Quadratics

2
The discriminant is b −4ac
2
b −4ac>0 2 Solutions
2
b −4ac=0 1 Solution
2 0 Solutions
b −4ac<0

Solving Quadratics

Factorise The Formula Complete the

−b±√ b −4ac
2 Square
x=
2a
 Differentiation
times then minus
4
y=3 x +5 x−2
dy 3
=12 x +5
dx
dy
is the tangent's gradient
dx
For the normal: flip and minus

Integration
Add then divide (don't forget to plus c!)

dy 3
=12 x +5
dx
4
y=3 x +5 x +c
Surds: Rationalising the Denominator
2
√3+1
2 ( √ 3−1)
√3+1 (√ 3−1)
2 √3−2
2
2 √3−2
2
√ 3−1
Indices
1
−11
2
9 =3 9 =
9
1
2 1 −2
√ x= x 2
=x
x
 Sequences and Series
U n=a+(n−1)d
n
S n = (2a +(n−1)d )
2
a=the first number
d =the common difference

Up to 3
term 3 ∑ (2n +1)=3+5+7=15
n=1
the sum
Starting with term 1

U n+1 =2Un + 2 U 1=4

U 2=2(4)+2=10
U 3=2 (10)+ 2=22
 Transformation of Graphs
y= f ( x )

Inside the bracket changes the x,

it does not do what it is told

y= f ( x−2) y= f (3 x )
Right 2 Divide x by 3

Outside the bracket changes the

y, it does what it is told

y= f ( x )+5 y=3 f (x )

Up 5 Multiply y by 3
 Coordinate Geometry
y=m x +c
y 2−y 1
Gradient=
x 2−x1
Distance is Pythagoras
(5,7) 2 2 2
x a +b =c
2 2 2
4 3 + 4 =c
√ 25=c
x
(2,3) 3 c=5

Parallel means same gradient

Perpendicular: flip and minus