ANTENNA FOR ULTRAWIDEBAND APPLICATIONS WITH

WLAN BAND NOTCH CHARACTERISTIC

Girish Awadhwal, Second Author*2, Third Author#3
#
First-Third Department, First-Third University
Address Including Country Name
1
girish.awadhwal.ece10@itbhu.ac.in
3
third.author@first-third.edu
*
Second Company
Address Including Country Name
2
second.author@second.com
Abstract—In this Paper, a coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed
arbitrary shaped antenna is proposed for ultrawide band
(UWB) application which has large band-width, covering
the frequency band from 2 to 12 GHz. The antenna is
consisting of a slotted patch, coplanar waveguide with two
asymmetrical ground planes, and embedded slot on the
radiating patch. The embedded inverted U shaped slot on
the patch rejects the WLAN frequency (5.15-5.82 GHz)
from the UWB spectrum. Parametric study of the shape
parameter has been carried out for the optimization of the
UWB with band notch characteristics.
Keywords— Coplanar Waveguide (CPW), Ultrawide Band
(UWB), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Band Notched
Characteristic
I. INTRODUCTION
SINCE the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) first
approved rules for the commercial use of ultrawide band
(UWB) in 2002 [1], the feasible design and implementation of
UWB system has become a highly competitive topic in both
academy and industry communities of telecommunications. In
particular, as a key component of the UWB system, an
extremely broadband antenna will be launched in the
frequency range from 3.1–10.6 GHz, which has attracted
significant research power in the recent years [2]. Challenges
of the feasible UWB antenna design include the UWB
performances of the impedance matching and radiation
stability, the compact appearance of the antenna size, and the
low manufacturing cost.
Over the designated bandwidth of UWB system, there are
some other existing narrowband services that already occupy
frequencies in the UWB band, such as wireless local-area
network (WLAN) IEEE802.11a and HIPERLAN/2 WLAN
operating in the 5–6 GHz band. In some applications, UWB
antenna uses filters to suppress dispensable bands. However,
the uses of filters indeed increase the complexity of the UWB
system and lead to increase in cost. It is desirable to design the
UWB antenna with a notched frequency bands in 5–6 GHz to
minimize the potential interferences between UWB system
and narrowband systems. These UWB antennas with filtering
property at the 5–6 GHz band have been proposed not only to
mitigate the potential interferences but also to remove the
requirement of an extra bandstop filter in the system [4], [5].
This paper proposes a simple and compact CPW-fed planar
UWB antenna with a band notched characteristics in 5.5 GHz
(5–6 GHz). The band-notched operation is achieved by
etching slot in the rectangular metal radiating patch. It is
found that by adjusting the total length of the etched slot to be
approximately half-wavelength of the desired notched
frequency, a destructive interference can take place, causing
the antenna nonresponsive at that frequency. It is easy to tune
the notch center frequency with the change in total length of
the etched slot. Investigations on the total length of the etched
slot were performed by the electromagnetic software Ansoft
HFSS 11. The proposed antenna yields an impedance
Bandwidth of 3.1–10.6 GHz with VSWR<2, except the 5–6
GHz for IEEE802.11a and HIPERLAN/2 WLAN systems.
In this paper, a compact UWB antenna area of 36.5 mm by
32.5mm is first proposed. Simply by etching slot in the
radiating element, single band-notched characteristic from 5 to
6 GHz can be easily obtained. A single band-notched
characteristic for the proposed UWB antenna can be created to
reduce the potential interferences between UWB system and
narrowband systems. Details of the antenna design and
simulation are presented to demonstrate the performance of
the proposed antennas.
II. ANTENNA DESIGNS AND RESULTS
A. UWB Antenna Design and Results
Fig.1 shows the geometry and configuration of a UWB
antenna. The antenna was fabricated on h=1.6mm FR4 epoxy
substrate with dielectric constant , ɛr = 4.4 . As shown in the
figure, a rectangle radiator is fed by a 50 coplanar waveguide
(CPW) transmission line. However, unlike a conventional
CPW feed topology where two equal finite ground planes are
symmetrically situated on each side of the central feed strip, in
this design, two unequal sized coplanar grounds with
dimensions of L1×Wg and L2×Wg are used and are situated on
each side of the central feed line. The inverted-L shaped patch
has two side lengths, Lb and Ls, and an overall width, Wp. In
addition, a notch of width Wn and depth Ln is centrally
embedded from the top edge of the inverted-L patch element
to improve the antenna’s matching condition. To examine the
performance of the proposed antenna configurations in terms
of enhancing the dual bandwidth, the commercial software
Ansoft HFSS 11, is used for required numerical analysis.
Since both the antenna and the feeding are implemented on
the same plane, only one layer of substrate with single-sided
metallization is used, and the manufacturing of the antenna is
very easy and extremely low cost [3].
Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the proposed CPW-fed notched antenna
for Ultra wideband operation
Final antenna parameters are L=36.5mm , W=32.5mm ,
L1=14mm L2=29mm , Wf =7mm, g=1mm , Lb=19.5mm ,
Ls=6mm , Wp =28.5mm , L0=3.5mm , Ln=4.5mm, Wn=7.5mm
and t=0.39mm. Fig.2 shows the characteristics of the
simulated VSWR of antenna1 which is less than 2 for 2GHz
to 12GHz frequency band except for 5GHz to 6GHz WLAN
band . It is found that the input impedance of the simulated
antenna is well matched as the bandwidth covers the entire
UWB band (3.1–10.6 GHz)
2.1NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR UWB CPW – FED ANTENNA
A parametric study of the proposed slot antenna was carried
out in order to achieve UWB operation. To decrease the
complexity of the design, some antenna parameters are
selected to be fixed as shown in Fig.1. The effects of the gap
distance g, Feed line width Wf ,Small ground length L 1,Large
ground length L2,Patch left side length Lb,Patch right side
length Lb, patch width Wp,,notch length Ln,notch width Wn on
the antenna performance will be studied in detail in this
section.
Effects of variation of the gap width g :
Fig. 2. Illustrates the return loss plots of the UWB antenna for
different values of gap width, g. It is seen clearly that the
clearly that the lower cut of frequency dependence on this
parameter. The appropriate value of small ground length L1 is
selected as 14 mm.
Effects of variation of the Large ground length L2:
Figure 5 Illustrates the return loss plots of the UWB antenna
for different values of Large ground length L2. It is seen
clearly that the frequency dependence on this parameter. The
appropriate value of Large ground length L2 is selected as
29mm.
0
-10

Return loss(dB)
frequency shows heavy dependence on this parameter. The -20
appropriate value of g is selected as 1 mm. 28.5mm
-30
29mm
0 29.5mm
-40
-10
-50
Return loss(dB)

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
-20 Frequency(GHz)
.6mm
-30 .8mm Fig.5 Simulated return loss against frequency for proposed notched
1mm
1.2mm
antenna with Large ground length L2; other parameters are the same
-40 as in Fig.1
-50
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Frequency(GHz)
Effects of variation of the Patch left side length Lb:
Fig.2 Simulated return loss against frequency for proposed notched Figure 6 Illustrates the return loss plots of the UWB antenna
antenna with varying gap width g.; other parameters are the same as
for different values of Patch left side length L b. It is seen
in Fig.1
clearly that the lower cut of frequency dependence on this
Effects of variation of the strip width Wf :
parameter. The appropriate value of Patch left side length Lb
Fig. 3 Illustrates the return loss plots of the UWB antenna for
is selected as 19.5 mm.
different values of strip width Wf. The appropriate value of W f
is selected as 7mm. 0

0 -10

-20
Return loss(dB)

-10
Return loss(dB)

-20 -30
19mm
-30 7mm -40
7.5mm 19.5mm
8mm 20mm
-40 -50

-50
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
-60
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Frequency(GHz)
Frequency(GHz)
Fig.3 Simulated return loss against frequency for proposed notched
antenna with varying strip width Wf; other parameters are the same Fig.6 Simulated return loss against frequency for proposed notched
as in Fig.1 antenna with Patch left side length Lb; other parameters are the same
as in Fig.1
Effects of variation of the small ground length L1 :
-5 Effects of variation of the Patch left side length Ls:
-10 Figure.7 illustrates the return loss plots of the UWB antenna
-15 for different values of Patch right side length L s. It is seen
Return loss(dB)

-20 clearly that the lower cut of frequency dependence on this

-25 parameter. The appropriate value of Patch left side length Ls is
-30
13mm selected as 6 mm.
14mm
15mm
-35

-40
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Frequency(GHz)

Fig.4Simulated return loss against frequency for proposed notched

antenna with small ground length L1; other parameters are the same
as in Fig.1

Figure 4. Illustrates the return loss plots of the UWB antenna

for different values of small ground length L 1. It is seen
 0 0

-10
-10

Return loss(dB)
-20
Return loss(dB)

-20
-30 5.5mm
6.5mm
-30 6mm 7.5mm
-40
6.5mm
7mm -50
-40

-60
-50 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Frequency(GHz)
Frequency(GHz)
Fig.10 Simulated return loss against frequency for proposed notched
Fig.7 Simulated return loss against frequency for proposed notched antenna with varying notch Width Wn; other parameters are the same
antenna with varying Patch right side length Ls; other parameters are as in Fig.1
the same as in Fig.1
Optimized Structure:
Effects of variation of the patch width Wp: Figure.11 illustrates the simulated optimized structure of coplanar
Figure.8 illustrates the return loss plots of the UWB antenna waveguide feed arbitrary shaped patch antenna. The antenna
for different values of patch width Wp . It is seen clearly that characteristics show its significance in UWB applications.
the higher frequency dependence on this parameter. The -5
appropriate value of Patch width Wp is selected as 28.5mm.
-10
-5

-10 -15

Return loss(dB)
Return loss(dB)

-15 -20
-20
-25
-25
28mm -30
-30
28.5mm
-35 29mm -35
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
-40 frequency(GHz)
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Frequency(GHz) Fig.11 Simulated return loss against frequency for proposed notched
Fig.8 Simulated return loss against frequency for proposed notched antenna for optimized parameters in Fig.1
antenna with varying patch width Wp; other parameters are the same
as in Fig.1
2.2 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR BAND NOTCHED DESIGN OF
Effects of variation of the notch length Ln: UWB CPW – FED SLOT ANTENNA
Figure 9 Illustrates the return loss plots of the UWB antenna To achieve band-notched characteristics, slot is etched on an
for different values of notch length Ln. The appropriate value UWB antenna patch. The etched slot is intended to resonate at
of notch length Ln is selected as 4.5mm. certain frequencies at which the antenna is designed to exhibit
band-notched characteristics. Details of the design to generate
0
single-notched bands with central frequency of 5.5 GHz will
be studied in this section.
-10
Return loss(dB)

2.2.1 EFFECT OF SLOT LENGTH (L ) TO GENERATE NOTCHED 0

-20
BAND IN WLAN (5.5 GHz):
3.5mm
4mm
-30 As the total length of slot is 17.39mm, which has two equal
4.5mm
side arms of length L0, that varies from 3.3mm to 3.7mm due
-40 to which the centre frequency of the notched band varies. It
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Frequency(GHz) can be seen that the bandwidth of the notch remains almost
Fig.9 Simulated return loss against frequency for proposed notched fixed and the effect of the notch on VSWR varies between 5
antenna with varying of notch length Ln; other parameters are the and 6. From this result, one can conclude that the intensity and
same as in Fig.1 frequency of the notched band is controllable by changing the
length L0.As the length L0 increases from 3.3mm to 3.7 mm,
Effects of variation of the notch Width Wn: the centre frequency of the notched band varies from 5.6GHz
Figure 10 Illustrates the return loss plots of the UWB antenna to5.3 GHz. It can be seen that the bandwidth of the notch
for different values of notch Width Wn. The appropriate value remains almost fixed and the effect of the notch on VSWR
of notch Width Wn is selected as 7.5mm. varies between 5and 6. From this result, one can conclude that
the intensity and frequency of the notched band is controllable
by changing the length L 0.
7
3.3mm
6 3.5mm
3.7mm
Return loss(dB)

1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Frequency(GHz)

Fig.12 Simulated VSWR against frequency for proposed notched

antenna for optimized parameters in Fig.1

3. CONCLUSION
A new single-layer antenna topology based on the CPW-fed
Antenna for a Ultra-wideband operation has been presented
with numerical results. With the use of asymmetrical ground
planes for the CPW-fed structure, the proposed antenna has
Ultra-wideband characteristic. The effects of varying slot
length in the patch a WLAN frequency band rejection
property have also been examined.

References:
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Regarding Ultra-Wideband Transmission System FCC 02–48,” Federal
Communications Commission, 2002
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aperture antenna and band-notched designs,” IEEE Trans. Antennas
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Antennas
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