I B 19 c 29c 398

u
10 c 20 A 30A 408

d
Paoer 2

Sectlon A

E
Qn No
A1 (a)

l
False
1m Argon more unreactlve
m

a
4 marte Xenon has S shells and tho outormGl
olgctrons are more easlly 1m
moved during chemlcal reacllons comparcd

y
42 (a) lo EI00D vrtlch has
l'its oi/t6hr,osi uieuirurrt ars moro attracreo to [s
arof8

n
alomE.
1m
atoms, on€ electron vi,hlch ls responslble for tho

a
conductlon of €leclrlci&.
2- 1m

+ m

D
o
'[*-'
1m

I
]
I
I

t'
I
I

Aa(a) HCI(aq) + NHs(aq) NHaCI(aq) '1 m

-r C12 for ln@troct
state 6vmbol)
A5 Zn + HzSOr ---+ Zn SOr a Hz 1m

n
(b) Methyl orange / screened methyl orange 'l m (a) Exolhermic reaction
1m
(b) (i) 1 m each

o
(c)
)mperatu for conect

i
I Titralion number 1 4
e in slope and

t
yrofoam height
rploC
28.8

a
Average volume HCI (aq)= )2{,7 + 2p.8 + 28.6) / 3 1m

c
= 28.7 cmo
(d)(i) Mole ratio: Exr

u
No, of moles of NHg = 1
No. of moles of HCI1

d
Vol of NH3 X conc of NH3 = Vol of HCI X conc of HCI 1m

0.025 dm3 X conc of NH3 = 0.0287 dm3 X 0.20 M

E
conc of NHr = 0.0287 dm3 X 0.20 M 1m Time / mins
oo2td;r- (ii) dlsplaces coooer from 1m
= O.2296 moU dm3 1m

l
tor
= 0.230 mol/ dm3 (to 3 sf)
(do nol dgducl
nol 3 s0 This may the temperalure change of the reaclion. 1m

a
was 1
Sub-tolal 7 marks
A6 Duralumin, a mixture of aluminium and magnesium would be a 1m

y
r.a) betler malerial to build the body of th€ alrplane because
Conc of undiluted NH3 = 2.296 mol/ dm" im aluminium has a low densitv compared to steel and hence make %m
= 2.30 mol/ dm3 6o 3 sf; (do nol deduct
nol 3 8f)
tor
the weight of the plane lighter.

n
Both duralumin and steel are allovs so they are stronq buildinq Yzm
(e) Withoul dilutlon, the volume of HCI used would be very large. 1m

a
materials.
Sub-tota 8 marks (b) No.of molesottrtaottffi
' = 0.19 moles

D
Since the mole ratio of Al: NaOH is 1:1
No. of moles of Al = 0.19 moles
Mass of Al = 0. '19 X 27 g
= S.13 9 1m
Mass of Mg = 5.4-5.13= 0.27 g 1m

percenlage mass of Mq in duralumin = 0.27 I 5.4 X100 % 1m

.1
4
 = 5o/o
Sub-total 5 marks
A9(a) Subslitution reaction 1m

n
White solids possible ans (b) Any
(accept CHa + 91, CH3CI + HCI sub€titutlon
Add aqueous NaOH to each -+ rdaction

it o
sall solution and warm logical ans)
accaptablol m
(c) Chlorine qas and methane gas ls used up 1m
Sub-total 3 marks

No ppl, gas turns No visibl€ Secllon B

a
red litmus blue
810 Nitrogen oxides 1m

c
Add Ag(NOr)z Add m for
(aXi) When the speed of the car increas€s, lhe englnes gets hotter
with HNO. nitrate HNOl corr€ct and the high temoerature causes the nitrogen and oxvqen in tho 1m
air to react to form nltrooen oxides.

u
for
tesl
(ii ) Carbon monoxide production is hlgh at low speed when the
'viirite ppi 'iv

d
i.,,lo ppt E;isr vegcenLe, hiiu ppi angtnB ts ltrst started because th€re is llttle oxvo€n flow to mix rim
no ppl wilh the laro€ amounl of fu€l and the catalylic converter has not
yet reached th€ op€rating temperafur€,

E
'1 m each for
Ammonium ammonium sodium sodium c0116ct As the speed of the car increases from 50 km/h to 80 km / h, the Yzm
chloride nitrate carbonate sulphate obs€rvalion
and salt

l
reducing the production carbon
Name of salts and hydrocarbon.

a
Sub-total 6 marks
The car is functionino most efiicientlv at 80 km/ h. hence the 1m
oroduction ol carbon monoxido is the minirnum.

y
A8 2H2(g) + 4oH'(aq) -r 4Hro(l) + 4e' 1m
(a) When the speed of the car increases from 80 kmih to 120 km/h,
oz(g) + 2Hzo (l) + +e' combustion takes place in a fast rate and lhere is insufficient /"m

n
(b)
-> 4OH"(aq)
is a reduction r€action because electrons are taken in by oxygen
1m
1m
time for oetrol to bum sufficlentlv in oxvoen. This results in
incomolete combustion, causing the amount of carbon monoxide Yrm
or ths oxidation number of oxyg€n d€creasos from 0 in oxygen

a
to lncrease drastically and unbumed hydrocarbon to increase
to -2 in OH'
gradually.
(c) Aqueous sodium hydroxide 1m
(iii)

D
Sulfur dioxide 1m
(d) At the hydrogen electrode, electrons are released. lrm As the soeed of the car increasee from 50 km/h to 80 km / h, the Yzm
Elecl[ons move in the external circuit to the oxygen electrode. 1m
amount of sulfur dioxide remains at a low level since the sulfur is
At lhe orygen electrode, €l€clrons are lakon in. Yzm
not bumed al a low temp€rature.
The movement of electrons in lhis manner results in a constant
As th€ speed of the car increases from 80 km/h to 1 20 km / h, Yzm
supply of elochicity.
th6 €ngine gets hotler and the amount of sulfur dioxide would
incroase oraduallv as sulfur comblnes wlth oxyoen,
Sub-total 6 marks

5 6

,t

1,
(0

!
(b) Burning of biodiesels is considered carbon neulral as carbon 1m
dioxide is used during pholosynthesis for plant growlh whereas

n
812 Condensation polymei is a large molecule formed when 1m
buming of diesel (from crude oil) adds carbon dioxide in the (a) monomers join together wilh the elimination of small molecules.
atmosphere.

io
1m (b) Condensation potym %m
Unlike diesel which contains sulfur, biodiesel do not contain different functional orouos such that a small molecule is v, m

t
sulfur and would not oroduce sulfur dioxide pollution. removed durino polymerization.
'1m
Combustion of biodiesel is more complete / produces less sootv Addition polymerization invohres ooenino doublo bonds and

a
Yz,m
flame / biodiesel is more biodeqradable. joining the monomers, molecules are not lost during %m
Sub-total 10 marks polymerizalion.

c
811 Amy should use aqueous silvsr nitrat6.
(aXi)
1m (c) Molecule (A) i 1m

u
At the anode :Silver oxidised to for silver ions in the electrolyte lzm ) 1m

AS(s) Ag-(aq) + e'

+. HzCHzOC
ll r-z
C

d
1m
ll

Al the cathode (coooer) : silver ions is reduced to silver

o o ),
%m
Or

E
where n is a large number
Ag.(aq) + €- r--_-+ AS(s) 1m

(ii) There is no change in the concenlration of the electrolyte

r\
l-
Y?m
-tn{a}fiocH,cH,o

l
because the silver ions from the electroly,te discharged at lhe
cathode are reolaced by the ions that dissolvod at the silver
anode.
/zm
[o o ),

a
(b) The colourless silver nitrate solution tums blu6./ Tho copper 1m (d) Molecule (B). 1m

y
(i) spoon decreases in mass.
1m ( ctt, \
Copper, which is more reactive lhan silver, displaces silver to nCH3CHCOOH 1m

n
form coppe(ll) nitrato solution which is blue in colour. | -----;
+*t,.o+_ +nHzO
OH
(ii) Copper, being more reactive than silver gives out eleclrons and Yrm
\)n

a
serves as the nogative electrode. (e)
Cu(s) Cur-(aq) + 2e' 1m Molecule (C)
-----r 1m
H

D
The electrons move through the external circuit to the positive lzm I
silver electrode. nCH2=C11gg96r.
Ag*(aq) + e' -----* AS(s) 1m 1m
c
The movement of electrons causes the deflection in the
n
voltmeler.
Sub-total 10 ma*s (0 Addition polymer formed in (e) 'lm

7
I
 OR

n
6tz Reactants:
(a) Propanoicacid CHsCHzCOOH 1m

io
Propanol CH3CH2CH2OH 1m

t
Propanoic acid and propanol is heated with a few droos of 1m
concentrated sulfuric acid. The mixture is poured over water. %m

a
Propyl propanoate is the oilv laver above water and can be /.m
separated using a separating funnel.

c
(b) Volume of 02 before reaction =500

u
Volume of COz and excess Oz = 400 cms
Volume of COz produced = 20A cm'

d
(i) Products of completo combuslion are and water/ 1m
st€am

E
(ii) Potassium hydroxide is used to absorb all the carbon dioxide 1m
produced in the reaction.

iii) Volume of unreacted oxygen = (400-200) cmr = 200cmr '1m

l
(

(
(iv) Volume of the oxygen used in the combustion reaction =300 cm3 1m

a
(v) One volume of X reacts with 3 volume of 02 to produce 2 volume
ofCOz

y
One mole of X reacts with 3 moles of O2lo oroduce 2 moles of ,Am
99r

n
X must be a two-carbon alcohol with Mr 46. %m
The molecular formula of X = is CaHsOH 1m

a
Sub-total 10 marks

D
! 0

li