2.

Materials and Methods

2.1. Study Area
Jimma is located 350 km southwest of Addis Ababa (7411 N,36501 E) at an average altitude of
1780 m above sea level and is characterized by a temperate rainy climate with a warm summer.
The city has a population density of about 3521 persons per km in 2015 and an average population growth rate of
4.9% per year . East African cities like Addis Ababa, Nairobi, and Mombasa have higher population levels and lower
population growth rates.
Jimma is considered as a fast growing mid-sized East African city, similar to the Ethiopian cities Nekemte and
Shashemene. Rivers.
Awetu which bisects the centre of the city and kito which flows at the western end are the two major rivers in
jimma. At the eastern part of Jimma, some smaller rivers (Dipo, Seto,Kochi, University Stream, Aramaic, and
Dololo) are present. South of Jimma, these rivers merge together and flow into Boye wetland, a large water body
covered by vegetation. This was initially a pond but became overgrown by vegetation due to eutrophication.
Eventually, the water from Boye ends up in the Gilgel Gibe river below the intake point of the water treatment plant
of Jimma.
The rivers are bordered by wetlands, which harbor a high diversity of foraging and breeding birds.
The discharge of untreated domestic, industrial, and institutional wastewater, the disposal of solid
Waste, drainage, farming, clay mining, removal of riparian vegetation, and intensive livestock grazing
Threaten these valuable freshwater ecosystems.
The population data (from central Statistical agency of Ethiopia.)
Year 1994 2005 2015
population 88 184925

The growth rate during 2015 is 4.9% (It is an average growth rate). However, the rate is not constant from year to
year. as we know the oromiya region population growth is rapid. Because above 50% of the population are Muslims.

Calculate the population in 2019 depends on population of 2015.

growt h rate N
Population of 2019= population of 2015*(1+ ) , where N=the year
100
4.26 4
P2019=p2015*(1+ )
100
P2019=184925*1.211
P2019=223944
Then we should get the population 0f Jimma town after 20 years.(in 2039)
3.36 20
P2039=p2019*(1+ )
100
P2039=223944
P2039 =
Depends on the population number we should calculate the domestic, non-domestic and unaccounted water
demand of jimma town
 year growth rate population
2015 4.41 184925
2019 4.26 192803
2020 4.22 200939
2021 4.18 209338
2022 4.15 218026
2023 4.11 226987
2024 4.1 236293
2025 4.04 245839
2026 3.99 255648
2027 3.95 265747
2028 3.86 276004
2029 3.84 286603
2030 3.81 297523
2031 3.75 308680
2032 3.7 320101
2033 3.64 331752
2034 3.59 343662
2035 3.53 355794
2036 3.47 368140
2037 3.42 380730
2038 3.36 393523
.
The
Adjustment of climatic factor
A–depends on mean annual precipitation

Mean annual precipitation

600 or less

901 or greater
The annual precipitation of jimma is 1099mm,so we should grouped under C and the factor 1.00.
B- Depends of altitude

2300-3300
1500-2300
500-1500

1780m is the altitude of jimma town. Take 1.0 as factor.

Socio economic factor

Description
Towns enjoying high living standard with high potential for
development
Towns having a very high potential for development but lower
living standard as presence
Towns under normal Ethiopian condition
Advanced rural town
Take 1.05 as a factor.
Then total domestic demand is
TDWD=Socio economic factor*climatic factor*summation of each connection water demand
TDWD=1*1*1.05* 19360.96 m3/day
TDWD=20329.008m3/day
Non-domestic water demand
1. Public and commercial water demand
Take 20% of TDWD.
PCWD=20%*20329.008m3/day
PCWD=4065.802m3/day
2. Fire demand

FD=3182√ p

FD=3182√ 406.751

FD=64174.8l/min =92411.7m3/day
3. Industrial demand
Take 5% of TDWD
IWD=5%*20329.008m3/day
IWD= 1101.645m3/day
Total non-domestic water demand is 97493.95m3/day.
Total demand= Non-domestic demand+ domestic demand
Total demand =97493.95m3/day+20329.008 m3/day
Total demand= 117822.96 m3/day
Unaccounted value
15% of water demand
UAWD=15%* 117822.96 m3/day
UAWD=17673.444 m3/day
Finally total water demand is the summation of unaccounted water demand and total demand.
FTWD= 17673.444m3/day+117822.96 m3/day
FTWD=135496.404 m3/day=1.57m3/sec
Maximum daily demand factor

Population

20001-50000
50001 and above
Take 1.2
Maximum daily demand=MDF* FTWD
Maximum daily demand=1.2*1.57m3/sec
Maximum daily demand=1.884 m3/sec
1
The reservoir capacity= *MDD
3
1
The reservoir capacity = *1,884 m3/sec=0.63 m3/sec
3