has OTrgin of repication and amplicin

Tt

TESISt ance gene derive d

fiom p8P 392 fnto
nto
ro
inseted
about 45 bp
*A Horign
* t Jorin
DNA o
Sil the cosmfd
Bam H tric tton t orm an
+om
6 Packed into Aphage to
The T-COSmid it DNA to
Particle which deluers
inActiue phage
the cels
EColi while inecting
OSS t

MCS

r aer

COSmidp3

of insubn
Prucucli on
homone insuln s piDduced by the p-cet
Insuin The
Human insuln
insulin
angeihan o panc iras.
s lets of chain
04 io a poyPptd
S Cunino acids auanged
contain amino
3o amino
whiu B has 30
amino a cds whi
Th chain A ha a
toqethe by dsuld bondb
bond
held
acids both an
Diabetes Mellitus inkrd d Sease
nkad olisease
Melitws is a qen eticaly
Diabetes
incrmased blood 9uto!e gu cose Ccrren
Corren
chatacteri zed by N
The OCCurtnce dabete
rationHyper 6ycemia
du to insu4Hdent inswin. Insuin ac:toateu Thu
s
 uplak nd utli7ation qurose for rlease
Cellular uptakr

o enerq actumulatea in th
thu
the absenee o insulin, gurose
In
when thu
th
at htgh concenlailion, usualy
blood Stram maldt.
Oncentiation exceedh about 160
bloood qucose
ecrtcd to ine
iS
gucose weak and tird sice h
o diabrtes ar
3) The Patien
enerqy Cie
ATP) s Vey murh deprxed
Ppductior o
productron od Recombinant Insulin
rtcombinant DNA
Atttmpt to pncuce insulin by
Starte n lat 1a7o 's
Techoology human nsiun
nalin
d inscrted
The basic Technigue' consised
gene
gene and the pomoter gene of kacoperdn on the Plasmd
this method human insubn was
Pmduceol
0E-col By
By
It wa in July 1180, 11 human volunteers wene, -fo

r s t time, admin
fs combinant insulin tor
the

Hreartment of diabetes at Guys Hospito, Condon and

the r s t CVer phar maCeurtical pmoluct
infact, nsuin
was

administered to the humans. Recomb

-DNA Techoloqy
worked well and this ave hope to
gave hope t
tnsubn was
inant
Cowd be Su ccen
sully
Sdentist
that
DNA
techndooy and
medical and
medicas
o prncuce
Substances o
employed
COmmercial mportance
the concerned aithorities, tur
An appro va by dinbet
uSing Tecombinant insulin for the
tratment of
Melltus wa given in 98 And in 1986 CGly Compan

eceiueel apprdval to makecd human insuin under th

nam as HUMULIN
tiade

Technique for combinant insulin poduction

The Oiginad chnique o insulin Suithesis in tcol
Th
has undergone Seuetal changes tor impoving theyerld
yerld
and B chain
e Addition
o Sing prptids, sysbesis o
Seperátey Synthess o insuln
th
t h
The procedur emploed fo
chain AGB a9e llutratud i'n the d:agram
au
gene o r A chain and B chains
The gene torInsuin
to the plasmids a diteent
Stperatt y inser ttod
inolucer 9eni
of incucer gen
CulturtS
E-cou
Systtm [cons:sling
The Lac operpn Stuctural qenez
t u e t u r a qenee
z
and s
operatbr gene
promottr 9ene,
used for capruson of okoth
o th
1S
galactosidase
for
the gen medium
actose
t t he
inh h e Cultur
Cultun mediu
The prrsence o
osuin
insuin A GB chains
the Synthe SIS o
induc es
Sepera Culturts.
in
nSulin chain can be solatod,
The Sobrme
So d
ned
a
*ullpledge d human
pui-hed
Puri-ed and o to qve
insuin
 plasm:d Transfomm inb plamd
E col

E Coli E col
Culture Cetls ina Nutnent
Medturn containing kactose

Isolat E puvify a B chains

A-chain B chain

Chains recConstituton
Toining o
T Tnducer qen
P-pomoter qent
O operator qenu
Z - p galactosidau

Human Tnsulin
 Secono qeneralon tcombinan insSulins
tr infecting the insulin ,the plama conrentratonm
insuin ise slouly, nd for this Teason, inuin
ok
o
has t br done at last IS minulu brr
0ject:on
meal
the insuln level s slow,
deceaue fn
Further,
insu lin
the Patientu
td a danger o Hyprr
eposing
emia
ulie
of therapeulie
A l -this is due to the enistence
o
hexamer (S'
molecules aocatd ], wbick
insulin as a
actve dimer or

d:ssocrates slawy to the biolog icay

Monomer to pheure
cent years
have been made io
Attempt
insulbn s t -directo milagenesi's 6&
generalion
protein engineeing.

Secondgeneration PConbinant prtcins arr emed

The

Muteins haue bren constauctos

havebren constut
ofinsultn mutetns
A Laqe lumber
Hexames to
ofaser
dissociation o
with an objective
Esologicaly actiue fms

these i1s insulin ispro, upith modi-hed amnoacio

yAmong
reSidues at POSbon a 9 and 30 ettheB-chan
Insui Insulin Gspo Can be injectd immed'a ttly
befort oa mea as it attains the pha tmacobgically
Faxt
eficient leue veuy
oduct ion o tcombinant human qDuth
D th noimonu

Humar (1diilb Hononu: Grooth hormon is prcrd

by he pitutary gland Tt rqulatcs the Dusth ancd

GDusth homone Stimula ouerall bory
deuelopmenl amino
incasinq the Celua upttke of
gDsth
sth by
by and pmmotin9 the use

and prileinsSythesis
acids

at as bodly fuel
o hormone hGH)in
human GyDsth
Tnsuiient
tesults in ttartrd cln: cal
Gsth, cin: cally
ypung ch:ldren
as pttay Dwarhsm. The childusual
T ned to
ket in height has chubby lace
lem thon bur
fat amund th waist
abundant

Trratment tor Duoar-is

childco
The childro oo
Traditiona
dwartism wete treatd with rgular infectiom
pi tutany
o9rooth homMons
entracttd fon the bains o

be notd that on
be notd onty
huma Tt may
decrased

efkctive
for tratment oof
tratment

is
human
human qrousth homon
grDuoth
glanolsrom cadaue
dwarhsm At least
least cight Pitutary
human gmoth hormone [h6
berxtiacted
-to
t o get
Mut child Tust for ono
Jut tor one

tor trating a duwar

adequat tob rd
continurd
continu -f
for
Such
tcrtment hos to be
hos
and
a nd
year fnm
Further ,
administiation hGH
hG H isolatd
isolatkod fom
8-10 years
 childen to isk
human brain eposes the
a grat
rat

biain diseau
tiansmit ing the cacdauer
cruz-fe ldt - Jacoh (cJ Syndrome characleri sed b
etc
Covulsions, udasTinq OMucle (an Do
hGH 6iotechnologists
Pdcuction of cminaust
The tc hnique
hGH by genetic enginee ng
prpduce inuin
comparabu wth that o
cdopted is 9ui consists st
The prdcedu Cuentiaty
Production.

into Ecoi plasniels, cultuing th

inserting hGH 9ene
rom the
the enta
e ntra
the h&H m
cells and solation ot
-celular med?um.

hH prDdasction
Aimitation in 91 fmio
Ami n0 aGds
91 acd.
s a proto Comprsed o
The hGH n thu kooy
koo
t natural yothesis 'n thu
systhesis
he course
Ouring Poly acad7
tagged uith a Sing .Peptide [26 amino
hGH 1S
is moved duning Section to
duing
|T h
The
e Stngu Peptide fór
biologica
biological
functions
functiona. Thu
hH
active
eleas the o
on in an
an ordalu
orda
hGH Syrthe
Si's
0goes
entre
entre PrDcess o
O
in the
borly
ouhion
fotmp hGH
hGH prcuctonsu
Procucbio
production intmp
y Houeuer
HouweuerSi
Signa
Yecombinont technology
from
o m the
th
DNA (C DNA) &ysthesi
sed
TTh e Compimenta ny
he
inser ttd in
ino th plaumd
6 th plasmd
hGH s inserttd
m-RNA encoding
Eco when cutund
The plabmid conlaining
Pvuces
puluces -full length h6 a long with Signa Peptidu

But col Ccnoot MoVe the Sinal Rptid

id
futhe 1t is albo qui di{icult to get of
Vaious other means Theorrticaly
Siqna Pcplids by
Can be Cut td sou e
td solu
DNA
DND encodinq Sgnal Peptd

the se problems -

ther is no Ct n ttion endonuc lease

ufortunately ,

to do his 0b hence this s not Possib

Apprdach fo hGH Procluction

atove
have TSolued the poblem
o
Biotechnoloqist

qtmuption
anove
bya approach.
Signad pepitide
Pept:de

The bue sequence

in cDNA encding Signa
the nei'ghboun'n9 4
peptios
Peptio
(26 omino aciou) puls (+)
a total S0 amino acrda) is cut by
amino a cids (ie,
rcbtriction endonuclease E CORI
amino acid Sequence oy
Now a gene C DNA)fór24
gene

HGH that hasbeen deletd) s

rshly ythes'ud
and bgatd to the emaiping h GH C
DNA
CDNA attached to a Vector,s
The so constitutd

foto a bacerium Such as Col for Culture

nSer td
hGaH
Ound procuction ok
uncti'onal h6H
Tn this manner the boloqi Caly

Can be poduced hy DNA tehnoloqy

 IAA
h nil

Lrelq

Squurn

DNn for hG cdor

Ver
Afh r pir:5ior
Cnom

Insetion o'b

Vec tp

nl
Recombinant hGH was aPprovedf6r human wse in

198 Ttis may ked as pvtvpin by Genelech company

and Humartiope ilil Company
ombinant gDusth homone o1-dom animals
uSe 0
now ava la b Hor admini stiation
Recombinant GHS

t Harm animals to promo carly gowth developrunt

Such fam Qnimal yeild inea meal, be &ides in ramd
m:l production

Fdib VaccincEEd:ble Vaccine ar nothing but tangen:e

that
plant aund antma baed prdution o r those
contain agent that tigger an anima immunu Sstem

s Pons
In Smple ttrms, cdibs Vaccinea ae plant or anima

mad phormasticals. By the Use o edibla vaccines Or

Veggie vaceineveqetabu taccine) the poblema associau d
Vegee
wth purificatt on Vaccines can be totaly avoidad

choi ce plantt for cdib vaccGneA Most ot the work on

production o Vaccines n
plana winttially Caried
the
ht
that is not edbl These Vaccie
out ito bacco plant
Pduced in ed:ble plant4 Such as bamno
One now beinq
tor we in an:mal
Tonato
Tomato and to Some extent potato
fodder CropS r ood croP can be
the corMmon
Consiclexd.
 4

Cd:ble Naccine pDeluclion and use t Ihe hterium, ngo

ued to deliver
bhaclerium tumaciensi Comronuy
harleria and vial
Vita
the DNn
enelimaleial)
fo
at:gens A plasmid ayng heanliqen ene and
incoorporaud inb
eSislanre ene ar
n anlibiölic
The (ut
Cul pie res
pie res

bacleial cetlsA:tume -faciens.

the uhirh
aritibiotic
to on
leaves Cre cposo
Polato
O neuw qens The SuYViVi
Surivinq
cells that kack
kill -the
Can and form a
and t r m
a

aterd ones) Coun mutiply

cells (ie, gene
ghol and
Ond
iS allowed to Sprut
callus
callus This
in
Sol to form
Soil to planu TTn aboul
a grouon.
0ot, hich
bear polatoes with antiqen
o7tiqen
3 Deeks ,
the plant
Vaccineb-

cons:de baona an idea Spie

Some workess

This in
ed:b Vaccines
for the prnduct ion o
paru the
the ood and eotce
eatcn
mainy qrouon in most
is that childten to whom
(to ohom
Taw nother aduantage

vaccines a most needed) ike

eating
eatig barana
banana
 Atigen DNA

Dotib6lic r an er

P80mid

Bactial etl

Gene 1ah gfe

Cut pitres o} ntbi ot

PTbus
ecv with

prelurion
nn illuthotion o edibe acin

ndvatage Edible vacci nes

they Can be
be maM
m a Prdcuction
Procuction
are cheap,ther fore
The
They
Can be inqested by the
eating The plant parb o
They
So he
need to prc8
and
puri-f deknt
he plat
the

facities
faciGtics s e cold Storage o u
ske
)EtenSue
St Stoiaq
not u i rd
 the immunily at th
4) Most impor tatly hey tigger
those that ine the mouth
mu cosad Sur face Such as

bodys Arst
fAirst lin of
Gnu
which is the
(mucosa immuny)

deense
Par ticular aneo
Local Native Cp
) Tthe the need
need
procuce the Vacciu , then
engincerd to
con be etminatd
and distributron
for tran Sportat:on