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INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

PROJECT ON
COUNTRY PROFILING OF MAURITIUS AND SOUTH
AFRICA

SUBMITTED BY: AKASH WANKHADE


PRATIK SHAH
TANVIR SINGH
MAURITUS

MAURITUS GEOGRAPHY AT A GLANCE


Mauritius is part of the Mascarene Islands. This archipelago was formed in a series of undersea
volcanic eruptions 8-10 million years ago, as the African plate drifted over the Reunion hotspot.
They are no longer volcanically active, and the hotspot now rests under Reunion. The island of
Mauritius itself is formed around a central plateau, with its highest peak in the southwest, Piton
de la Petite Riviera Noire at 828 meters (2,717 ft.). Around the plateau, the original crater can
still be distinguished from several mountains.

The island's capital and largest city is Port Louis, in the northwest. Other important towns are
Rose-Hill and Beau-Basin, Curepipe, Vacoas, Phoenix, QuatreBornes.

ECONOMY OF MAURITIUS
Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low-income, agriculturally based
economy to a middle income diversified economy with growing industrial, financial, and
touristsectors. For most of the period, annual growth has been of the order of 5% to 6%. This has
been reflected in increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality and improved infrastructure.

Mauritius has the sixth-highest GDP per capita in Africa, behind Seychelles (US$19,274 at
PPP), Equatorial Guinea (US$16,853 at PPP), Gabon (US$14,421 at PPP), Libya (US$14,381 at
PPP) and Botswana (US$13,417 at PPP).The economy is mainly dependent on sugarcane
plantations, tourism, textiles, and services, but other sectors such as Seafood processing,
information technology and medical tourism are rapidly developing as well. Mauritius, Libya,
and Seychelles are the only three African nations with a "high" Human Development Index
rating. Reunion, as part of France, is not listed by the UN in their Human Development Index
ranking.

Sugar cane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 25% of export
earnings. Mauritius is a good example of a monocrop economy but since it is no more dependent
only upon agriculture, using this term would not be apt. However, a record-setting drought
severely damaged the sugar crop in 1999. The government's development strategy centers on
foreign investment. Mauritius has attracted more than 9,000 offshore entities; many aimed at
commerce in India and South Africa while investment in the banking sector alone has reached
over $1 billion. Economic performance during the period from 2000 through 2004 combined
strong economic growth with unemployment at 7.6% in December 2004. France is the country's
biggest trading partner, has close ties with the country, and provides technical assistance in
various forms.

In order to provide locals with access to imports at lower prices and attract more tourists going to
Singapore and Dubai, Mauritius is gearing towards becoming a duty-free island within the next
four years. Duty has been eliminated for several products and decreased for more than 1850
products including clothing, food, jewelry, photographic equipment, audio visual equipment and
lighting equipment. In addition, reforms aimed at attracting new business opportunities have also
been implemented. But, one of the biggest impediments is the traffic movement between the
towns, which is slowing the development of Mauritius. The corporate tax has recently been
reduced to 15% to encourage nonresident companies to trade or invest through a permanent
establishment or otherwise.

Mauritius ranks first among all countries in FDI inflows to India, with cumulative inflows
amounting to US$10.98 billion. The top sectors attracting FDI inflows from Mauritius between
January 2000 and December 2005 were electrical equipment, telecommunications, fuels, cement
and gypsum products and services sector (financial and non-financial).

Mauritius is one country that has achieved successful economic and human development with a
dual-track approach to economic liberalization, whereby poorer sections of society have
participated in its economic growth. The experience of Mauritius has been used, alongside a
number of other countries that have adopted a dual-track approach, to highlight the benefits to
both economic growth and human development.

EDUCATION PRACTISES
Before 2001, most prestigious schools used to be called "Star Schools" and each year, the CPE
pupils would compete against each other to gain entrance to those schools based on a ranking
system. In 2001, the government - with Steven Obeegadoo as minister of Education - decided
that there would be an educational reform in Mauritius. The ranking system was abolished and
replaced by the grading system coupled with the regionalization system which advocates going
to a school near one's residence. In February 2006, with Dharambeer Gokhool as minister of
Education, the "A+" system, which is similar to the pre-2001 system, was introduced. CPE
students now need to get "A+" in all their subjects to gain admission to "National Colleges"
which consequently became as much coveted as the "Star Schools" were before the reform.

CULTURES PREVALENT
The cuisine of Mauritius is a blend of Indian, Creole, Chinese and European influences. It is
common for a combination of cuisines to form part of the same meal.
The production of rum, which is made from sugar cane, is widespread on the island. Sugarcane
was first introduced to Mauritius by the Dutch in 1638. The Dutch mainly cultivated sugarcane
for the production of "arrack", a precursor to rum. However, it was during the French and British
administrations that sugar production was fully exploited. Pierre Charles François Harel was the
first to propose the concept of local distillation of rum in Mauritius, in 1850. Beer is also
produced on the Island, by the Phoenix Brewery.

MAURITIUS- POLITICALLY SPEAKING


Mauritius follows a multi-party system. A multi-party system is a system in which multiple
political parties have the capacity to gain control of government separately or in coalition. The
effective number of parties in a multi-party system is normally larger than two but lower than
ten.

Unlike a single-party system (or a non-partisan democracy), it encourages the general


constituency to form multiple distinct, officially recognized groups, generally called political
parties. Each party competes for votes from the enfranchised constituents (those allowed to
vote). A multi-party system prevents the leadership of a single party from controlling a single
legislative chamber without challenge.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF INDUSTRIES IN MAURITIUS


There are many industries on the island of Mauritius. Some of the main industries in Mauritius
are textiles, chemicals, food processing, tourism, metal products, non-electrical machinery and
transport equipment.

It seems that textile has been one of the major industries in Mauritius for the past 30 years. The
Chinese population of Mauritius is mainly responsible for the development of textile on the
island. Hong Kong investors also play a major part in Mauritian textile development. There are
hundreds of factories on the island of Mauritius. In these factories items are produced for brand
names like Burberry, JCPenny and Giorgio Armani. Over the years, there has been an uprising in
wages in Mauritius. This brings about more wealth on the island. Today, a textile/ garment
laborer may be able to make about 150 dollars a month. This may not seem like much to an
American, but it is actually four or even five times more than Mauritius' surrounding countries.

The food processing industry in Mauritius is largely composed of sugar milling. The Sugar cane
industry arrived in Mauritius in the year of 1639. There are so many sugar-cane fields in
Mauritius. There is also now organic sugar production on the island. The Sugar Industry is facing
a few setbacks at the moment. Sugar prices have decreased in the markets. In addition to price
decrease, production cost has increased. This means people are not paying as much as they have
been for sugar and the cost of production is much higher. There has also been a loss in sugar-
cane crop territories, so there is not as much sugar being produced on the island. These problems
can be solved. The Sugar-cane Industry in Mauritius may be able to survive this economic
struggle and continue being a main industry of the island.
By visiting the island of Mauritius, you will get an idea of all the industries there. Who knows?
You may even want to invest in one of the major industries of Mauritius.

TRADE BLOC PARTICIPATION


Mauritius is a part of the common wealth member nations. The common wealth nations,
normally referred to as the commonwealth and previously known as the British common wealth,
is an intergovernmental organization of fifty-four independent member states. All but two
(Mozambique and Rwanda) of these countries were formerly part of the British Empire.

The member states co-operate within a framework of common values and goals as outlined in the
Singapore Declaration. These include the promotion of democracy, human rights, good
governance and therule of law, individual liberty, egalitarianism, free trade, multilateralism and
world peace. The Commonwealth is not a political union, but an intergovernmental organization
through which countries with diverse social, political and economic backgrounds are regarded as
equal in status.

INDIA – MAURITIUS TRADE REALATIONS


 Removing government controls and creating an atmosphere of trust and transparency to
promote industrialization and trades.
 Simplification of commercial and legal procedures and bringing down transaction costs.
 Simplification of levies and duties on inputs used in export products.
 Facilitating technological and infrastructural modification of all the sectors of the Indian
economy, especially through imports and thereby increasing value addition and
productivity, while attaining global standards of quality.
 Neutralizing inverted duty structures and ensuring that India's domestic sectors are not
disadvantaged in the Free Trade Agreements/Regional
TradeAgreements/PreferentialTrade Agreements that India enters into in order to enhance
exports.
 Modernization of infrastructural network, both physical and virtual, related to the entire
Foreign Trade chain, to global standards.
 Revitalizing the Board of Trade by redefining its role.
 Involving Indian Embassies as an important member of export strategy and linking all
commercial houses at international locations through an electronic platform for real time
trade, intelligence and inquiry and information dissemination.

India Mauritius Trade Relations policy adopted by Mauritius

 Investment guarantees to promote joint ventures


 Identify items of trade and investment
 Boost bilateral trade
 Arrest illegal trade between the two countries

Further, to strengthen and consolidate India Mauritius trade relations and to promote cooperation
between the two countries the governments of both the countries are working in the lines of:

 Economy
 Commerce
 Formulatea Comprehensive Economic Cooperation and Partnership Agreement
 Investmentand economic cooperation
 Indianinvestments in Mauritius

Mauritius's core competencies like strategic location and trade agreements at multilateral and
local levels to serve as a launch pad for Indian investors in Mauritius market and other markets
through its various trade agreements. Governments of Mauritius and the EXIM Bank of India
have identified areas of investment for Indian corporate sectors such as:

 Manufacturing
 Financial services
 SMEs
 Tourism
 Health
 Education and knowledge
 ICT
 Capacity enhancement

The forum of India Mauritius trade relations has suggested future plans to:

 Encourage Indian investments in Mauritius and joint India-Mauritius investments into the
region.
 Increase Indian investment and transfer of technology and know-how, which would
propel the process of economic development in the region.

Furthermore, a tremendous opportunity exists for the cooperation between the two countries in a
mutually beneficial manner, facilitated by:

 India Mauritius JBC - A joint business forum which showcases each other’s
commodities to their individual business and trade partners to promote each other’s
business and trade.
 The India Mauritius JBC uses their individual trade partner's business and
tradeagreements to facilitate business and trade promotion of each other.
SOUTH AFRICA

SOUTH AFRICA GEOGRAPHY AT A GLANCE


South Africa occupies the southern tip of Africa, its long coastline stretching more than 2 500km
from the desert border with Namibia on the Atlantic coast, southwards around the tip of Africa,
then north to the border with subtropical Mozambique on the Indian Ocean.

The low-lying coastal zone is narrow for much of that distance, soon giving way to a
mountainous escarpment that separates it from the high inland plateau. In some places, notably
the province of KwaZulu-Natal in the east, a greater distance separates the coast from the
escarpment.

Size and provinces and culture


South Africa is a medium-sized country, with a total land area of slightly more than 1.2-million
square kilometers, making it roughly the same size as Niger, Angola, Mali and Colombia.

It is one-eighth the size of the US, twice the size of France and over three times the size of
Germany. South Africa measures some 1 600km from north to south, and roughly the same from
east to west.

The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of Africa, with a
2,798 kilometers (1,739 mi) coastline on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. To the north lie
Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is
an independent country wholly surrounded by South African territory.

South Africa is known for diversity in cultures and languages. Eleven official languages are
recognized in the constitution. Two of these languages are of European origin: Afrikaans, a
language which originated mainly from Dutch that is spoken by the majority of white and
Coloured South Africans, and South African English. Though English has a large role in public
and commercial life, it is nevertheless only the fifth most-spoken home language.[9]

South Africa is ethnically diverse. About 79.5% of the South African population is of black
African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different Bantu languages,
nine of which have official status. South Africa also contains the largest European, Asian, and
racially mixed communities in Africa. About a quarter of the population is unemployed and
lives on less than US $1.25 a day.
Government and politics
South Africa has three capital cities: Cape Town, the largest of the three, is the legislative
capital; Pretoria is the administrative capital; and Bloemfontein is the judicial capital. South
Africa has a bicameral parliament: the National Council of Provinces (the upper house) has 90
members, while the National Assembly (the lower house) has 400 members.

Members of the lower house are elected on a population basis by proportional representation:
half of the members are elected from national lists and the other half are elected from provincial
lists. Ten members are elected to represent each province in the National Council of Provinces,
regardless of the population of the province. Elections for both chambers are held every five
years. The government is formed in the lower house, and the leader of the majority party in the
National Assembly is the President.

The primary sources of South Africa law are Roman-Dutch mercantile law and personal law with
English Common law, as imports of Dutch settlements and British colonialism.[33] The first
European based law in South Africa was brought by the Dutch East India Company and is called
Roman-Dutch law. It was imported before the codification of European law into the Napoleonic
Code and is comparable in many ways to Scots law. This was followed in the 19th century by
English law, both common and statutory. Starting in 1910 with unification, South Africa had its
own parliament which passed laws specific for South Africa, building on those previously passed
for the individual member colonies.

Foreign relations
Since the end of apartheid, the South African foreign policy has focused on its African partners
particularly in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the African Union.
South Africa has played a key role as a mediator in African conflicts over the last decade, such
as in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Comoros, and Zimbabwe. After apartheid
ended, South Africa was readmitted to the Commonwealth of Nations.

Climate
South Africa has a generally a temperate climate due in part to being surrounded by the Atlantic
and Indian Oceans on three sides, by its location in the climatically milder southern hemisphere
and due to the average elevation rising steadily towards the north (towards the equator) and
further inland. Due to this varied topography and oceanic influence, a great variety of climatic
zones exist.

The climatic zones vary, from the extreme desert of the southern Namibia in the farthest
northwest to the lush subtropical climate in the east along the Mozambique border and the Indian
Ocean. From the east, the land quickly rises over a mountainous escarpment towards the interior
plateau known as the Highveld. Even though South Africa is classified as semi-arid, there is
considerable variation in climate as well as topography.
The extreme southwest has a climate remarkably similar to that of the mediterrian with wet
winters and hot, dry summers; hosting the famous FynbosBiome of grassland and thicket this
area also produces much of the wine in South Africa. This region is also particularly known for
its wind, which blows intermittently almost all year. The severity of this wind made passing
around the Cape of Good Hope particularly treacherous for sailors, causing many shipwrecks.
Further east on the south coast, rainfall is distributed more evenly throughout the year, producing
a green landscape. This area is popularly known as the garden route.

INDIA – SOUTH AFRICA TRADE REALATIONS


In 2008-09, the bilateral trade between India and South Africa touched $7.41 billion. Having said
that, it is imperative to state it was South Africa that gained immensely from this two-way trade. 
While South Africa exports to India phenomenally rose to $5.44 million, while India’s exports to
South Africa was a mere $1.97 billion.   South Africa principally exports Gold bullion to India,
while India polishes and processes diamonds from South African mines. South Africa is more
than willingly to sign a free trade agreement with India and Southern Africa Customs Union
(SACU). SACU includes Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland along with South Africa.  

Major South Africa Exports to India include: Oil (Not Crude) From Petrol & Bitum Mineral Etc.
Motor Cars & Vehicles, Rice, Iron & Steel and Auto components.

Major South Africa Imports from India include: Iron & Steel, Diphosphorus Pent oxide;
Phosphoric Acid Etc, Coal; Briquettes, Ovoids, Coal, Copper Ores and Concentrates, Ferrous
Waste & Scrap; Remelt Scr Iron/Steel.

India has become the 6th largest trading partner to the South Africa in Asia region. With the
bilateral trade of more than US$2 billion in a year, both nations have entered into the new era of
trade. South Africa has entered into many different types of co-operation agreements with India,
which is covering the various sector of technology, telecommunications and small business
enterprises (SMEs). With the India's association, the South Africa has set up the 'India-South
African Commercial Alliance' and has established a center for facilitating the consultations on
the ministerial level for the political and economic matters. South Africa has also adopted the
'New Delhi Agenda for Cooperation', a south-south cooperation agreement with the India and
Brazil. The agreement will allow all the 3 countries to discuss and share their opportunities,
achievements and experiences.

During 1992-93, India and South Africa has the total trade of US$3 million, which has shown a
massive increase over the years. In 2004-05, India's total trade has crossed the mark of US$3.1
billion. It is due to this steady increase that the India has become the 6th largest trading partner
of the South Africa in the Asia region and has also bagged the title of 20th largest exporter and
import market in throughout the world. India is from the group of top 10 investing companies of
South Africa, with the investments that has reached to R10 billion. Tata Motors, with estimated
investments of around R9 billion, has been characterized as the South Africa's sixth largest
investor company. It has made most of the India's investment in South Africa. The Tata Group
has made a diversification of investments in the South Africa in the various sectors- iron and
steel, motor vehicles industry with the hotel industry is on cards. Mr. Jerry Matjila, South
Africa's foreign affairs deputy, is confident enough that by 2011, trade of both nations would be
able to reach R20 billion. In last 10 years of time span, trade between both nations has risen to a
new height from R200 million of 1995 to R18 billion in 2007.

The trading relationship between India and South Africa can be underpinned by various bilateral
agreements. Like in 2003, an agreement called the India-Brazil and South Africa agreement' was
signed with the purpose of fostering the corporation and coordination activities between these
nations on global level. The tourism sector of both nations has also seen a tremendous growth
rate. Indian tourism sector to the South Africa has increased by 17 per cent in 2006, whereas it
has made an additional high of 16.9 per cent in 2007. Since 1994 South Africa is busy in
building its relations with the Asian nations by engaging into bilateral trading activities with
them and executing agreements in respect of various sectors like scientific and technological
exchange, international development assistance and various investment strategies.

South Africal Trade - EXPORT: .INDIA IN


Annu
al
 R a n Proportion Grow
Section EXPORT (R 000) k 2010 th
SEP- 20 20 %To Cum 2010-
name 2010 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 10 09 tal . 2009
1,543, 11,254, 11,012, 6,659,6 3,513, 836,9 68.7 68.7 36.3
 SECTION V : MINERAL PRODUCTS 416 966 414 38 414 46 1 1 % % %
 SECTION XV: BASE METALS AND ARTICLES OF 284,5 1,746,3 2,434,4 3,174,3 2,340, 1,232, 10.7 79.3
BASE METAL 09 70 59 74 720 592 2 3 % % -4.4%
-
 SECTION VI:PRODUCTS OF THE CHEMICAL OR 253,2 1,662,2 2,818,3 6,482,5 1,791, 1,562, 10.1 89.5 21.4
ALLIED INDUSTRIES 69 50 76 62 801 069 3 2 % % %
 SECTION XIV: NATURAL OR CULTURED PEARLS, 32,59 493,81 368,35 397,49 289,6 166,8 3.0 92.5 78.7
PRECIOUS OR SEMI-PR 3 2 9 7 84 96 4 4 % % %
 SECTION XVI:MACHINERY & MECHANICAL 41,13 421,12 326,42 317,34 349,1 549,0 2.6 95.0 72.0
APPLIANCES; ELECTRICAL EQ 0 0 2 5 41 75 5 5 % % %
 SECTION X : PULP OF WOOD OR OF OTHER 24,43 278,15 209,78 514,73 439,0 359,2 1.7 96.7 76.8
FIBROUS CELLULOSIC MATE 5 4 4 8 17 93 6 8 % % %
23,18 165,00 176,51 203,18 231,7 146,2 1.0 97.8 24.6
 SECTION XI: TEXTILES & TEXTILE ARTICLES 4 1 7 6 97 51 7 9 % % %
-
 SECTION VII: PLASTICS & ARTICLES THEREOF; 126,83 248,73 33,40 28,56 0.8 98.5 32.0
RUBBER & ARTICLES 5,305 8 7 66,911 7 4 8 7 % % %
 SECTION XIII: ARTICLES OF STONE,PLASTER, 102,63 0.6 99.2 2133.
CEMENT, ASBESTOS, M 3,691 1 6,127 9,268 8,209 9,338 9 16 % % 4%
 SECTION II: VEGETABLE PRODUCTS 8,541 35,136 17,905 21,246 20,22 7,959 10 14 0.2 99.4 161.6
9 % % %
-
 SECTION IV : PREPARED FOODSTUFFS; 105,33 94,25 0.2 99.6 60.8
BEVERAGES, SPIRITS, &VINEG 1,224 30,931 5 60,713 9 7,558 11 10 % % %
-
 SECTION XVII: VEHICLES, AIRCRAFT, VESSELS & 95,92 223,2 0.2 99.7 49.4
ASSOCIATED TRANS 3,585 24,847 65,524 31,872 0 68 12 11 % % %
-
 SECTION XVIII : OPTICAL,PHOTOGRAPHIC, 18,74 31,52 0.1 99.8 25.6
CINEMATOGRAPHIC, MEASU 121 21,873 39,198 49,012 1 4 13 12 % % %
-
252,23 19,69 0.1 99.9 92.5
 SECTION XXII: OTHER UNCLASSIFIED GOODS 68 14,270 1 78,640 742 0 14 6 % % %
-
 SECTION VIII: RAW HIDES & SKINS, LEATHER, 0.0 100. 24.6
FURSKINS& ARTICLES 598 6,043 10,692 3,027 2,283 1,851 15 15 % 0% %
 SECTION XX: MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURED 0.0 100. 19.6
ARTICLES 199 3,020 3,365 2,199 894 749 16 17 % 0% %
-
 SECTION IX : WOOD & ARTICLES OF WOOD; 0.0 100. 93.6
WOOD CHARCOAL; CORK & 0 1,403 29,095 552 143 194 17 13 % 0% %
 SECTION XXI : WORKS OF ART,COLLECTORS' 0.0 100.
PIECES, & ANTIQUES 0 991 1,290 948 883 495 18 18 % 0% 2.4%
0.0 100.
 SECTION I: LIVE ANIMALS; ANIMAL PRODUCTS 0 370 529 123 647 2,005 19 20 % 0% -6.8%
-
 SECTION XII: FOOTWEAR, HEADGEAR, 0.0 100. 89.4
UMBRELLAS, SUN UMBRELLAS,WA 37 85 1,075 437 43 830 20 19 % 0% %
2,225, 16,390, 18,127, 18,074, 9,232, 5,404, 100. 100. 20.6
  Total: Section 905 113 454 290 017 650 24 0 0% 0% %
South African Trade by countries - .INDIA IN -
Sections
South Africal Trade - IMPORT: .INDIA IN
Ann
ual
 R a Proporti Gro
Section IMPORT (R 000) nk on 2010 wth
201
0-
SEP- 20 20 %T Cu 200
name 2010 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 10 09 otal m. 9
595, 4,478, 4,158, 6,106, 3,261, 1,922, 29. 29. 43.
 SECTION V : MINERAL PRODUCTS 850 853 547 144 766 637 1 1 5% 5% 6%
 SECTION VI:PRODUCTS OF THE 257, 2,247, 2,745, 2,628, 1,420, 1,281, 14. 44. 9.2
CHEMICAL OR ALLIED INDUSTRIES 228 656 497 854 486 009 2 2 8% 3% %
 SECTION XVII: VEHICLES, AIRCRAFT, 225, 2,051, 1,381, 1,252, 1,443, 1,946, 13. 57. 98.
VESSELS & ASSOCIATED TRANS 322 345 689 088 444 178 3 4 5% 8% 0%
 SECTION XVI:MACHINERY & MECHANICAL 230, 2,036, 2,264, 2,674, 1,236, 957,7 13. 71. 19.
APPLIANCES; ELECTRICAL EQ 922 367 463 779 042 12 4 3 4% 3% 9%
 SECTION XV: BASE METALS AND 124, 1,043, 913,9 1,575, 1,076, 1,429, 6.9 78. 52.
ARTICLES OF BASE METAL 557 741 19 901 618 747 5 6 % 1% 3%
 SECTION XI: TEXTILES & TEXTILE 125, 779,6 1,000, 976,0 869,9 732,0 5.1 83. 3.9
ARTICLES 368 54 896 55 13 81 6 5 % 3% %
 SECTION VII: PLASTICS & ARTICLES 52,2 501,0 538,1 630,3 425,2 319,3 3.3 86. 24.
THEREOF; RUBBER & ARTICLES 57 18 23 74 50 77 7 7 % 6% 1%
49,0 370,7 438,0 662,8 937,1 808,7 2.4 89. 12.
 SECTION II: VEGETABLE PRODUCTS 71 44 25 88 45 79 8 8 % 0% 9%
 SECTION IV : PREPARED FOODSTUFFS; 40,3 347,2 391,1 393,3 217,0 143,9 2.3 91. 18.
BEVERAGES, SPIRITS, &VINEG 14 69 54 67 23 00 9 9 % 3% 4%
 SECTION XIV: NATURAL OR CULTURED 25,9 284,2 290,7 295,0 245,4 210,0 1.9 93. 30.
PEARLS, PRECIOUS OR SEMI-PR 09 68 16 45 38 62 10 10 % 2% 4%
 SECTION XXIII: SPECIAL CLASSIFICATION 13,2 144,7 160,3 443,5 327,6 264,9 1.0 94. 20.
PROVISIONS:ORIGINAL EQ 96 42 65 94 97 51 11 13 % 1% 3%
 SECTION X : PULP OF WOOD OR OF 28,1 139,3 121,7 112,7 69,42 51,66 0.9 95. 52.
OTHER FIBROUS CELLULOSIC MATE 54 29 40 90 0 7 12 18 % 0% 6%
 SECTION XX: MISCELLANEOUS 16,5 137,0 153,2 162,5 139,8 123,2 0.9 95. 19.
MANUFACTURED ARTICLES 26 04 68 85 23 42 13 14 % 9% 2%
 SECTION VIII: RAW HIDES & SKINS, 17,9 133,6 149,6 181,4 199,4 176,9 0.9 96. 19.
LEATHER, FURSKINS& ARTICLES 87 01 77 96 02 83 14 15 % 8% 0%
 SECTION XIII: ARTICLES OF 14,7 128,0 166,4 182,4 156,4 146,7 0.8 97. 2.5
STONE,PLASTER, CEMENT, ASBESTOS, M 25 13 91 23 23 41 15 12 % 7% %
 SECTION XII: FOOTWEAR, HEADGEAR, 17,1 104,0 122,3 102,4 79,78 103,1 0.7 98. 13.
UMBRELLAS, SUN UMBRELLAS,WA 89 67 03 04 9 68 16 17 % 4% 5%
 SECTION XVIII : -
OPTICAL,PHOTOGRAPHIC, 16,2 103,1 148,6 157,9 159,4 113,6 0.7 99. 7.5
CINEMATOGRAPHIC, MEASU 90 48 90 65 65 25 17 16 % 0% %
 SECTION I: LIVE ANIMALS; ANIMAL 8,95 93,16 213,8 204,5 187,6 185,9 18 11 0.6 99. -
41.
PRODUCTS 7 5 18 22 18 10 % 7% 9%
 SECTION III : ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE 4,17 34,06 39,32 55,47 34,71 20,64 0.2 99. 15.
FATS & OILS& THEIR CLEAVAG 2 7 6 0 0 4 19 19 % 9% 5%
 SECTION XXII: OTHER UNCLASSIFIED 1,41 10,28 0.1 99. 116
GOODS 7 7 6,324 5,923 3,761 2,315 20 21 % 9% .9%
-
 SECTION IX : WOOD & ARTICLES OF 11,54 13,12 12,48 0.0 100 16.
WOOD; WOOD CHARCOAL; CORK & 972 5,823 9,249 1 5 6 21 20 % .0% 1%
 SECTION XXI : WORKS OF 0.0 100 28.
ART,COLLECTORS' PIECES, & ANTIQUES 269 2,517 2,622 5,123 5,687 7,105 22 22 % .0% 0%
1,86
6,75 15,17 15,41 18,82 12,51 10,96 100 100 31.
  Total: Section 4 6,679 6,904 1,370 0,077 0,347 24 0 .0% .0% 3%

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