CE-4101: Structural Analysis and Design-III

4 hours/week Credit: 4.00

Analysis of statically indeterminate beams,

frames, trusses by stiffness method and flexibility
method; Assembly of matrices for computer based
analysis.

Influence lines for statically indeterminate beams,

frames and trusses; Analysis of indeterminate
arches; Analysis of space trusses.
 SPACE TRUSS

•A space truss consists of members

joined together at their ends to form a
stable three-dimensional structures
•A stable simple space truss can be built
from the basic tetrahedral, formed by
connecting six members with four joints
 TYPE OF SPACE TRUSSES
1. Simple Space Truss
This truss is constructed from a tetrahedron. The
truss can be enlarged by adding three members.
 TYPE OF SPACE TRUSSES
2. Compound Space Truss
This truss is constructed by combining two or
more simple truss.
 TYPE OF SPACE TRUSSES

3. Complex Space Truss

Complex truss is a truss that cannot be classified
as simple truss or compound truss.
 DETERMINACY & STABILITY
Due to three dimensions, there will be three
equations of equilibrium for each joint.
(ΣFx = 0; ΣFy = 0; ΣFz = 0)
•The external stability of the space truss requires
that the support reactions keep the truss in force
and moment equilibrium.
•Generally, the least number of required reactions
for stable and externally determinate is SIX
 DETERMINACY & STABILITY
For internal determinacy, if m = number of
members; j = number of joints; r = number of
supports; therefore:
If m = 3j + r → Stable and Determinate ????
If m > 3j + r → Stable and Indeterminate????
If m < 3j + r → Unstable????
•Internal stability can sometimes be checked
by careful inspection of the member
arrangement.
 DETERMINACY & STABILITY
Internally
m + r = 3j → Determinate Truss
m + r > 3j → Indeterminate Truss
m + r < 3j → Unstable Truss
Externally
r < 6 → Unstable Truss
r = 6 → Determinate if Truss is Stable
r > 6 → Indeterminate Truss
TYPES OF SUPPORT
DETERMINACY & STABILITY

m = 3, j = 4, r = 9
m + r = 12 and 3j = 12
m + r = 3j
Determinate Truss
DETERMINACY & STABILITY
DETERMINACY & STABILITY
 ASSUMPTIONS FOR DESIGN
•The members are joined together by smooth
pins (no friction – cannot resist moment)
•All loadings and reactions are applied centrally
at the joints
•The centroid for each members are straight and
concurrent at a joint
Therefore, each truss member acts as an axial
force member:
If the force tends to elongate → Tensile (T)
If the force tends to shorten → Compressive (C)
 ZERO FORCE MEMBERS
THEOREM 1:
If all members and external force except one
member at a joint, (say, joint B) lie in the same
plane, then, the force in member A is zero.
 ZERO FORCE MEMBERS
THEOREM 2:
If all members at a joint has zero force except
for two members, (say member A and B), and
both members (A and B) do not lie in a straight
line, then the force in member A and B are zero.
 ZERO FORCE MEMBERS
If members A and B lie in a straight line, then,
the forces in these members MIGHT NOT be
zero. In fact, referring to the example below:
ZERO FORCE MEMBERS
EXAMPLE
ANALYSIS METHOD: TENSION COEFFICIENT
ANALYSIS METHOD: TENSION COEFFICIENT
ANALYSIS METHOD: TENSION COEFFICIENT
ANALYSIS METHOD: TENSION COEFFICIENT
ANALYSIS METHOD: TENSION COEFFICIENT
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
CLASS EXERCISE
 CLASS EXERCISE
The space truss shown in the figure consist of six members and
is supported by a ball and socket at B, a short link at C and two
short links at D. Analysis the force in each of the members for
the given loading.
 CLASS EXERCISE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AevqSb8i030