UNITY UNIVERSITY

Individual assignments

MANAGING INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE

NAME-ESKEDAR TESFAYE
SECTION-1
ID-0177/12

Assignment-one
1, Interpersonal roles includes creating communication, connects and relations to develop the
superior subordinate relationship.

It includes figurehead, liaison and leader

 A figurehead is a necessary role for manager who wants to inspire people within the
organization to feel connected to each other and to the institution to support policies and
decision made on the behalf of the organization to work hard for the good of the
institution.
 Leader sets a clear vision for organization, motivate employs, guide employs through the
work processand build moral
 Liaison refers a relationship a link between people or groups who aids communication.

2, Informational roles- the manager is responsible for various collecting information which is
required to successfully complete the work.it includes the following roles

It includes monitor, disseminator and spokesperson

 Monitor includes seeking information regarding the issue that are affecting organization.
Also, this includes internal as well as external information.
 Disseminator –on receiving any important information from internal or external source,
the same needs to be disseminated or transmitted within the organization.
 Spokesperson-includes representing the organization and providing information about the
organization to outsiders.

3, Decisional roles-is one of the most important and crucial part of the managerial activities
because making decision the crux of completing the objective of organization. Decision take
over at different situation contribute to the overall competition of the work.

It includes entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator and negotiator

 Entrepreneur means involves all aspect associated with acting as initiator, designer and
also an encourager of innovation and change.
  Disturbance handler is taking correcting action when organization faces unexpected
difficulties which are important in nature
 Resource allocator being responsible for the optimum allocation of resource like time,
equipment, funds and also human resources.
 Negotiator includes representing the organization in negotiations which affect the
manager scope of responsibility.

Assignment-two
Write a short description about the role and responsibility of the following system development
activity participants

1, System analyst-is collecting and analyzing the requirements for a new system. They can be
responsible for generating documentation such as flow chart, collecting and analyzing
requirements, helping in software selection, and monitoring system once they are in place. They
are responsible for analyzing, designing and implementing systems to fulfill organizational
needs. Role of system analyst are differ from organization to organization. Most common
responsibilities of system analyst are the following

 System analysis-it includes system’s study in order to get facts about business activity. It
is about getting information and determining requirements. Here the responsibility
includes only requirements determination, not the design of the system.
 System analysis and design: analyst is also responsible for the designing of the new
system or application.
 Systems analysis, design, and programming: analyst is also required to perform as a
programmer, where he actually writes the code to implement the design of the proposed
application.

2, Designer- is to develop a comprehensive plan and instructions which can be given to the
programmer. The key input document that the system designer will use is the requirements
specification which was developed by the system analyst. So it is the process of defining the
architecture, modules, interface, and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements.
3, Developer, also known as a computer programmer, you will be playing a key role in the
design, installation, testing and maintenance of software systems. The programs you create are
likely to help businesses be more efficient and provide a better service.

 Researching, designing, implementing and managing software programs.

 Testing and evaluating new programs
 Identifying areas for modifications in existing programs and subsequently developing
these modifications.
 Writing and implementing efficient code.
 Determining operational practicality
 Developing quality assurance procedures
 Deploying software tools, processes, and metrics
 Maintaining and upgrading existing systems.

4, Tester: is an essential part of the software development life cycle. Playing a significant role in
defining the success rate of a particular product, owing to the same reason the software testing
team plays a crucial role even after the products development is completed. Therefore, it is
important to ensure that this software testing team includes a perfect mix of talented as well as
capable professionals who are also domain experts. They are responsible for the quality of
software development and deployment. They are involved in performing automated and manual
test to ensure the software created by developers is fit for purpose. Some of the duties include
analysis of software, and systems, mitigate risk and prevent software issue.

5, Customer or stakeholder: is anyone who impacts or is impacted by an organization’s action or

products. By that definitions, customer, users, and anyone inside your organization with an
interest in your product is classified as a stakeholder. Some of the role are

 Have legal decision-making rights and may control project scheduling and budgetary
issues. Most project stakeholder have responsibilities to business that include educating
developers, financing project, creating scheduling parameters and setting milestone
dates.
  Stakeholder is usually an investor in your company whose actions determines the
outcomes of your own business decisions.

6, Managers: is to ensure the daily functioning of a department or group of employee. Some of

the responsibilities and duties are

 Direct project manager, testers, configurations and business analysts

 Develop tactical and strategic business plans and implement them
 Approve project specific deployment and implementation strategies
 Define approaches and constraints on vendor management strategies
 Approve project schedules and scope changes
 Direct software applications development activities.
 Scope and estimate development efforts on product requirements
 Obtain transportation domain trends information and ascertain ACS software products’
impact.
 Review system applications current status and suggest enhancement

7, Supervisors: must handle a variety of tasks in order to satisfy all of their core responsibilities
in area of computer system analysis, installation, maintenance and upgrades. Some of the duties
and responsibilities of supervisors are

 Install and maintain computer system- IT supervisor generally run the IT team that
initially installs a company’s internal network and computer system. They analyze a
company’s technology needs, develop systems and software, implement hardware and
software, conduct tests and maintain ongoing operations of all systems
 Upgrade existing technology-it is typically up to IT supervisors to evaluate a company’s
systems and determine the need for upgrades. They monitor information about upgrades
to specific system and schedule upgrade as need
 Ensure data recovery: in emergency situations, it is imperative that companies have a data
recovery system in place. IT supervisor are typically responsible for creating a disaster
recovery plan for corporate data and systems. IT supervisors also assess data risk factors.
  Manage IT staff and operations: from hiring and training staff to setting work schedules
and establishing department procedures, IT supervisor are generally responsible for all
aspects of the operations of an IT department. They arrange for ongoing staff training and
professional development, create work assignment, assemble installation teams, oversee
help disk operations and perform employee evaluations.

8, Domain experts: is a person with special knowledge or skills in a particular area of endeavor.
Some of the development workers may experts in one domain and not the other. The role of
domain experts are someone who has an identified area of expertise. Brings expert knowledge of
a subject to the development of reusable assets in the product line.

9, End-users: responsibilities of an end user support include providing professional support to the
customers and computer users, detecting flaws in the computer hardware, software and other
equipment’s and repairing the same.

Assignment-Three

1, why computer networking is important?

Computer networking is important for

 File sharing: networking of computers help the network user to share data files.
 Hardware sharing: users can share device such as printer, scanner, CD-ROM drives, hard
drives etc. Without computer networking, devices sharing isn’t possible.
 Application sharing: application can be shared over the network and this allows to
implement client/server application.
 User communication: networks allow users to communicate using email, newsgroups and
video conferencing.
 Network gaming: a lot of network game are available which allow multi user to play
from different locations.
  Voice over IP: is a revolutionary change in telecommunication which allows to send
telephone calls (voice data) using standard internet protocol (IP) rather than by traditional
PSTN.

2, what makes a connection a broadband connection?

Broadband is a high speed connection to the internet. Before broadband, internet access was
achieved with narrow band or dial-up connection that were very slow by today’s standard.
Broadband sends information in the form of an analog signal. Each transmission is assigned to a
portion of the bandwidth, hence multiple transmission are possible at the same time. Broadband
communication is unidirectional, so in order to send and receive, two pathway are needed. This
can be accomplished either by assigning a frequency for sending and assigning a frequency for
receiving along the same cable or by using two cables, one for sending and one for receiving. In
broadband frequency-division multiplexing is possible.

3, what is an LAN (Local area network)?

 It is privately-owned networks within a single building or campus of up to a few

kilometers in size.
 They are widely used to connect personal computer and workstations in company offices
and factories to share resource (e.g., printers) and exchange informations.
 LANs are easy to design and troubleshoot.
 In LAN, all the machine are connected to a single cable.
 Different type of topologies such as bus, ring, star and tree are used.
 The data transfer rate for LAN is up to 10 G bits/s.
 They exist in a limited geographical area.
 They transfer data at high speeds. High transmission rate are possible in LAN because of
a short distance between various computer networks.

4, what is an MAN (metropolitan area network)?

  MAN is a larger version of LAN which covers an area that is larger than the covered by
LAN but smaller than the area covered by WAN.
 A metropolitan area network or MAN covers a city. The best-known example of a MAN
is the cable television network available in many cities.
 MAN connect two or more LANs
 At first, the companies began jumping in to the business, getting contracts from city
government to wire up an entire city.
 The next step was television programming and even entire channels designed for cable
only.

5, what is a WAN (wide area network)?

 WAN spans a large geographical area, often a country or region.

 WAN links different metropolitan’s countries and national boundaries there by enabling
easy communication.
 It may be located entirely with in a state or a country or it may be interconnected around
the world.
 It contains a collection of machines intended for running user (i.e., application) programs.
We will follow traditional usage and call these machines hosts.
 The communication between different users of WAN is established using leased
telephone lines or satellite links and similar channels.

6, what is the difference between an intranet and extranet?

 Intranet is network where employees can create, communicate, collaborate, get stuff done
and develop the company culture.
 Extranet is like an intranet but also provides controlled access to authorized customers,
vendors, partners, or others outside the company
 The prefix intra means within or inside. Therefore, an intranet is the company’s digital
workspace that centralize and streamline every person, document, tool, conversation, and
project within your company. The major difference from an extranet, however, is that an
 intranet is used internally. While an extranet allows businesses to communicate with
client and vendor, an intranet allows employee and colleagues to work together in a
virtual space-no outside parties are involved.
 Intranet is regulated by an organization but extranet is regulated by multiple organization.
 Intranet is a high security configured under 100 security level in firewall whereas
extranet generally uses VPN technology for secured communication over internet.