UNIT 1

• MEANING OF WORDS : (nouns – verbs )

1- Self – portrait : is a representation of an artist that is drawn,
painted, photographed, or sculpted by that artist .
. ‫ ھﻲ ﺗﻣﺛﯾل ﻟﻔﻧﺎن ﯾرﺳﻣﮫ أو ﯾﺻوره أو ﻧﺣﺗﮫ‬:‫اﻟﺻورة اﻟذاﺗﯾﺔ‬

2- Represent : to represent (also: to act, to act, to epitomize, to

exemplify, to mutilate, to play, to play out, to portray, to
pose, to typify) ‫ ﯾُﻤﺜﻞ‬.

3- Unborn : not yet born. ‫ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ‬.

4- Maternal : related through the mother's side of the family.

. (‫ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻷم ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﺮة )اﻣﻮﻣﺔ‬
5- Biography : is a detailed description of a person's life .
. ‫ ھﻮ وﺻﻒ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬: ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺮة اﻟﺬاﺗﯿﺔ‬
6- poliomyelitis : is a disabling and life-threatening disease
caused by the poliovirus. The virus spreads from person to
person and can infect a person's spinal cord, causing paralysis
(can't move parts of the body).
‫ ﯾﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬.‫ ھﻮ ﻣﺮض ﯾﺴﺒﺐ اﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ وﯾﮭﺪد اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﯾﺴﺒﺒﮫ ﻓﯿﺮوس ﺷﻠﻞ اﻷطﻔﺎل‬:‫ﺷﻠﻞ اﻷطﻔﺎل‬
‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺸﻠﻞ )ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬، ‫اﻟﻔﯿﺮوس ﻣﻦ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻵﺧﺮ وﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﺼﯿﺐ اﻟﺤﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻲ‬
.(‫ﺗﺤﺮﯾﻚ أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬
7- Tram :a low four-wheeled cart or barrow used in coal mines.
.(‫ ﻋﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ذات أرﺑﻊ ﻋﺠﻼت أو ﻋﺮﺑﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺟﻢ اﻟﻔﺤﻢ )ﺗﺸﺒﮫ اﻟﻘﻄﺎر‬:‫ﺗﺮام‬

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 8- Position :a place where someone or something is located or
has been put.
.‫ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﺬي ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﯿﮫ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ أو ﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ أو ﺗﻢ وﺿﻌﮫ‬:‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬/‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ‬
9- Significance : the quality of being worthy of attention;
importance.
. ‫ ﺻﻔﺔ اﻟﺠﺪارة ﺑﺎﻻھﺘﻤﺎم ؛ أھﻤﯿﺔ‬:‫اﻷھﻤﯿﺔ‬
10- Relationship : the way in which two or more concepts,
objects, or people are connected, or the state of being
connected.
.‫ أو ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬، ‫ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﮭﺎ ﻣﻔﮭﻮﻣﺎن أو أﻛﺜﺮ أو أﺷﯿﺎء أو أﺷﺨﺎص‬:‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬
11- Jealous : feeling or showing envy of someone or their
achievements and advantages.
.‫ اﻟﺸﻌﻮر أو إظﮭﺎر اﻟﺤﺴﺪ ﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ أو إﻧﺠﺎزاﺗﮫ وﻣﺰاﯾﺎه‬:‫اﻟﻐﯿﺮة‬
12- Responsibility : the state or fact of having a duty to deal with
something or of having control over someone.
.‫ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ أو ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ وﺟﻮد واﺟﺐ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ أو اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺔ‬
13- Criticize : to act as a critic , to consider the merits and
demerits of and judge accordingly. to find fault with
something.
. ‫ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺎﻗﺪو اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺰاﯾﺎ وﻋﯿﻮب واﻟﺤﻜﻢ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ و أن ﯾﻜﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﻌﯿﺐ‬: ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎد‬
14- Quotation : a group of words taken from a text or speech and
repeated by someone other than the original author or
speaker.
‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﺄﺧﻮذة ﻣﻦ ﻧﺺ أو ﺧﻄﺎب وﯾﻜﺮرھﺎ ﺷﺨﺺ آﺧﺮ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ‬:‫اﻻﻗﺘﺒﺎس‬
.‫اﻷﺻﻠﻲ أو اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪث‬

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 15- Author : a writer of a book, article, or report.
.‫ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﻛﺘﺎب أو ﻣﻘﺎل أو ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺮ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ‬
16- Featured :having distinctive attributes or aspects of a
specified kind.
.‫ ﻟﮭﺎ ﺳﻤﺎت أو ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ ﻣﻤﯿﺰة ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻌﯿﻦ‬:‫ﻣﻤﯿﺰة‬
17- Pretty (adverb) : to a moderately high degree; fairly.
.‫ إﻟﻰ درﺟﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ؛ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬:(‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮاً )ظﺮف‬
18- Forgiving : ready and willing to forgive.
.‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ وراﻏﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺢ‬:(‫ﻏﻔﻮر)ﻣﺘﺴﺎﻣﺢ‬
19- Horrific : causing horror.
.‫ ﯾﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺮﻋﺐ‬:‫ﻣﺮﻋﺐ‬
20- Stubborn : having or showing dogged determination not to
change one's attitude or position on something, especially in
spite of good arguments or reasons to do so.
، ‫ اﻣﺘﻼك أو إظﮭﺎر ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﺻﺎرم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﻤﺮء أو ﻣﻮﻗﻔﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ‬:‫ﻋﻨﯿﺪ‬
.‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺠﺞ اﻟﺠﯿﺪة أو اﻷﺳﺒﺎب ﻟﻠﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬
21- Miscarriage: is the spontaneous loss of a fetus before the 20th
week of pregnancy (pregnancy losses after the 20th week are
called stillbirths). Miscarriage is a naturally occurring event,
unlike medical or surgical abortions.
‫اﻹﺟﮭﺎض ھﻮ اﻟﻔﻘﺪ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻨﯿﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷﺳﺒﻮع اﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ )ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺧﺴﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬، ‫ اﻹﺟﮭﺎض ھﻮ ﺣﺪث طﺒﯿﻌﻲ‬.(‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﺳﺒﻮع اﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﻼص‬
.‫اﻹﺟﮭﺎض اﻟﻄﺒﯿﺔ أو اﻟﺠﺮاﺣﯿﺔ‬

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 22- Abortion : An abortion is a procedure to end a pregnancy. It
uses medicine or surgery to remove the embryo or fetus and
placenta from the uterus. The procedure is done by a licensed
health care professional. The decision to end a pregnancy is
very personal.
‫ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺪواء أو اﻟﺠﺮاﺣﺔ ﻹزاﻟﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﯿﻦ‬.‫ اﻹﺟﮭﺎض ھﻮ إﺟﺮاء ﻹﻧﮭﺎء اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬:‫اﻹﺟﮭﺎض‬
‫ ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء ھﺬا اﻹﺟﺮاء ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ أﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ رﻋﺎﯾﺔ ﺻﺤﯿﺔ‬.‫أو اﻟﺠﻨﯿﻦ واﻟﻤﺸﯿﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﻢ‬
.‫ ﻗﺮار إﻧﮭﺎء اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﯾﺔ‬.‫ﻣﺮﺧﺺ‬
23- Related to :belonging to the same family, group, or type;
connected.
.‫ ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ إﻟﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ أو اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ أو اﻟﻨﻮع ؛ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬:‫ذات ﺻﻠﺔ ﺑـ‬
24- Family : a group of one or more parents and their children
living together as a unit , all the descendants of a common
ancestor.
، ‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ واﻟﺪ واﺣﺪ أو أﻛﺜﺮ وأطﻔﺎﻟﮭﻢ ﯾﻌﯿﺸﻮن ﻣﻌًﺎ ﻛﻮﺣﺪة واﺣﺪة‬:(‫اﻷﺳﺮة )اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬
.‫وﺟﻤﯿﻌﮭﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺳﻠﻒ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬
25- Great grandfather : great-grandfather is the father of your
grandmother or grandfather.
.‫ اﻟﺠﺪ ھﻮ واﻟﺪ ﺟﺪﺗﻚ أو ﺟﺪك‬:‫اﻟﺠﺪ اﻷﻛﺒﺮ‬
26- Great grandmother : the mother of one's grandmother or
grandfather.
.‫ أم ﺟﺪة أو ﺟﺪ‬:‫اﻟﺠﺪة اﻟﻜﺒﺮى‬
27- Nephew : a son of one's brother or sister.
.‫ اﺑﻦ أﺧﻲ أو أﺧﺘﮫ‬:‫اﺑﻦ اﻷخ‬
28- Neice : a daughter of a person's brother or sister.
.‫ اﺑﻨﺔ أخ أو أﺧﺖ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬:‫اﺑﻨﺔ اﻷخ‬

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 29- Brother : a man or boy in relation to other sons and daughters
of his parents.
.‫ رﺟﻞ أو وﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ أﺑﻨﺎء وﺑﻨﺎت واﻟﺪﯾﮫ‬:‫اﻷخ‬
30- Nuclear family : a couple and their dependent children,
regarded as a basic social unit.
.‫ وﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ وﺣﺪة اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬، ‫ زوﺟﺎن وأطﻔﺎﻟﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻮن‬:(‫اﻷﺳﺮة اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة )اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺒﺔ‬
31- Extended family :a family that extends beyond the nuclear
family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other
relatives, who all live nearby or in one household.
‫ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻷﺟﺪاد واﻟﻌﻤﺎت‬، ‫ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺗﻤﺘﺪ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﺳﺮة اﻟﻨﻮاة‬:(‫اﻷﺳﺮة اﻟﻤﻤﺘﺪة )اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة‬
.‫ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﻌﯿﺸﻮن ﺟﻤﯿﻌًﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻗﺮﯾﺐ أو ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺰل واﺣﺪ‬، ‫واﻷﻋﻤﺎم واﻷﻗﺎرب اﻵﺧﺮون‬
32- Paternal: related through the father.
. ‫ ﻗﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺟﮭﺔ اﻷب‬: ‫اﻟﺼﻠﺔ اﻷﺑﻮﯾﺔ‬
33- Sibling :each of two or more children or offspring having one
or both parents in common; a brother or sister.
‫ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ طﻔﻠﯿﻦ أو أﻛﺜﺮ أو ذرﯾﺔ ﯾﺸﺘﺮك ﻓﯿﮭﺎ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﯾﻦ أو ﻛﻠﯿﮭﻤﺎ ؛ أخ أو‬:(‫اﻷخ)ﻗﺮﯾﺐ‬
.‫أﺧﺖ‬
34- Affairs : an event or sequence of events of a specified kind or
that has previously been referred to
. ‫ ﺣﺪث أو ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ أﺣﺪاث ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻣﺤﺪد أو ﺗﻤﺖ اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﯿﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬:‫اﻟﺸﺆون‬

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How is …? or What is … like?
How is …?
We use How is …? to ask about someone’s general health or about
the condition or state of something, or how people experience
something:
A:How’s your mother these days? (How is her general health?)
B:Oh, she’s fine, thanks.
[talking about an old house]
A:How are the walls in the kitchen? (What is the condition/state of
the walls?)
B:Well, they need redecorating really.
A:How’s your new car?
B:Wonderful. It’s so much easier to drive than the old one.

What is … like?
We use What is … like? to ask for a description of someone or
something (e.g. their appearance, their character, their behaviour):
A:What’s her new house like?
B:It’s a modern one, quite big, with a nice garden.
A:What’s your new teacher like?
B:He’s nice. He’s very good-looking! But he’s quite strict.
Warning:

We don’t use How is … like? to ask for a description of something:

A:Have you ever had Korean kimchi?
B:No. What’s it like?
A:Well, it’s sort of spicy fermented vegetables, cabbage and things.
Not: How is it like?

‫ ﻣﺜﻞ؟‬... ‫ﻛﯿﻒ ھﻮ …؟ أو ﻣﺎ ھﻮ‬

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 ‫ﻛﯿﻒ ھﻮ …؟‬

‫ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻛﯿﻒ…؟ ﻟﻠﺴﺆال ﻋﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ أو ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ أو ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ ‪ ،‬أو ﻛﯿﻒ‬
‫‪:‬ﯾﺸﻌﺮ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﺸﻲء ﻣﺎ‬

‫أ‪:‬ﻛﯿﻒ ﺣﺎل واﻟﺪﺗﻚ ھﺬه اﻻﯾﺎم؟ )ﻛﯿﻒ ﺣﺎل ﺻﺤﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ(؟‬

‫ﺷﻜﺮا‬
‫ً‬ ‫ب‪:‬أوه ‪ ،‬إﻧﮭﺎ ﺑﺨﯿﺮ ‪،‬‬

‫]اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺰل ﻗﺪﯾﻢ[‬

‫أ‪:‬ﻛﯿﻒ ھﻲ اﻟﺠﺪران ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﺦ؟ )ﻣﺎ ھﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪ /‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺠﺪران؟(‬

‫‪.‬ب‪:‬ﺣﺴﻨًﺎ ‪ ،‬إﻧﮭﻢ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺪﯾﻜﻮر ﺣﻘًﺎ‬

‫أ‪:‬ﻛﯿﻒ ﺣﺎل ﺳﯿﺎرﺗﻚ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة؟‬

‫ب‪:‬راﺋﻊ‪ .‬اﻟﻘﯿﺎدة أﺳﮭﻞ ﺑﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﯿﺎدة اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﯾﺒﺪو اﻧﮫ؟‬

‫‪:‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﺎ ھﻮ ‪ ...‬ﻣﺜﻞ؟ ﻟﻄﻠﺐ وﺻﻒ ﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ أو ﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻈﮭﺮه وﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﮫ وﺳﻠﻮﻛﮫ(‬

‫أ ‪ -‬ﻛﯿﻒ ﯾﺒﺪو ﻣﻨﺰﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ؟‬

‫ﺗﺤﺬﯾﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ب ‪ -‬إﻧﮭﺎ ﺣﺪﯾﺜﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﻧﻮﻋﺎ ﻣﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﺪﯾﻘﺔ ﺟﻤﯿﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻦ ﻻ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻛﯿﻒ ‪ ...‬ﻣﺜﻞ؟ ﻟﻄﻠﺐ وﺻﻒ ﻟﺸﻲء ﻣﺎ‬

‫أ‪-‬ھﻞ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﺖ اﻟﻜﯿﻤﺘﺸﻲ اﻟﻜﻮري ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ؟‬

‫أ‪ -‬ﻛﯿﻒ ھﻮ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﻚ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ؟‬

‫ب‪ :‬ﻻ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ھﻮ ﺷﻜﻠﮭﺎ؟‬ ‫ب‪ -‬اﻧﮫ ﻟﻄﯿﻒ‪ .‬اﻧﮫ ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﻤﻈﮭﺮ ﺟﺪا! ﻟﻜﻨﮫ ﺻﺎرم ﻟﻠﻐﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫أ‪:‬ﺣﺴﻨًﺎ ‪ ،‬إﻧﮫ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻀﺎر اﻟﻤﺨﻤﺮة اﻟﺤﺎرة واﻟﻤﻠﻔﻮف‬
‫‪.‬وأﺷﯿﺎء أﺧﺮى‬

‫ﻟﯿﺲ‪ :‬ﻛﯿﻒ ھﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل؟‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺴﺆال ﻋﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ‪:‬‬

‫‪How is he like ? / what does he like / what is he like‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺴﺆال ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ )اﻟﻌﯿﻮن – اﻟﻄﻮل ‪: ( ....‬‬

‫? ‪How does he look like‬‬

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 Close

‫ ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﻛﻠﻮز‬: (‫اﻏﻠﻖ )ﻓﻌﻞ‬

Close (verb)
Z
Ex : close the window
‫ اﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة‬: ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬

‫ ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﻛﻠﻮس‬:(‫ﻗﺮﯾﺐ )ﺻﻔﺔ‬

Close (adjective )
S
Ex : close family
‫ اﻷﻗﺎرب‬: ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬

I ' m not sure

-Meaning : 'I'm not sure' is another variation of "I don't
know" Sure - meaning yes, to confirm, or to be certain. With 'I'm not
sure' you are saying you are not certain of the answer to the question
or 'I don't know' An alternative can be: "I'm not certain" 'I'm not sure'
is another variation of "I don't know"
" .‫ أو ﻷﻛﻮن ﻣﺘﺄﻛﺪًا‬، ‫ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﯿﺪ‬، ‫ أي ﻧﻌﻢ‬- ‫ﻟﺴﺖ ﻣﺘﺄﻛﺪًا" ھﻮ ﻧﻮع آﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ "ﻻ أﻋﺮف" ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻛﯿﺪ‬-
‫ ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﺗﻘﻮل إﻧﻚ ﻟﺴﺖ ﻣﺘﺄﻛﺪًا ﻣﻦ إﺟﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺴﺆال أو "ﻻ أﻋﺮف" ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬، "‫ﺑﻌﺒﺎرة "ﻟﺴﺖ ﻣﺘﺄﻛﺪًا‬
. "‫ "ﻟﺴﺖ ﻣﺘﺄﻛﺪًا" "ﻟﺴﺖ ﻣﺘﺄﻛﺪًا" ھﻮ آﺧﺮ اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﻓﻲ "ﻻ أﻋﺮف‬:‫أن ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﺪﯾﻞ‬

I 'm afraid
-Meaning : used for politely telling someone something that might
make them sad, disappointed, or angry, for example when you cannot
do what they want or do not agree with them. Things haven't been
going very well here, I'm afraid. I'm afraid (that): I'm afraid that I
can't accept this job.

8
 ‫‪-‬ﺗُﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻹﺧﺒﺎر ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﺄدب ﺑﺸﻲء ﻗﺪ ﯾﺠﻌﻠﮫ ﺣﺰﯾ ًﻨﺎ أو ﻣﺤﺒ ً‬
‫ﻄﺎ أو ﻏﺎﺿﺒًﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺮﯾﺪ أو ﻻ ﺗﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻌﮫ‪ .‬أﺧﺸﻰ أن اﻷﻣﻮر ﻻ ﺗﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺮام ھﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫أﺧﺸﻰ )ذﻟﻚ(‪ :‬أﺧﺸﻰ أﻧﻨﻲ ﻻ أﺳﺘﻄﯿﻊ ﻗﺒﻮل ھﺬه اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪I don't really‬‬

‫ﻟﺴﺖ ﺣﻘﺎ ً‬

‫‪I totally agree‬‬

‫‪-Meaning : They mean the same thing, along with "fully agree" or‬‬
‫‪"entirely agree". Either means agreement to the maximum possible‬‬
‫‪and without any element of disagreement. "Totally" has picked up a‬‬
‫‪connotation of sounding a bit ditzy but that seems to be on the‬‬
‫‪decline.‬‬
‫إﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺸﻲء ‪ ،‬إﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ "أواﻓﻖ ﺗﻤﺎ ًﻣﺎ" أو "أواﻓﻖ ﺗﻤﺎ ًﻣﺎ"‪ .‬إﻣﺎ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ اﻻﺗﻔﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫أﻗﺼﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ وﺑﺪون أي ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺧﻼف‪ .‬اﻟﺘﻘﻄﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺗﻤﺎ ًﻣﺎ" دﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺒﺪو ﻣﺘﻘﻠﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺸﻲء وﻟﻜﻦ ﯾﺒﺪو أن ھﺬا ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮاﺟﻊ‪.‬‬

‫‪Grammar‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪Have : possess, own, or hold.‬‬
‫ﯾﻤﻠﻚ ‪ /‬ﯾﺘﻤﻠﻚ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﮫ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ ‪ ,‬وھﻮ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﻲ ‪/‬ھﻨﺎ ﻻ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﺼﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪: /‬‬
‫‪We have a large extended family‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﻼزﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﯿﺎن وھﻨﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻓﻌﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﻲ وﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪:‬‬
‫‪He doesn't have lunch at home‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺮف ﺟﺮ ‪ to‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻹﻟﺰام ‪: have to‬‬
‫‪Do you really have you spend Christmas with your parents‬‬
‫?‪again‬‬

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 : ‫ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺴﺒﺒﯿﺔ‬-4
I had my hair cut ‫ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﻘﺺ ﺷﻌﺮي‬
I had my eyes tested ‫ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﻔﺤﺺ ﻋﯿﻮﻧﻲ‬
I had my car repaired ‫ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺘﺼﻠﯿﺢ ﺳﯿﺎرﺗﻲ‬

have + object + past participle (v3) : ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺴﺒﺒﯿﺔ‬

Auxiliary verb : ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻛﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ •

: ‫ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬have ‫ وﻻ ﻓﺮق ﺑﯿﻨﮭﺎ وﺑﯿﻦ‬have got ‫ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬-1
I haven't got much money
: have ‫ ﻣﻊ‬got ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﻧﺴﺘﻐﻨﻲ ﻋﻦ‬-2
I haven't the time to go to the bank
: ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻹﻟﺰام‬have got ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬-3
I have got to go now
:‫ ﻛﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬have ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬present perfect ‫ ﻟﺼﯿﺎﻏﺔ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺎم‬-4
If I hadn't taken a taxi I wouldn't have arrived in time

Word meaning:
1- Obligatory : required by a legal, moral, or other rule;
compulsory.
. ‫ اﺟﺒﺎري‬, ‫ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ أو أﺧﻼﻗﯿﺔ أو ﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬:‫إﻟﺰاﻣﻲ‬
2- Insurance : a practice or arrangement by which a company or
government agency provides a guarantee of compensation for
specified loss, damage, illness, or death in return for payment
of a premium.
‫ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ أو ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺗﻘﺪم ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﮫ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ أو وﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﯿﺔ ﺿﻤﺎ ًﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﻋﻦ‬:‫اﻟﺘﺄﻣﯿﻦ‬
.‫ﺧﺴﺎرة أو ﺿﺮر أو ﻣﺮض أو وﻓﺎة ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ دﻓﻊ ﻗﺴﻂ‬

10
 3- Ancestor refers to those who came before – one’s forebears.
Usually this means parents, grandparents, etc.
Ancestors can also refer to a group of people that came before but
that are not necessarily directly related.
Descendant : refers to a relative or related item that came after.
The confusion between ancestor and descendant is often a careless
mistake. For those unsure of the difference, remember ancestor
comes first in the dictionary and in life. Your ancestors are at the
top: they came first, then you, then your descendants , who are at
the bottom.
‫ ﻋﺎدة ً ﻣﺎ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ھﺬا اﻵﺑﺎء‬.‫ أﺳﻼف اﻟﻤﺮء‬- ‫ﯾﺸﯿﺮ اﻟﺠﺪ إﻟﻰ أوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﺟﺎءوا ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻀﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﯾﻦ‬ ً ‫واﻷﺟﺪاد وﻣﺎ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﺸﯿﺮ اﻷﺳﻼف أﯾ‬
.‫ﺟﺎءوا ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ وﻟﻜﻨﮭﻢ ﻟﯿﺴﻮا ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮورة ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﯿﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
.‫ ﯾﺸﯿﺮ إﻟﻰ ﻗﺮﯾﺐ أو ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ذي ﺻﻠﺔ ﺟﺎء ﺑﻌﺪه‬:( ‫اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻞ )اﻻﺣﻔﺎد‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷوﻟﺌﻚ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﺄﻛﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺨﻠﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺠﺪ واﻟﺴﻠﯿﻞ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﺎ ٍل‬
‫ أﺗﻮا‬:‫ أﺳﻼﻓﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻤﺔ‬.‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ أن اﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ أوﻻً ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس وﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة‬، ‫اﻻﺧﺘﻼف‬
.‫ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ھﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬، ‫ ﺛﻢ ذرﯾﺘﻚ‬، ‫ ﺛﻢ أﻧﺖ‬، ً‫أوﻻ‬
4- Lack : the state of being without or not having enough of
something.
.‫ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺪون أو ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻨﻘﺺ‬
5- Exhausted : drained of one's physical or mental resources;
very tired.
.ً ‫ اﺳﺘﻨﺰاف اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﺠﺴﺪﯾﺔ أو اﻟﻌﻘﻠﯿﺔ ؛ ﻣﺘﻌﺐ ﺟﺪا‬:‫ﻣﻨﮭﻚ‬
6- Qualifications : a quality or accomplishment that makes
someone suitable for a particular job or activity.
.‫ ﺻﻔﺔ أو إﻧﺠﺎز ﯾﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒًﺎ ﻟﻮظﯿﻔﺔ أو ﻧﺸﺎط ﻣﻌﯿﻦ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺆھﻼت‬

11
 7- Thermostat : a device that automatically regulates
temperature, or that activates a device when the temperature
reaches a certain point.
‫ أو ﯾﻨﺸﻂ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﻞ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬، ‫ ﺟﮭﺎز ﯾﻨﻈﻢ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﯿًﺎ‬:‫اﻟﺜﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎت‬
.‫إﻟﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬
8- Brakes : a device for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle,
typically by applying pressure to the wheels.
.‫ ﻋﺎدة ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت‬، ‫ ﺟﮭﺎز ﻹﺑﻄﺎء أو إﯾﻘﺎف ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎﺑﺢ‬
9- Staff : all the people employed by a particular organization.
.‫ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬:(‫اﻟﻤﻮظﻔﻮن )اﻟﻄﺎﻗﻢ‬

• Adjectives page 160 : (meanings)

1- Bright : giving out or reflecting a lot of light; shining.
.‫ ﯾﻌﻄﻲ أو ﯾﻌﻜﺲ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﻮء ؛ ﺳﺎطﻊ‬:‫ﻣﺸﺮق‬
2- Determined: having made a firm decision and being resolved
not to change it.
.‫ اﺗﺨﺎذ ﻗﺮار ﺣﺎزم واﻟﻌﺰم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮه‬: ‫ﻣﺼﻤﻢ‬
3- Resourceful : having the ability to find quick and clever ways to
overcome difficulties.
.‫ اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ إﯾﺠﺎد طﺮق ﺳﺮﯾﻌﺔ وذﻛﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎت‬:‫اﻟﺤﯿﻠﺔ‬
4- Self sufficient : needing no outside help in satisfying one's basic
needs, especially with regard to the production of food and
emotionally and intellectually independent.
، ‫ ﻋﺪم اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﺧﺎرﺟﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ إﺷﺒﺎع اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬:(‫اﻻﻛﺘﻔﺎء اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ )اﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼل‬
.ً ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺈﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻄﻌﺎم واﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﯿﺔ ﻋﺎطﻔﯿﺎ ً وﻓﻜﺮﯾﺎ‬

12
 5- Spontaneous : performed or occurring as a result of a sudden
inner impulse or inclination and without premeditation or
external stimulus.
‫ ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاؤھﺎ أو ﺣﺪوﺛﮭﺎ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻧﺪﻓﺎع أو ﻣﯿﻞ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺊ وﺑﺪون ﺳﺒﻖ اﻹﺻﺮار أو‬:‫ﻋﻔﻮﯾﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﺘﺤﻔﯿﺰ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬
6- Straight forward : uncomplicated and easy to do or understand.
.‫ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻘﺪ وﯾﺴﮭﻞ ﻓﻌﻠﮫ أو ﻓﮭﻤﮫ‬: (‫ﺻﺮﯾﺢ )ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
7- Sympathetic : characterized by, proceeding from, exhibiting, or
feeling sympathy; sympathizing; compassionate: a sympathetic
listener. acting or affected by, of the nature of, or pertaining to a
special affinity or mutual relationship; congenial .
:‫ ﯾﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎطﻒ أو اﻻﻧﻄﻼق ﻣﻨﮫ أو إظﮭﺎره أو اﻟﺸﻌﻮر ﺑﮫ ؛ ﻣﺘﻌﺎطﻒ رﺣﯿﻢ‬:‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎطﻒ‬
‫ اﻟﺘﺼﺮف أو اﻟﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ أو ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺗﻘﺎرب ﺧﺎﺻﺔ أو ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﺘﺒﺎدﻟﺔ ؛‬.‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﺘﻌﺎطﻒ‬
.‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﺔ‬
8- Gentle : having or showing a mild, kind, or tender temperament
or character.
.‫ أن ﯾﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﯾﮫ أو ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻣﺰا ًﺟﺎ أو ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺔ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻟﺔ أو ﻟﻄﯿﻔﺔ أو رﻗﯿﻘﺔ‬:‫ﻟﻄﯿﻒ‬
9- Sarcastic : marked by or given to using irony in order to mock
or convey contempt.
.‫ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﯿﯿﺰھﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺴﺨﺮﯾﺔ أو اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ ﺑﻐﺮض اﻟﺴﺨﺮﯾﺔ أو ﻧﻘﻞ اﻻزدراء‬:‫اﻟﺴﺨﺮﯾﺔ‬
10- Steady :firmly fixed, supported, or balanced; not shaking
or moving.
.‫ﻣﺪﻋﻮم أو ﻣﺘﻮازن ؛ ﻻ ﺗﮭﺘﺰ وﻻ ﺗﺘﺤﺮك‬:‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
11- Traits: A trait is something about you that makes you
"you." When your mother says that you get all your best traits
from her, she means you have the same charming smile and the

13
 same brilliant mind as she has. In science, trait refers to a
characteristic that is caused by genetics.
‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮل واﻟﺪﺗﻚ أﻧﻚ ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻀﻞ‬."‫ اﻟﺴﻤﺔ ھﻲ ﺷﻲء ﯾﺨﺼﻚ ﯾﺠﻌﻠﻚ "أﻧﺖ‬:‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎت‬
‫ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ ﻓﮭﺬا ﯾﻌﻨﻲ أن ﻟﺪﯾﻚ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻻﺑﺘﺴﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺣﺮة وﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻌﻘﻞ اﻟﻼﻣﻊ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻤﻠﻜﮫ‬، ‫ﺳﻤﺎﺗﻚ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬
.‫ ﺗﺸﯿﺮ اﻟﺴﻤﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺔ ﺗﺴﺒﺒﮭﺎ اﻟﻮراﺛﺔ‬، ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬
12- Look alike : a person or thing that closely resembles
another, especially someone who looks very similar to a famous
person.
‫ ﺧﺎﺻﺔً اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺸﺒﮫ إﻟﻰ‬، ‫ ﺷﺨﺺ أو ﺷﻲء ﯾﺸﺒﮫ اﻵﺧﺮ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬:‫ﺗﺒﺪو ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﮭﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﺸﮭﻮرا‬
ً ‫ﺼﺎ‬
ً ‫ﺣﺪ ﺑﻌﯿﺪ ﺷﺨ‬

Words meanings :
1- Tends to : regularly or frequently behave in a particular way or
have a certain characteristic.
.‫ اﻟﺘﺼﺮف ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ أو ﻣﺘﻜﺮر ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ أو ﯾﻜﻮن ﻟﮫ ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺔ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬:‫ﯾﻤﯿﻞ إﻟﻰ‬
2- Take risks : to do something that may result in loss, failure, etc
. ‫ اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﺸﻲء ﻗﺪ ﯾﺆدي إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﺴﺎرة واﻟﻔﺸﻞ وﻣﺎ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺨﺎطﺮة‬

3- Refuses to compromise : refusing to agree or compromise;

uncompromising; inflexible.
.‫ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺮن‬.‫ رﻓﺾ اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ أو اﻟﺘﺴﻮﯾﺔ ؛ ﻻ ھﻮادة ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬:‫ﯾﺮﻓﺾ اﻟﺘﺴﻮﯾﺔ‬
4- changes his mind :to change one's decision or opinion about
something He wasn't going to come, but at the last minute he
changed his mind.
‫ ﻟﻜﻨﮫ ﻏﯿﺮ رأﯾﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ‬، ‫ ﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻗﺮاره أو رأﯾﮫ ﺑﺸﺄن ﺷﻲء ﻟﻦ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ‬:‫ﯾﻐﯿﺮ رأﯾﮫ‬
.‫اﻷﺧﯿﺮة‬
5- trusting : showing or tending to have a belief in a person's
honesty or sincerity; not suspicious.
.‫ إظﮭﺎر أو ﺗﻤﯿﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻹﯾﻤﺎن ﺑﺄﻣﺎﻧﺔ أو ﺻﺪق اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ؛ ﻟﯿﺲ ﻣﺸﺒﻮھﺔ‬:‫اﻟﺜﻘﺔ‬

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 6- take advantage of : make unfair demands on (someone) who
cannot or will not resist; exploit or make unfair use of for one's
own benefit.
‫ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﺎدﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ )ﺷﺨﺺ( ﻻ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ أو ﻟﻦ‬:‫اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﻣﻦ‬
.‫ﯾﻘﺎوﻣﮭﺎ ؛ اﺳﺘﻐﻼﻟﮭﺎ أو اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﺎدل ﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬
7- on the surface : Superficially; considering only the obvious
details or outward appearance (of someone or something).
‫ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﻮاﺿﺤﺔ أو اﻟﻤﻈﮭﺮ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ )ﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬.‫ ظﺎھﺮﯾﺎ‬:‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬
(‫ﻣﺎ أو ﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ‬
8- deep down : used to mean that something is true or real even if it
is not said or shown to other peopleHe knew deep down inside
that she was right.
‫ ﻛﺎن ﯾﻌﻨﻲ أن ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﻲ أو ﺣﻘﯿﻘﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ﻟﻢ ﯾُﻘﺎل أو ﯾُﻌﺮض‬:‫ﻓﻲ اﻷﻋﻤﺎق‬
.‫ﻷﺷﺨﺎص آﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﻛﺎن ﯾﻌﺮف ﻓﻲ أﻋﻤﺎﻗﮫ أﻧﮭﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻖ‬
9- conflict : a serious disagreement or argument, typically a
protracted one.
.‫ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن طﻮﯾﻞ اﻷﻣﺪ‬، ‫ ﺧﻼف أو ﺟﺪال ﺟﺎد‬:‫اﻟﺼﺮاع‬
10- sensitive : quick to detect or respond to slight changes,
signals, or influences.
‫ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮات أو اﻹﺷﺎرات أو اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮات اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻔﺔ أو اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ‬:‫ﺣﺴﺎس‬
.‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬
11- go down : be recorded or remembered in a particular way ,
sink or crash
.‫ أو اﻟﻐﺮق أو اﻻﻧﮭﯿﺎر‬، ‫ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻠﮭﺎ أو ﺗﺬﻛﺮھﺎ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻨﺰول‬
12- blood relative : someone who has the same parents or
ancestors as another person Your sister is your blood relative,
but your brother-in-law is not.
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ‬، ‫ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻟﮫ ﻧﻔﺲ واﻟﺪﯾﻚ أو أﺳﻼف ﺷﺨﺺ آﺧﺮ أﺧﺘﻚ ھﻲ ﻗﺮﯾﺒﺔ دﻣﻚ‬:‫ﻗﺮﯾﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺪم‬
.‫ﺷﻘﯿﻖ زوﺟﻚ ﻟﯿﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬

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 13- brought up : to bring (a person) to maturity through
nurturing care and education, to cause to stop suddenly,to bring
to attention : introduce
، ‫ ﻟﺠﻠﺐ )ﺷﺨﺺ( إﻟﻰ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﻀﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل رﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻢ‬:‫ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬
..‫ ﻟﻠﻔﺖ اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎه‬، ‫واﻟﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻓﺠﺄة‬
14- responsibilities : the state or fact of having a duty to deal
with something or of having control over someone / a thing that
one is required to do as part of a job, role, or legal obligation.
/ ‫ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ أو ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ وﺟﻮد واﺟﺐ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ أو اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺨﺺ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺎت‬
.‫ﺷﻲء ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻣﻨﮫ اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﮫ ﻛﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ وظﯿﻔﺔ أو دور أو اﻟﺘﺰام ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬
15- take care : be cautious; keep oneself safe / make sure of
doing something.
.‫ ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﺸﻲء ﻣﺎ‬/ ‫ﺣﺬرا ؛ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻚ‬
ً ‫ ﻛﻦ‬:‫اﻧﺘﺒﮫ‬
16- defend : resist an attack made on (someone or something);
protect from harm or danger.
.‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﮭﺠﻮم ﻋﻠﻰ )ﺷﺨﺺ أو ﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ( ؛ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷذى أو اﻟﺨﻄﺮ‬:‫اﻟﺪﻓﺎع‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﺑﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ وﻋﺪم اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬
100% 50% 0%
Agreeing Half -agree Disagree
‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬
I totally agree I see your point I'm not sure I agree
‫اﻧﺎ ﻣﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫أرى وﺟﮭﺔ ﻧﻈﺮك‬ with you
‫ﻻ اﻋﺘﻘﺪ اﻧﻲ اﺗﻔﻖ ﻣﻌﻚ‬
That's just what I I see what you I'm afraid I don't
was thinking , too mean , but really agree
ً ‫ھﺬا ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ اﻓﻜﺮ ﻓﯿﮫ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻤﺖ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﻒ ﻻ اواﻓﻘﻚ‬
‫اﻟﺮأي‬
Absolutely I agree up to a I don't really think
ً ‫ طﺒﻌﺎ‬/ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬ point ,but you're right
‫اﺗﻔﻘﺖ ﻣﻌﻚ ﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ اﻋﺘﻘﺪ اﻧﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻖ‬
‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬

16
 • words meanings:
1- affectionate:readily feeling or showing fondness or tenderness.
.‫ اﻟﺸﻌﻮر ﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ أو إظﮭﺎر اﻟﻮﻟﻊ أو اﻟﺤﻨﺎن‬:‫ﺣﻨﻮن‬
2- assertive :having or showing a confident and forceful
personality.
.‫ اﻣﺘﻼك أو إظﮭﺎر ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺔ واﺛﻘﺔ وﻗﻮﯾﺔ‬:‫ﺣﺎزم‬
3- bossy :fond of giving people orders; domineering.
.‫ ﻣﻐﺮم ﺑﺈﻋﻄﺎء أواﻣﺮ ﻟﻠﻨﺎس ؛ اﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪاد‬:‫ﻣﺘﺴﻠﻂ‬
4- curious : eager to know or learn something.
.‫ ﺣﺮﯾﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ أو ﺗﻌﻠﻤﮫ‬:‫ﻓﻀﻮﻟﻲ‬
5- easy going : relaxed and tolerant in approach or manner.
.‫ ﻣﺮﯾﺢ وﻣﺘﺴﺎﻣﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﮭﺞ أو اﻷﺳﻠﻮب‬:‫ ﯾﺴﯿﺮ‬/ ‫ﺳﮭﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
6- loyal :giving or showing firm and constant support or allegiance
to a person or institution.
.‫ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ أو إظﮭﺎر دﻋﻢ أو وﻻء ﺛﺎﺑﺖ وﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﺸﺨﺺ أو ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬:‫ﻣﺨﻠﺺ‬
7- moody : (of a person) given to unpredictable changes of mood,
especially sudden bouts of gloominess or sullenness.
‫ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬، ‫ )ﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ( ﯾﻌﻄﻰ ﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮات ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺰاج‬:‫ﻣﺘﻘﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﺰاج‬
.‫اﻟﻨﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺟﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺂﺑﺔ أو اﻟﻜﺂﺑﺔ‬
8- outgoing : friendly and socially confident.
.‫ ودﯾﺔ وواﺛﻘﺔ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺎ‬: ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬
9- rebellious : showing a desire to resist authority, control, or
convention.
.‫ إظﮭﺎر اﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ أو اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة أو اﻟﻌﺮف‬:‫ﻣﺘﻤﺮد‬
10- reliable :consistently good in quality or performance; able
to be trusted.
.‫ ﺟﯿﺪة ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻮدة أو اﻷداء ؛ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﻮق ﺑﮭﺎ‬:‫ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗﺔ‬

17
 11- sensible :chosen in accordance with wisdom or prudence;
likely to be of benefit.
.‫ ﺗﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎره وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻤﺔ أو اﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ ؛ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ذات ﻓﺎﺋﺪة‬:‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬/ ‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬
12- stubborn : having or showing dogged determination not to
change one's attitude or position on something, especially in
spite of good arguments or reasons to do so.
‫ اﻣﺘﻼك أو إظﮭﺎر ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻋﻨﯿﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﻤﺮء أو ﻣﻮﻗﻔﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻲء‬:‫ﻋﻨﯿﺪ‬
.‫ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺠﺞ اﻟﺠﯿﺪة أو اﻷﺳﺒﺎب ﻟﻠﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬، ‫ﻣﺎ‬

18