CHAPTER 9

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Education years and over. This is higher than the equivalent figure for Western Samar at 4 percent and just about equal
to the region with 5.1 percent but lower than the national average of close to 15 percent, indicating that the
In the census a person is considered literate when he can both read and write a simple message in any language city is still behind in the area of education.
or dialect. A person who cannot both read and write a simple message is illiterate. Also, a person is considered
illiterate if he an only read and write numbers or his own name or if a person can read but not write. Recently Table 9.1
School Enrolment
however literacy is requires more than the ability to read and write if one has to function well in society and
Calbayog City
advance his economic and social being. When one works in an office now for example he or she is also
expected to be computer literate and familiar with the modern information and communication technology NUMBER TOTAL TEACHERS PUPIL-
DISTRIC/SCHOOL OF ENROLMENT ASSIGNED TEACHER
that enables one to function more efficiently in the highly globalize and inter-linked new economy. SCHOOLS AUG. 31, 2002 DEC. 31, 2002 RATIO
A. Elementary 156 26,284 817 32.2
Calbayog District I 19 5,384 161 33.4
Based on the traditional measure the Philippines as of 2000 already had a high rate of literacy at 90 percent of Calbayog District II 25 4,379 136 32.2
the total population, which is equal to most of the industrial countries in the world. Unlike in the highly Calbayog District III 24 3,597 116 31.0
Oquendo District I 23 3271 107 30.6
developed countries however the high rate of literacy in the Philippines do not translates immediately to higher
Oquendo District II 39 2747 88 31.2
income of the Filipinos. This proves that literacy rate, which is defined generally to mean the ability to read Tinambacan District I 12 2961 94 31.5
and write, is not enough. Quality is also important. Tinambacan District II 14 3945 115 34.3
B. High School 10 6,346 158 39.9
Trinidad NHS 1 746 25 28.69
But while high literacy rate do not guarantee one to make a good living, lack of it or a very low literacy rate Tarabucan NHS 1 305 10 30.5
Oquendo NHS 1 755 21 35.95
make its harder for one to progress. Thus, Eastern Visayas which is found to be one of the lowest in terms of San Joaquin NHS 1 819 2621 39
the literacy rates among the different regions in the country is also one of the poorest with its average San Policarpo NHS 1 1643 41 40.1
Malaga NHS 1 599 14 42.8
household income in 2000.
R. Lentejas MSF 1 842 19 44.3
Pilar Nat'l. Agri. HS 1 322 7 46.0
As of the start of the new millennium Calbayog City already achieved a high literacy rate of less than the Mag-ubay NHS 1 215
Calbayog City HS 1 100
national average of 91 percent as of 2002. TOTAL 166 32,630 975 33.5
Source: DepEd
Highest Educational Attainment
Those with no grade completed counted for more than 10,000 or closed to 10 percent of the total population
In the census this refers to the highest grade or year completed in school, college or university, by persons 5 5 years and over in the city. The bulk, close to 60 percent only had elementary education while the rest, 25
years of age an over. The census in 2000 showed that in the city more than 5,000 persons were academic percent, were college undergraduate, high school graduates or undergraduate or had some post secondary
degree holders or had post baccalaureate studies, representing 5 percent of the total household population 5 schooling.

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Elementary and High School Education vocational education are four private schools, namely the Christ the King College (CHC), La Milagrosa,
Quezon Technical School and Calbayog Technology Center which also offers computer courses.
At present Calbayog City has a total of 156 public elementary/primary schools and 10 public high schools
which are located in the different school districts in the city. As of last August 2002 the city had 975 public
school teachers and 832 classrooms for elementary and high schools. With total enrollment in the same period
reaching 26,284 for public elementary schools and 6,346 for high schools, the corresponding Pupil-Teacher
Ratio was 32 for elementary school and 40 for high schools while classroom-students ratio was 1:31 for
elementary schools and 1:59 for high schools.

Table 9.2
2002 Inventory of Classrooms
Calbayog City

ACADEMIC ROOM- MULTI- SCIENCE NON- The Christ the King College.
DISTRICT/SCHOOL ROOM STUDEN PURPOSE LAB ACADEMIC
T RATIO SHOP ROOM
A. Elementary 719 1:31 0 0 227
1. Calbayog I 143 1:36 0 0 20
2. Calbayog II 118 1:31 0 0 27
3. Calbayog III 102 1:28 0 0 52
4. Oquendo I 91 1:29 0 0 29
5. Oquendo II 72 1:24 0 0 34
6. Tinambacan I 91 1:31 0 0 31
7. Tinambacan II 102 1:34 0 0 34
B. Secondary 112 1:59 4 7 28
1. Mag-ubay NHS 5 1:43 0 0 4
2. Malaga NHS 11 1:54 0 1 5
3. Oquendo NHS 16 1:47 0 1 0
4. Pilar NHS 6 1:53 0 0 1
5. S. Joaquin NHS * 9 1:91 1 1 5
6. S. Policarpo NHS 29 1:57 1 1 3
The Tiburcio Tancinco Memorial Institute of Science and
7. Tarabucan NHS 8 1:38 0 1 1
Technology.
8. Trinidad NHS 14 1:52 1 1 3
9. R. Lentejas MSF 14 1:60 1 1 6
10. Calbayog CHS** 0 - 0 0 0
TOTAL 831 4 7 255 Educational Achievement
* School uses 15 schoolrooms as classrooms except the science laboratory room.
** Utilizes Tiburcio Tancinco Memorial Institute of Science and Technology (TTMIST) facilities.
Source: DepEd
The following table shows the performance of the city with respect to various measures of educational
performance. It shows that the city had been improving a lot in its performance in the last couple of years
Besides operating the city’s public elementary and high schools the government also run a fishery school, the along many lines. The only drawback was the decrease in the transition rate for high school and the increase in
Rafael Lentejas Memorial School of Fisheries, and a state college, the Tiburcio Tancinco Memorial Institute of the teacher-pupil ratio. The last is understandable in view of the present fiscal problems of the national
Science and Technology (TTMIST). Supporting these two government institutions in providing college and government which limited its budget for hiring of new teachers.

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Table 9.3 The provisions of health services is already devolved to the local government units as per provision of the new
Performance Indicators local government with the Department of Health now giving technical assistance and other specialized health
Calbayog City
services to the local government health personnel and in monitoring the health condition and delivery of

SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOL YEAR INCREASE/ health services at the local level. Beginning in the early nineties therefore the provision of health services in
PERFORMANCE 2000-2001 2001-2002 DECREASE Calbayog became one of the primary responsibilities of the city government.
INDICATORS (IN PERCENT) (IN PERCENT)
A. Elementary
Cohort Survival Rate 56.63 70.77 14.14 Table 9.4
Retention Rate 83.89 88.32 4.33 Health Facilities and Number of Personnel
Transition Rate 64.17 64.48 0.31 Calbayog City
Teacher-Student Ratio 1:34 1:38 4.00
Repetition 4.65 3.92 (0.73) HEALTH CITY PROVINCIAL PRIVATE
SCHOLL YEAR SCHOOL YEAR FACILITIES GOVT. GOVT.
1999-2000 2000-2001 No of Hospitals 1 3/2
Graduation Rate 92.76 93.70 0.94 No. of Medical Centers 13
Drop-out Rate 7.68 6.24 (1.44) No. of Dental Clinics 7
Completion Rate 59.53 61.34 1.91 No. of Main Health Centers 5 / 16
B. Secondary No. of Brgy. Health Station 18
Cohort Survival Rate 5.20 54.54 2.34 Health Personnel
Retention Rate 87.34 89.94 2.60 Medical Doctors 6 / 16 26
Transition Rate 93.45 92.67 (0.78) Dentist 9/7 7
Teacher-Student Ratio 1:30 1:32 2.00 Public Health Nurses 13
Repetition Medical Technologists 10
SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOL YEAR Pharmacists 2
1999-2000 2000-2001 Midwives 20/24
Graduation Rate 97.51 94.96 (2.55) Nutrition Officer 1
Drop-out Rate 1.41 1.45 0.04 Health Educators 2
Completion Rate 44.12 49.62 5.50 Laboratory Aide 3
Source: DepEd Sanitary Inspectors 5/3
Barangay Health Workers 406
Source: CHO

Health
Presently the city government operates and maintains 5 main health centers and 18 barangay health stations
and pays for the services of doctors, dentist, nurses, midwives, sanitary inspectors and other medical and
Health Facilities and Personnel
support personnel as shown in the above table.

Health goes with education in increasing the productivity of the nation. It is essential therefore that the people
Leading Causes of Morbidity and Mortality
are provided with basic health services and that there are enough medical facilities and personnel to attend to
the medical needs of the people. Because of poverty many of the people in the country cannot afford to get the
The number one cause of morbidity in the city is URTI while the number one cause of mortality is
services of private doctors and hospitals for their health needs. Thus, the government is called upon to
pneumonia. The following table shows the ten leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the city for the
intervene in the provision of health services in the country.
year 2001. Calbayog City, on the other hand, has low incidence of malnourishment.

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Table 9.5 improve the quality of physical capital via technological change, nations could also invest in people through
2001 Ten Leading Causes of Mortality and Morbidity education, training, nutrition, health care, sanitation, and so on, to improve the quality of the labor force.
Calbayog City

TEN TEN
LEADING NUMBER RATE LEADING NUMBER RATE
CAUSES OF CAUSES OF
MORBIDITY MORTALITY
URTI 5,857 3,979.29 Pneumonia 139 94.44
Diarrhea 1,790 1,216.14 Hypertension 117 79.49
Pneumonia 1,137 772.49 Tuberculosis 47 31.93
HPN 457 310.49 Cancer, Kidney Disease 34 23.10
Animal Bites 424 288.07 Assaults 29 19.70
Bronchitis/Bronchiolitis 421 286.03 Heart Disease 28 19.02
Scabies 309 209.94 Peptic Ulcer Disease 22 14.95
Parasitism 178 120.93 Liver Disease 21 14.27
TB Respiratory 157 106.67 Bronchial Asthma 19 12.91 St. Camillus
Suspect Typhoid 71 48.24 Accidents, Malnutrition 14 9.51 Hospital
* Rate= rate/1,000 population
Source: CHO
Calbayog Sanitarium and
Table 9.6 Hospital
2002 Number of Malnourished Children
Calbayog City

UNDER 1-4 5–7

1 YEAR OLD YEARS OLD YEARS OLD TOTAL Calbayog District Hospital

Severely Underweight 52 135 68 255

Moderately Underweight 210 971 349 1,530 The recent success of structural transformation of the so-called ‘high performing East Asian economies’
(HPAEs) has highlighted the importance of an educated labor force to economic growth. Through education a
Mildly Underweight 684 3,489 1,391 5,564 nation is able to appropriate from, and share in the gains arising from new technological advances that is now
fueling the growth of the world economy. The experience of the HPAEs shows that education accounted for
Normal Weight 1,467 7,130 2,837 11,434 much of their economic growth and for the improvement in the distribution of income in favor of the poor.

Over Weight 171 309 170 650 Education efforts however must go beyond attempts to increase the degree of literacy, for literacy is only a
Source: CHO means to education in all areas of life or as means to gaining more knowledge and skills useful for making a
living. From the viewpoint of development, education must open the way for change to spread throughout
Human Resources society that can lead to higher productivity and to the increase in the level of income and welfare of the people.

Since the 1960s, labor has been considered not just as a homogenous factor of production, but also as human
capital, a differentiated and moldable input to production. Thus, just as investment could take place to
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There are three principal methods of learning. These are:
• Formal education. This usually takes place in schools and involves young people who have not yet
begun working for a living. Consist of structured studies, formal education in the Philippines involves
6 years of elementary, 4 years of high school, and an average of 4 years in college, including graduate
and post graduates studies that may take more years to complete. Some parents also enroll their young
children in Pre school and Kindergarten classes before they go to Grade I, an advantage that only the
well-off families can afford.
Next to education and health, housing also contributes to quality of human resources everywhere. Finally,
social welfare and protective services offered to the people also affects the quality of human resources and their
productivity.
Size of the City’s Human Resource
As of the 2000 census, Calbayog City had a total of 147.2 thousand enumerated population. Although it is not
a provincial capital, Calbayog City’s population is the largest in Western Samar, its mother province, or in the
whole island of Samar. In the Eastern Visayas region, only the two cities of Tacloban and Ormoc surpassed

• Non-formal education – This is an organized program of learning that usually takes place outside Calbayog City. The two had a population of 178.6 thousand and 154.3 thousand, respectively, in the same

schools with adults and out of school youth as participants. Programs offered are shorter, narrowly census year. The table below shows the population of Calbayog City and selected areas in the region and their

focused, and more applied than programs for formal education. Non-formal education is usually growth rates from 1990 to 2002.

conducted to provide the skills necessary to get a job or start a livelihood project or small business
Table 9.7
Population Size and Growth, Calbayog City and Selected Areas
• Informal education - This takes place outside any institutional frameworks or organized program. This 1990 – 2000.
can happen at home, on the job, and in the community where individuals or groups of people are able
to acquire news skills or more knowledge of doing something by actual experience or by observing Total Enumerated Annual Growth
Population Rate
others at work situation. May 1 Sept 1 May 1 1990 1995 1990
1990 1995 2000 1995 2000 2000
Calbayog City 115.4 129.2 147.2 2.14 2.83 2.46
If education is one obvious area in which the government can undertake positive actions to improve the Catbalogan 70.5 76.3 84.2 1.51 2.12 1.79
quality of the human resource, another is that of public health. To increase the productive power and Catarman 51.0 61.7 67.7 3.65 2.00 2.87
Borongan 44.1 48.6 55.1 1.86 2.72 2.26
efficiency of labor, the incidence of debilitating diseases must be reduced, and diets must be improved among
Tacloban 136.9 167.3 178.6 3.83 1.41 2.70
the people. Together with better education, improved health can weaken barriers to development, open the Ormoc 129.5 144.0 154.3 2.01 1.49 1.77
Maasin 64.7 63.7 71.2 -0.28 2.39 0.96
eyes of the people to many possibilities, increase their geographic and occupational mobility, facilitate
W. Samar 533.7 589.4 641.1 1.87 1.82 1.85
innovations, raise productivity, and promote human development. E. Visayas 3,054.5 3,366.9 3,610.4 1.84 1.51 1.68
Philippines 60703.2 68616.5 76503.3 2.32 2.36 2.34
Source: NSO
The health-development relationship is reciprocal. Economic development tends to improve the health status
of the people and better health contributes to economic development. Some proponents of health-sector High fertility rate coupled with a declining mortality rate leads to a rapid natural increase in population, which
programs warn that development alone cannot be relied upon to reduce morbidity and mortality, that special
together with the recent decrease in the tendency of the people to out migrate is causing the population growth
programs in nutrition, health care, and environmental sanitation are also needed. They cite examples of how rate of Calbayog City to accelerate from 2.14 percent annually from 1990 to 1995 to 2.83 percent annually
development can worsen health or argue that the provision of appropriate health program can do the job by from 1995 to 2000. The city’s population growth rate from 1995 to 2000 was the fastest recorded among the
itself, even in the absence of significant overall development. Opposed to this view is the stand of some people major cities and municipalities in Eastern Visayas, and much faster than the whole country. At this rate the
that the benefits of some health programs are sharply reduced when the prevailing socioeconomic and physical population of the city will double in 28 years.
environments are unfavorable.

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One of the consequences of a rapid natural rate of population growth will be a reduction in the average age
profile of the population. This has a number of adverse effects for the city: • Thirdly, a younger population will also mean that the city’s labor force will be growing at faster rate
than the rate of increase in its population and create more demand for jobs in the future which the city
• First, the dependency ratio rises with rapid population growth. A higher dependency ratio will mean may not be able to provide.
that each productive and income-earning worker supports a larger number of unproductive, non- • Lastly, with a younger population, higher population growth rates today mean the population
income-earning persons. growth rate will have momentum for some time into the future, even if fertility rates are on the
• Second, a younger population requires that the city devote more of its resources to education, and decline, thus increasing the pressure for the use of the city’s natural resources later on.
other human capital expenditures, such as health care, just to keep pace with population growth.
Quality of Human Resource

Table 9.8
Household Population 15 Years old and over and trade skills Education and Training
Calbayog City and Selected Areas, 1995

Calbayog Western Eastern Philippines The table below shows the performance of the city along number of education and health indicators. These
City Samar Visayas indicators show that a lot still have to be done to improve the quality of the city’s human resources if it has to
Total Household Population 128,608 587,883 3,358,178 68,431,213
compete strongly with the other cities of the country for investments.
Household Pop 15 years old and over 75,655 335,613 1,958,586 42,152,335
No trade skills 71,420 316,824 1,763,887 37,538,153
94.4% 94.4% 90.1% 8.9% Table 9.9
With Trade Skills 4,235 18,789 194,699 4,614,182 Education and Health Indicators
5.6% 5.6% 9.9% 10.9 Calbayog City and Selected Areas, Various Years
% In mining, construction, etc 16.64 16.64 15.77 15.16
Education Indicators Rate (%) Health Indicators Rate (%)
% In metal, machinery, etc 7.20 7.20 6.28 7.87
Elem. Cohort Survival Rate Birth Rate
% In precision, handicraft, etc 5.03 5.03 5.16 4.57 SY 2000-01 70.77 2002 19.08
H.S. Cohort Survival Rate Death Rate
% In other Crafts and related trades 28.32 28.32 16.21 13.57 SY 2000-01 54.54 2002 4.30
% In stationary-plant & related work 1.02 1.02 0.56 0.80 Elementary Drop Out Rate Infant Mortality Rate
SY 2000-01 6.24 2002 4.20
% In Machine operation & assembly 2.54 2.54 1.95 2.80 High School Drop Out Rate Maternal Mortality Rate
% In driving and mobile machinery 10.80 10.80 15.94 2.28 SY 2000-01 1.45 2002 1.90
Elementary Teacher-Student Ratio
% In physical science and engineering 0.82 0.82 1.28 1.01 SY 2000-01 1:38
% In Life Science and Health 1.05 1.05 1.56 1.55 High School Teacher-Student Ratio
SY 2000-01 1:32
% In other related professional skills 1.01 1.01 3.37 3.23
% With Clerical Skills 8.04 8.04 6.82 4.44 Health, Nutrition and Sanitation
% With Servicing Skills 4.49 4.49 6.12 6.77
% With agriculture and fishery skills 8.29 8.29 13.89 10.20 Another area that measures the quality of the city’s human resource is health. In health the primary concern
Not stated 4.76 4.76 5.09 7.75 health concern is the reduction of mortality and morbidity arising from various diseases and improving the
Source: NSO
health status of every individual. In the country among the typical health measures to do this are the maternal
and child health care program, adolescent health and development, family planning, reproductive health,

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nutrition, communicable and non-communicable disease control, tuberculosis and malaria control,
environmental sanitation, AIDS/STD, the operation of hospitals and management of health facilities, health
insurance, control of dangerous drugs, and other related health measures.
Housing and Human Settlements
A cursory observation of the city will reveal that housing still remains one of the city’s big problems. The city is
still small but many of its people are living in slum or squatter areas, particularly along the river banks and
swamp lands. In other areas small houses lie very close to one another with very little space for children to
move around or play. The poor quality of housing in the city was clearly shown in the census of housing in
1990 for example where it was found out that many people live in houses that were made of
bamboo/sawali/cogon or of makeshift/salvaged/improvised materials, and where in some houses more than one
household were occupying given that the number of household population exceeded the number of available
housing units.
Poor housing and all the attendant problems of living in a poor community can also affect the quality and
productivity of labor. It also reflects on the character of the city itself as seen by outsiders that can affect its
attractiveness to investors. Thus, just as it is important to raise the level of education and health of its people,
the city must also endeavor to improve the quality of its housing in terms of their structure and location.
Social Welfare
Welfare services is being provided for by the City Social Welfare and Development Office (CSWDO) through
its program areas, namely; the Child Youth Welfare Program, Family and Community Welfare,
Disaster/Relief/Emergency Assistance, Special Program to Disabled, Probationer/Parolees/Released Prisoners/
Rebel Returnees and Elderlies and Self-Employment Assistance Program.
In addition, other institutions and organizations are involved in catering welfare services to the needy
constituents of the city. These are the SOS Children’s Village, which houses orphaned and abandoned
children; Julio Cardinal Rosales Home of Love, located in Oquendo Poblacion, about 13 kilometers away and
managed by the Sisters of Mother Teresa Missionaries of Charity which caters the sick, dying and destitute
individuals; CRESCENT, Home for the Aged, CARITAS and the Samar Kauswagan Foundation, Inc.
The city, as of 2002, accommodates a total of more than 13,000 families and individuals for its welfare
services. Major recipients of the welfare services are children and women groups which corner 54 percent and
11 percent of the total services, respectively.
Table 9.11
Crime and Fire Incidence
Calbayog City

Table 9.10 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

2002 Social Welfare Recipients
Calbayog City
Crime Incidence 195 179 165 112 137
INDI-
DISTRICT PARENTS CHILDREN YOUTH ELDERLY DISABLED WOMEN VIDUALS
Fire Incidence 23 12 11 22 23
Calbayog 320 3,258 179 477 88 944 849
Source: PNP. BFP

Oquendo 157 1,834 282 209 59 240 139

Protective Services

Tinambacan 522 1,899 633 474 48 291 159

The present operational jurisdiction of the Philippine National Police comprised the three (3) districts of
Source: CSWDO
Calbayog, Oquendo and Tinambacan. The peace and order situation in Calbayog City, accordingly, remains
to be at manageable level.

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Said manageable peace and order situation is attributed to the coordinative efforts by the PNP and the LGU
through massive campaign and implementation of the various programs geared towards a peaceful and orderly
city. Fire incidence, however, is alarming as the city entertains more than twenty fire incidence during the last
two years.
Police service is being provided with 4 multicabs and 1 stainless jeep to respond to emergencies. Present
policeman to population ratio is 1:1,000. The Bureau of Fire Protection, on the other hand, is presently
manned by forty (40) personnel with a fireman to population ratio of 1:3,679. The BFP has four (4)
serviceable fire trucks.
Goal, Policies and Strategies
Main Goal
To develop a critical mass of high quality and highly productive human resources that is responsive to new
technology and modern system of business organization in all types of economic and social endeavors in the
city.
For developing areas like the City of Calbayog, four areas deserve priority efforts in the field of education.
These are:
• Education for all from elementary up to high school to assure everyone with an opportunity to secure a
decent job or livelihood.
• The provision of agricultural extension services given that more than half of the people in the city are
still dependent on farming, fishing and related activities for livelihood.
• Training in industrial skills in view of the expected coming of more industries as the city progress to a
higher level of development.
• Training in management, supervisory and administrative skills needed by the expanding number of
business, government and non-government organizations in the city.
• Entrepreneurship and business development skills in order to harness the potential of the city for
economic development.
Calbayog City Comprehensive Development Master Plan, 2003-2023
CCCDMP
Policies and Strategies
Education
• Complement academically oriented schools with agricultural, technical, and vocational schools
emphasizing the teaching of useful skills. When adequately funded and run in close coordination with
potential employers, vocational schools can make a real contribution to development.
• Create more opportunities for non-formal education for the out-of-school youth and adults. It is more
practical, cheaper, more flexible, and better able to reach lower-income groups than formal education.
It generally teaches different skills and reaches a different audience from the schools. Subject covered
may include basic education (literacy, and numeracy), family education (health, nutrition, child care,
family planning,), community education (cooperatives, community projects), and occupational
training.
• Realign courses in both formal and informal schools to meet present and future manpower needs in
line with the pace of growth and direction of the development of the city and the whole country.
• Offer more short-term skills training.
• Upgrading of the city school facilities.
• Establish more vocational high schools.
• Hiring of more public school teachers.
Health, Nutrition and Sanitation
• Give priority to family and preventive health care practices. This is more effective and cheaper in the
long run than the specialized and curative method of health service.
• Health, nutrition and sanitation should be included as one of the important subjects in education and
training as most of the problems in health and related areas are caused by ignorance or lack of
information on proper health, nutrition and sanitation practices.
• Integrate family planning in all health programs to not only to keep the city’s population growth rate
in control but also to achieve better health for mothers and children and to afford a better life for all.
• The provision of clean water to all households should go with the campaign for improved sanitation in
order to control the spread of waterborne diseases.
• Build more barangay health stations and main health centers.
• Hire more medical personnel.
VISION
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 • Upgrade facilities and services of existing hospitals.
• Emphasize preventive health care and family medicine.
• Improve water supply and sanitation
Housing
• The city should start working for the elimination and formalization of slum areas by preventing the
growth of squatter settlements and the transfer of squatter families to more decent social housing sites.
• Development of more housing subdivisions for middle and upper class families in the city for the
purpose of controlling land use according to plan and for facility in the provision of basic services.
• Strict implementation of zoning ordinance affecting residential land use to improve community look.
• Prevent the proliferation of squatting.
• Built more low-cost/socialized housing for the poor.
• Encourage the building of more subdivision for middle and upper class segment of the population.
• Adopt housing design consistent with the surrounding environment to improve the look of the
community.
Social Welfare and Protective Services
• Provide more day care centers.
• Conduct more skills and livelihood training for the disadvantaged group and the poor.
• Promote women participation in development
• Youth development
• Old age protection
• Medicare for the poor and the disorganized labor
• More police and fire protection personnel and equipment
• Intensify campaign against illegal fishing, drug addiction and gambling.
Calbayog City Comprehensive Development Master Plan, 2003-2023
CCCDMP
Key Programs and Projects
Formal Education
Education reform – This will require an adjusting the local education system from the elementary up to high
school and college levels to produce graduates who have skills and knowledge necessary for the new century.
The objective is to provide the students with appropriate knowledge and skills that will be useful even if they
are unable to finish college.
School-to-Work Program – This will require the integration of the school-based learning at high school and
college with structured learning experiences in the workplace. They require partnerships with employers,
educational institutions, and community-based organizations.
Youth Entrepreneurship Program - starting a business is not easy because of the lack of opportunities for young
people to learn about running a business. This is a major contributor to the migration of young people to seek
employment elsewhere. One way of solving this problem is through the youth entrepreneurships program,
which can be incorporated into the basic courses in high school and college rather than taught as an entirely
new curriculum.
Non-formal Education
Expanded Skill Development for out of School Youth and Adults — This is to make sure that no one becomes
unemployed due to lack of job skills. This can implemented by the city government in cooperation with the
private sector, TESDA and other agencies of the government.
On-the-Job Training—to help workers to gain new skills and handle the increasing use of technology in the
workplace. This can be implemented by the city government in cooperation with the private sector and the
schools and other training institutions in the city.
Intensified extension work – This kind of Nonformal education is intended primarily to help the rural
population obtained the latest technology in farming and fishing and other off arm activities to increase their
productivity and their income. The biggest reason for the extensive poverty in the rural areas is the low
productivity of the farmers that use outmoded method of production. This program is important since
majority of the people in the city still live in the rural areas and depend on farming and fishing for livelihood.
VISION
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This should be the main work of the city government’s agriculture office with assistance from the Department Housing and Resettlement

of Agriculture.
Low Cost Housing – This is intended to build low cost/socialized housing that are affordable for the poor to
Some of the types of learning to be given in extension work may include the following: lessen the proliferation of slum and squatter areas in the city.

• Farm planning and management, rational decision making, record keeping, cost and revenue
computations, and use of credit.
• Application of new inputs, seed varieties, and improved farm practices like contouring and crop
rotation.
• Storage, processing and food preservation
• Supplementary skills of farm maintenance and improvement, and sideline jobs for extra income
Slum improvement – People living in slum areas who cannot be resettled should be provided with basic services
and other community facilities to make their life more bearable.
Resettlement – Because some slum areas are located in flood prone areas or in places that are incompatible for
housing use, the resettlement of families will have to be undertaken. Fort his purpose the city will have to
identify and acquire the land that can be used for resettlement, provided with basic facilities, and distributed to
the targeted beneficiaries at cost to be paid on installment.

• Knowledge of government services, policies, programs and projects

• Knowledge and skills for family improvement like health, nutrition, home economics, childcare, and
family planning.

• Civic skills and know-how in cooperatives and the different units of the government and their
functions.

Health, Nutrition and Sanitation

Water For All – Water being most important for the health of the community, the city government must aim
for the provision of safe water for all households in the city. All barangays that cannot be served with level II or
level III water supply program should at least be served with potable water from level III point source system
in form of deep well or shallow well pumps, developed springs, or rain collector tanks.

LAKASS Program – this refers to the Lalakas ang Katawang Sapat sa Sustansiya (Lakass) Program that is
intended to give food assistance to underweight children and women who are poor.
Health Insurance – this is intended primarily for the indigents who cannot afford to buy the medicine or bring
their patients to the hospital because of poverty. This is done through the implementation of the National
Health Insurance Program to cover the poor segment of the poor population in the city.

Calbayog City Comprehensive Development Master Plan, 2003-2023

CCCDMP
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