ACD THESIS FINALE No.4 1

BATAAN HEROES MEMORIAL COLLEGE
Roman Super Highway, Province of Bataan, City of Balanga 2100

Tel.No (047)237-2383 Fax No. (047)237-2383 Email@bhmc.edu.ph
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME 510
Air-Conditioning Design
25 TR Packaged Type Centralized Air-
Conditioning System of BPSU Balanga
Campus Multi-Purpose Building
Presented by:
Gunio,Gabriel D.
Lucio, Jafhet A.
Table of Contents
Letter of Transmittal.....................................................................................................1
Dedication.....................................................................................................................2
Preface...........................................................................................................................3
Acknowledgement........................................................................................................4
Chapter 1 Problem and its Background........................................................................5
Introduction...................................................................................................................6
Statement of the Problem............................................................................................7
Objectives of the Problem...........................................................................................8
Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature........................................................................9
Chapter 3 Methodology.................................................................................................13
Methodology...............................................................................................................14
Air-Conditioning Design............................................................................................14
Heat, Ventilating Air-Conditioning............................................................................14
Ventilation System.....................................................................................................16
Chapter 4 Design and Layouts.....................................................................................17
Type of AC Design.....................................................................................................18
Installation and Location of Air Conditioners.........................................................18
Maintenance................................................................................................................20
Topographical View...................................................................................................23
Floor Plan....................................................................................................................24
Ducting System Layout.............................................................................................25
Gantt Chart..................................................................................................................26
Chapter 5 Design Computations..................................................................................27
Design Computation of Heat Load...........................................................................28
Design Computation of Duct System.......................................................................42
Bill of materials...........................................................................................................59
Chapter 6 Conclusion, Recommendation and References.......................................68
Conclusion..................................................................................................................69
Recommendation.......................................................................................................69
Reference....................................................................................................................70
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
To: Engr. Ramon Christopher Lucas
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Bataan Heroes Memorial College
Dear Sir Lucas:
In adherence to your requisition for the subject - ME 515, Air-Conditioning

Design, now we present to you this thesis, Design of Air-Conditioning in BPSU Multi-
Purpose Building . This work contains important information on Air-conditioning and
technical specification for the proposed project base on the actual data we have
gathered.
The Thesis is made to the best of our knowledge with passion, inspiration and
determination. We hope that all the time and efforts we have devoted in this work
surpass your standard.
Yours Sincerely,
GUNIO, GABRIEL
LUCIO, JAFHET
Design of 25 TR Centralized Air Conditioning System of BPSU Multi-Purpose Bldg 17

DEDICATION
The researcher, Gabriel Gunio, dedicates this work to all engineering students
especially in Mechanical Engineering Department and hoping this will benefit the
Mechanical Engineering community especially in Bataan Heroes Memorial College to
be a good reference to the provide procedures encountered, in the Air-Conditioning
Design.
The researcher, Jafhet Lucio, dedicate this project to God Almighty our creator,
the strong pillar, the source of his inspiration, wisdom, knowledge and understanding.
That he has been the source of his strength throughout this program and on his wings
only have I soared. he also dedicate this work to his Father; Robert Lucio who has
encouraged the author all the way and whose encouragement has made sure that
gives it all it takes to finish that which have started.

PREFACE
This research is the result of the hard work and knowledge of the authors,
based from the references from hand books, internet, and classroom lectures in
order to understand what it means to have an Centralized Air-Conditioning System
that is safe, money efficient and can give replenishment to all individuals in a huge
closed structure.
Error may inevitably create into even work as it do. So any constructive
critisms by the readers will be highly appreciated. Further guidance and
correction is to be taken care of by my instructor.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to own instructor,

Engineer Ramon Christopher Lucas as well as my Classmates, Friends,
Refrigeration and Air-conditioning and other reference book for all the information
imparted to us and any means of support we have gained. And gave us this
opportunity to prove our-selves to have enough strength to finish this research in
Air-conditioning Design

Chapter 1
PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION
In maintaining productivity, air quality is an essential consideration to the

comfort and health of the occupants. It can have a real effect on the well-being,
and the benefits of air conditioning can help make a real difference. Air
conditioning refers to the sudden control of motion, humidity, temperature and
cleanliness of air to cope with the requirements of confined space. During summer,
the process acquires to cool the environment to meet the desire temperature.
However, on winter it helps in making the temperature warm and manageable to
occupants.
The human beings produce heat inside the room which leads to increase
in temperature inside the room and creation of uncomfortable conditions. As the
number of human beings inside the room increase, the total heat generated by the
human beings also increases. Comfort applications aim to offer a building indoor
environment that remains fairly constant in a variety favored by human
notwithstanding changes in external weather conditions or in internal heat loads.
Air-conditioning makes deep plan buildings possible for otherwise they ‘d have to
be build narrower or with light wells so that inner space receives sufficient outdoor
air via natural ventilation.
Due to climate change happening, the temperature in our country is

almost unpredictable and affects the human behavior. Research also directs that
many schools suffer from “sick building syndrome” which affects the absence and
performance of all students. Moreover, bacteria and viruses contributes to
childhood disease are commonly found in schools with poor ventilation systems.
Indoor pollutants are also emitted from office equipment, flooring materials paints,
adhesives, cleaning products, pesticides, and insects. All of these environmental

hazards can negatively affect students, particularly in schools with poor ventilation
systems.
An example is the BPSU Balanga Campus Multi-Purpose Hall having

occupied by numerous students especially with events all-year happening. The
BPSU Balanga Campus Multi-Purpose Hall has basketball court and used in many
gatherings like graduations, meetings and general assembly. HVAC, or heating,
ventilation and air conditioning, is a vital factor of sports venue construction. The
structure needs air-conditioning to bring ease to students and other occupants to
meet the comfort they need.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Achieving personal thermal comfort for everyone is a difficult issue

especially in BPSU Balanga Campus Multi-Purpose Hall. A space may be within
the normal temperature comfort band, but high humidity in Balanga makes the
occupants feel thermally uncomfortable. Thermal comfort also depends on such
factors as personal metabolism and the amount of physical activity of students
especially during activities occurring on the structure.
Specifically, the researchers sought to answer the following questions:
1. How important is air-conditioning design in BPSU Balanga Campus Multi-

Purpose Hall?
2. What are the factors to be considered in designing a centralized air-

conditioning system of BPSU Balanga Campus Multi-Purpose Hall?

3. What are the benefits that users will partake in designing air-conditioning
system to the Multi-Purpose Hall of Balanga Campus?
OBJECTIVES OF THE PROBLEM
This study aims to Design Centralized Air-Conditioning System within

BPSU Balanga Campus Multi-Purpose Hall in Balanga, Bataan.
The above aim will be accomplished by fulfilling the following objectives:
 To determine the importance of air-conditioning design to a Multi-Purpose

Hall.
 To learn the design and installation needs in a Centralized Air-

Conditioning System and to identify the material that must be considered
in the design.
 To identify the benefits of the users in designing Air-Conditioning System

in a Multi-Purpose Hall.

Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature

Natural ventilation—uncontrolled air movement into a building through

cracks and small holes (infiltration) and through vents such as windows and
doors—is the traditional method of allowing fresh outdoor air to replace indoor
air. Nowadays, because of central heating and cooling, as well as the desire for
privacy, people tend to make little use of windows for ventilation, so infiltration
has become the principal mode of natural ventilation in homes. Unfortunately, a
home‘s natural infiltration rate is unpredictable and uncontrollable because it
depends on the home‘s air tightness, outdoor temperatures, wind, and other
factors. During mild weather, some homes may lack sufficient ventilation for
pollutant removal. Tightly built homes may have insufficient ventilation at most
times. Energy experts often quote the axiom, ―seal tight, ventilate right‖ as their
recommended approach to house ventilation.
Buildings, as they are designed and used today, contribute to serious

environmental problems because of excessive consumption of energy and other
natural resources. The close connection between energy use in buildings and
environmental damage arises because energy-intensive solutions sought to
construct a building and meet its demands for heating, cooling, ventilation, and
lighting cause severe depletion of invaluable environmental resources. However,
buildings can be designed to meet the occupant‘s need for thermal and visual
comfort at reduced levels of energy and resources consumption. Energy resource
efficiency in new constructions can be affected by adopting an integrated approach
to building design. Thus, in brief, an energy-efficient building balances all aspects
of energy use in a building – lighting, space-conditioning,
and ventilation – by providing an optimized mix of passive solar design

strategies, energy efficient equipment, and renewable sources of energy.

The research paper presents guidelines for evaluation and design of

natural ventilation for Sub urban houses in Thailand which is a part of building
energy code development for residential buildings. The initial studies find that it is
possible for natural ventilation to achieve thermal comfort conditions in place of
mechanical air-conditioning systems, especially in winter. The experimental
research is divided into two parts: environmental arrangement and building
opening. By measuring air conditions flowing through different generic types of
environment, it is found that the best environment is that covered with large
trees. Computational fluid dynamics studies on generic houses discover that
cross ventilation is more effective than two-side ventilation, and is much more
effective than one-side ventilation. In general, increasing the size of openings
improves the effectiveness of natural ventilation.
This axiom implies that houses should be tightly sealed to reduce

infiltration, and a whole-house ventilation system installed to provide fresh air and
remove pollutants when and where needed, in a controlled manner (i.e., in
amounts needed) that does not negatively impact indoor air quality, building
components, or heating and cooling bills.
The sport hall in Goldbach (Germany), is a typical dual-purpose hall with a

narrow spectator area. The supporting structure consists of wooden trusses,
making the installation of ducting impossible. The operators therefore chose a
decentralised ventilation system comprising one unit per court, each with energy
recovery and an air flow rate of 5500 m³/h. These units also supply the heating
for the hall. The integrated Air-Injector air outlets with high induction represent an
extremely effective solution. In the occupied area of the courts, they provide
intensive, draught-free air distribution which automatically ensures an even
distribution of temperature. And with a measured stratification of only 0.15 K/m,

they save energy because of the low temperature difference between floor and
ceiling.
The indoor sports hall has become one of the favorite venues for sport
activities. Traditionally, sports in Australia has been an outdoor pastime. But in
recent times, an increased awareness of skin cancers and other health risks,
coupled with a broadening of the range of sports being played, has seen an
upsurge in indoor recreational pursuits and a trend towards multi-purpose
facilities. The growing desire for better indoor environmental quality in the indoor
sports centers has resulted in a marked increase in energy consumption in this
building sector. While current research on indoor environmental quality mainly
focuses on residences and offices, few studies are concerned with the indoor
environment of large enclosures. Studies regarding sports centers mainly deal
with ventilation issues in terms of energy cost and saving, while indoor air quality
is not directly addressed .Indoor air pollution profiles were assessed during three
concerts and one ice hockey game carried out in three different halls for
recreational activities in Switzerland. Sharp increases in pollution concentrations
were observed when visitors enter the halls and an exponential decrease in
concentration after the event has ended (Junker et. al., 2000). Studies conducted
by Chow et al. (2002) illustrated that many mechanical ventilation and air
conditioning systems in big halls were not designed properly, leading to lots of
complaints on poor ventilation performance. The amount of fresh air supplied to a
space was observed to be sufficient, but distribution of air was not considered
carefully. As a result, it was difficult to provide a comfortable thermal environment
with good indoor air quality,

Chapter 3
Methodology

METHODOLOGY
The method or system that we used for this study is a Centralized Air
Conditioning System. To use Centralized Air Conditioning System for its
effectiveness in large-scale structures, cheaper cost for air conditioning a large
scale structure and its ability to properly filter the air within the structure. Central
Air Conditioning System is a great choice for general comfort and energy
efficiency. Multiple window units are definitely less efficient than a single, central
system that controls the entire building.
AIR CONDITIONING DESIGN
The Air Conditioning System that we used is Central Air Conditioners. This
type of air conditioning system circulate cool air through a system of supply and
return ducts. Supply ducts and registers (i.e., openings in the walls, floors, or
ceilings covered by grills) carry cooled air from the air conditioner to the home.
This cooled air becomes warmer as it circulates through the home; then it flows
back to the central air conditioner through return ducts and registers. To learn
how central air conditioners compare to other cooling system
HEATING VENTILATING AIR CONDITIONING
Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC systems) account for 39%

of the energy used in commercial buildings in the United States. Consequently,

almost any business or government agency has the potential to realize significant
savings by improving its control of HVAC operations and improving the efficiency
of the system it uses.
The use of high performance HVAC equipment can result in considerable

energy, emissions, and cost savings (10%–40%). Whole building design coupled
with an "extended comfort zone" can produce much greater savings (40%–70%).
Extended comfort includes employing concepts such as providing warmer, but
drier air using desiccant dehumidification in summer, or cooler air with warmer
windows and warmer walls in winter. In addition, high-performance HVAC can
provide increased user thermal comfort, and contribute to improved indoor
environmental quality (IEQ).
Heating can be accomplished by heating the air within a space (e.g.

supply air systems, perimeter fin-tube "radiators"), or by heating the occupants
directly by radiation (e.g. floor/ceiling/wall radiation or radiant panels).
Ventilating maintains an adequate mixture of gases in the air we breath

(e.g. not too much CO2), controls odors, and removes contaminants from
occupied spaces. "Clean" air helps keep occupants healthy and productive.
Ventilation can be accomplished passively through natural ventilation, or actively
through mechanical distribution systems powered by fans.
Air-conditioning refers to the sensible and latent cooling of air. Sensible

cooling involves the control of air temperature while latent cooling involves the
control of air humidity. Room air is cooled by transferring heat between spaces,
such as with a water loop heat pump system, or by rejecting it to the outside air
via air-cooled or water-cooled equipment. Heat can also be rejected to the
ground using geothermal exchange. Cool air is not comfortable if it is too humid.

Air is dehumidified by condensing its moisture on a cold surface, such as part of

mechanical cooling), or by removing the moisture through absorption (desiccant
dehumidification). In dry climates, humidification may be required for comfort
instead of dehumidification. Evaporative humidification also cools the air. Further,
in such climates it is possible to use radiant cooling systems, similar to the
radiant heating systems mentioned above.
Controls ensure occupant comfort, provide safe operation of the

equipment, and in a modern HVAC control system enable judicious use of
energy resources. HVAC systems are sized to meet heating and cooling loads
that historically occur only 1% to 2.5% of the time. It is the function of the controls
to ensure that the HVAC systems perform properly, reliably, and efficiently during
those conditions that occur 97.5% to 99% of the time.
VENTILATION SYSTEM
Variable Air Volume System
A system that vary the amount of air supplied to a zone while holding the
supply air temperature constant. This strategy saves fan energy and uses less
reheat than in a CAV system. VAV systems, however, can have problems assuring
uniform space temperature at low airflow rates. At times, the minimum airflow
required for ventilation or for proper temperature control may be higher than is
required to meet the space load. When this occurs reheat may be required.

Chapter 4
Design and Layouts

TYPE OF AC DESIGN
Packaged Central Air Conditioner
Packaged central air conditioner, the evaporator, condenser, and

compressor are all located in one cabinet, which usually is placed on a roof or on
a concrete slab next to the house's foundation. This type of air conditioner also is
used in small commercial buildings. Air supply and return ducts come from
indoors through the home's exterior wall or roof to connect with the packaged air
conditioner, which is usually located outdoors. Packaged air conditioners often
include electric heating coils or a natural gas furnace. This combination of air
conditioner and central heater eliminates the need for a separate furnace
indoors.
Installation and Location of Air Conditioners
If your air conditioner is installed correctly, or if major installation problems

are found and fixed, it will perform efficiently for years with only minor routine
maintenance. However, many air conditioners are not installed correctly. As an
unfortunate result, modern energy-efficient air conditioners can perform almost
as poorly as older inefficient models.
When installing a new central air conditioning system, be sure that your
contractor:
 Allows adequate indoor space for the installation, maintenance, and

repair of the new system, and installs an access door in the furnace
or duct to provide a way to clean the evaporator coil
 Uses a duct-sizing methodology such as the Air Conditioning
Contractors of America (ACCA) Manual D

 Ensures there are enough supply registers to deliver cool air and
enough return air registers to carry warm house air back to the air
conditioner
 Installs duct work within the conditioned space, not in the attic,
wherever possible
 Seals all ducts with duct mastic and heavily insulates attic ducts
 Locates the condensing unit where its noise will not keep you or
your neighbors awake at night, if possible
 Locates the condensing unit where no nearby objects will block
airflow to it
 Verifies that the newly installed air conditioner has the exact
refrigerant charge and airflow rate specified by the manufacturer
 Locates the thermostat away from heat sources, such as windows
or supply registers.
If you are replacing an older or failed split system, be sure that the
evaporator coil is replaced with a new one that exactly matches the condenser
coil in the new condensing unit
OPERATION
Central air conditioners circulate cool air through a system of supply and
return ducts. Supply ducts and registers (i.e., openings in the walls, floors, or
ceilings covered by grills) carry cooled air from the air conditioner to the home.
This cooled air becomes warmer as it circulates through the home; then it flows
back to the central air conditioner through return ducts and registers.
Air conditioners help to dehumidify the incoming air, but in extremely

humid climates or in cases where the air conditioner is oversized, it may not

achieve a low humidity. Running a dehumidifier in your air conditioned home will
increase your energy use, both for the dehumidifier itself and because the air
conditioner will require more energy to cool your house. A preferable alternative
is a dehumidifying heat pipe, which can be added as a retrofit to most existing
systems
MAINTENANCE
An air conditioner's filters, coils, and fins require regular maintenance for
the unit to function effectively and efficiently throughout its years of service.
Neglecting necessary maintenance ensures a steady decline in air conditioning
performance while energy use steadily increases.
Air Conditioner Filters
The most important maintenance task that will ensure the efficiency of
your air conditioner is to routinely replace or clean its filters. Clogged, dirty filters
block normal airflow and reduce a system's efficiency significantly. With normal
airflow obstructed, air that bypasses the filter may carry dirt directly into the
evaporator coil and impair the coil's heat-absorbing capacity. Replacing a dirty,
clogged filter with a clean one can lower your air conditioner's energy
consumption by 5% to 15%.
For central air conditioners, filters are generally located somewhere along
the return duct's length. Common filter locations are in walls, ceilings, furnaces,
or in the air conditioner itself. Room air conditioners have a filter mounted in the
grill that faces into the room.
Some types of filters are reusable; others must be replaced. They are
available in a variety of types and efficiencies. Clean or replace your air
conditioning system's filter or filters every month or two during the cooling

season. Filters may need more frequent attention if the air conditioner is in
constant use, is subjected to dusty conditions, or you have fur-bearing pets in the
house.
Air Conditioner Coils
The air conditioner's evaporator coil and condenser coil collect dirt over
their months and years of service. A clean filter prevents the evaporator coil from
soiling quickly. In time, however, the evaporator coil will still collect dirt. This dirt
reduces airflow and insulates the coil, reducing its ability to absorb heat. To avoid
this problem, check your evaporator coil every year and clean it as necessary.
Outdoor condenser coils can also become very dirty if the outdoor
environment is dusty or if there is foliage nearby. You can easily see the
condenser coil and notice if dirt is collecting on its fins.
You should minimize dirt and debris near the condenser unit. Your dryer
vents, falling leaves, and lawn mower are all potential sources of dirt and debris.
Cleaning the area around the coil, removing any debris, and trimming foliage
back at least 2 feet (0.6 meters) allow for adequate airflow around the condenser.
Coil Fins
The aluminum fins on evaporator and condenser coils are easily bent and
can block airflow through the coil. Air conditioning wholesalers sell a tool called a
"fin comb" that will comb these fins back into nearly original condition.
Condensate Drains
Occasionally pass a stiff wire through the unit's drain channels. Clogged
drain channels prevent a unit from reducing humidity, and the resulting excess
moisture may discolor walls or carpet.

Window Seals for Room Air Conditioners
At the start of each cooling season, inspect the seal between the air
conditioner and the window frame to ensure it makes contact with the unit's metal
case. Moisture can damage this seal, allowing cool air to escape from your
house.
Hiring a Professional
When your air conditioner needs more than regular maintenance, hire a
professional service technician. A well-trained technician will find and fix
problems in your air conditioning system.
The technician should:
Check for correct amount of refrigerant

Test for refrigerant leaks using a leak detector
Capture any refrigerant that must be evacuated from the system, instead
of illegally releasing it to the atmosphere
Check for and seal duct leakage in central systems
Measure airflow through the evaporator coil
Verify the correct electric control sequence and make sure that the
heating system and cooling system cannot operate simultaneously
Inspect electric terminals, clean and tighten connections, and apply a
non-conductive coating if necessary
Oil motors and check belts for tightness and wear
Check the accuracy of the thermostat.

TOPOGRAPHICAL VIEW

FLOORPLAN

DUCTING SYSTEM LAYOUT

GANTT CHART
Canvassing of Material
Ordering and receipt of Unit
Time of Delivery
Preparing for Installation
Installation
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
No. of Weeks

Chapter 5
Design Computations

Design Computation of Heat Load
The cooling load computations of the BPSU Multi-Purpose Building

base on the following criteria;
1. Period of Equipment operation :12 hours
2. Location : 14.35o North Latitude

3. Design Day : October – November , 2pm
4. Outdoor Design : 35 oC DB and 22oC WB

5. Room Design : 20oC and 50% RH
6. Outdoor air : 40%
7. Recirculated air : 60%
8. Area of Multi-Purpose Building : 818.92 m2
The following discussion, explain and outline the procedure in determining

the heat gains through various parts of the Multi-Purpose Building. For outdoor
load, such as the sunray entering windows; the sunray striking the wall and roofs;
the air temperature outside the conditioned infiltrator space thru; windows,
partitions, and floors; air vapor pressure, a higher vapor pressure surrounding
conditioned space causes water vapor to flow thru the Multi-Purpose Building
materials.
Note: Significant only in low dew point application; the wind blowing against
the side of the Multi-Purpose Building wind causes outdoor that is higher in
temperature and moisture; and contact to infiltrate thru the cracks around the
door and windows. For internal loads, such as people, lights, appliances,
electrical calculating machine, electric motors, hot pipes and tanks, and
miscellaneous sources like papers, textiles, etc.

Table 4.4 Stoecker , page 69
Thermal Resistance of Materials | R,m2 k/w ,R
Ouside Air Firm = 0.029

Concrete block, sand and gravel =0.18
Air Space =0.17
Cement Plaster – 12mm =0.01668
Steel =0.32
Inside Air Firm =0.12
Total Thermal Resistance, Rt = 0.83568 R,m2 k/w
Front Wall
A1. (Front Wall)

Roof (Bigger Half)
Ar1 = 1/2BH
= 1/2 (5)(16.6)
Ar1 = 41.5 sq.m
Roof(Smaller Half)
Ar2 = 1/2 BH
= 1/2 (5.88)(7)
Ar2 = 20.5 sq.m
Art = 62.08 sq.m
Top Roof Beam to Ground Floor Line

A2 =BH
= 23.60(8)
A2 = 188.8 sq.m
Glass Area
A3. (Right Front Side)

A3 = 7.5(5)
= 36 sq.m
A4. (Left Front Side)

A4 = 11.6 (4)
= 424.4 sq.m
A5.(Glass Gate)
A5. = 5.33(3)
= 15.99 sq.m
Front Concrete Wall Area

Afw = (Ar + A2) – (A3+A4+A5)
= (62.4 + 188.8) – (36 + 44.24 + 15.99)
= 154.65 sq.m
Heat Transfer Through Front Wall , Qfw

Qfw = Afw (t1-t2)/Rt
Qfw = 154.64 sq.m(35ᵒC -22ᵒC)/0.83568 R,m2 k/w
Qfw = 2405.6098 W
Heat Transfer on Glass

From Table 4.4 Stoecker , page 69
Heat Transfer on Glass (right side)

QA3 =UA3 (t1-t2)
QA3 = 5.9(36 sq.m)(35ᵒC -22ᵒC)
QA3 = 2761.2 W
Heat Transfer Through Glass (left side)

QA4 =UA4 (t1-t2)
Q A4 = 5.9(46.4 sq.m)(35ᵒC -22ᵒC)
Q A4 = 3558.88 W
Heat Transfer Through Glass (Gate)

QA5 =UA5 (t1-t2)
Q A5 = 5.9(15.99 sq.m)(35ᵒC -22ᵒC)

Q A5 = 1226.433 W
Total Heat Transmitted Through Front Wall

Qtfw = 2405.6098 W + 2761.2 W + 3558.88 W + 1226.433 W
Qtfw = 9786.4448 W
Left Side (Wall)

A6 =BH
= 30(8)
A6 = 240 sq.m
Multi-Purpose Hall Left Wall

A7 =BH
= 4.7(8)
A7 = 37.6 sq.m
Door
2.1m by 1m = 2.1 sq.m
Total Left Wall Area

Atlw =(37+240)-2.1
= 275.4 sq.m
Heat Transfer Through Left Wall , Qlw

Qlw = Alw (t1-t2)/Rt
Qlw = 275.4 sq.m(35ᵒC -22ᵒC)/0.83568 R,m2 k/w
Qlw = 4284.1757 W
Thermal Resistance Of Material (Door)
Wood, Plywoos. 10mm 0.10| R,m2 k/w ,R

Air space 0.17| R,m2 k/w ,R

Heat Transfer Through Door , QD

QD = AD (t1-t2)/Rt
QD = 2.1 sq.m(35ᵒC -22ᵒC)/0.10+0.17 R,m2 k/w
QD = 101.11 W
Total Heat Transfer At Left Wall

Qtlw = 4284.1757 +101.11
= 4385.2757 W
Right Side (Wall)

A8 =BH
= 30(8)
A8 = 240 sq.m
Multi-Purpose Hall Right Wall

A9 =BH
= 4.7(8)
A9 = 37.6 sq.m
Total Left Wall Area
Atlw =(37+240)
= 277.6 sq.m
Heat Transfer Through Right Wall , Qlw

Qlw = Alw (t1-t2)/Rt
Qlw = 277.6 sq.m(35ᵒC -22ᵒC)/0.83568 R,m2 k/w
Qlw = 4318.399 W

Total Heat Transfer At Right Wall

Qtlw = 4318.399 W
Rear Wall
A10. (Front Wall)
Roof (Bigger Half)
Ar1 = 1/2BH
= 1/2 (5)(16.6)
Ar1 = 41.5 sq.m
Roof(Smaller Half)
Ar2 = 1/2 BH
= 1/2 (5.88)(7)
Ar2 = 20.5 sq.m
Art = 62.08 sq.m
Top Roof Beam to Ground Floor Line

A2 =BH
= 23.60(8)
A2 = 188.8 sq.m
Total Rear Wall Area

Atbw = 62.8 + 188.8 sq.m
= 250.88 sq.m
Heat Transfer Through Rear Wall , Qlw

Qrw = Arw (t1-t2)/Rt

Qrw = 250.88 sq.m(35ᵒC -22ᵒC)/0.83568 R,m2 k/w
Qrw = 3902.738 W
Lighting
Q = Lamp rating(Fu)(Fb)(CLF)
Fu = Utilization Factor
Fb = Ballast Factor
CLF = Cooling Load Factor
Total number of light = 20
Lamp rating = 40 watts
CLF = .93(taken from table 4-6,pg 72, stoecker)
Fb = 1.2 (taken from page 72, stoecker)
Fu = 70% are in use
Q = 40watts(.70)(1.2)(.93)
Q = 34.18watts/light
Q = 34.18 x total no. of lights
Q = 34.18 x 20
Q = 624.96 watts

People
Total number of people = 500 people
Heat gain from occupants from pg. 73 Table 4-7 Refrigeration and
Air-conditioning by Stoecker and Jones
QT= 500 (100)(0.86)

QT= 43000 Watts
Qs= 0.60(43000)
Qs= 25800 Watts
QL= QT- Qs
QL= 43000-25800
QL= 17200 Watts
Roof
c2=a2+b2
c=√5.882+72
=9.14m
Roof (left side)

Arl= 9.14 x 4.70
= 42.96 sq.m

Arl= 9.14 x 30
= 258 sq.m
Atrl = 42.96 + 258
= 300.96 sq.m
Roof (right side)

c2 =a2+b2
c =√5 2+16.62
= 17.33m
Arr= 17.33 x 30
= 519.9 sq.m
Heat Transfer Through Roof
Board and slab,glass fiber, 27.7 | R,m2 k/w, R

organic bond
Qroof = Ar (t1-t2)/Rt
= (300.96 + 519.9)(35-22)/27.7 R,m2 k/w
Qroof = 385.306 W
Flooring
Afloor = LW
Afloor = 30 by 23.6
= 708 sq.m

Heat Transfer Through Flooring

Rt= Rt on walls
Qfloor = Ar (t1-t2)/Rt
= (708 sq.m)(28-22)/ 0.83568 R,m2 k/w
= 5083.28W
Bleachers
Ab = LW+ BH
Ab =6 by 27.45 + 3.65 by 27.47
Ab = 164.7 + 100.27
Ab = 264.97 sq.m
Heat Transfer Through Bleachers
Hardwood(maple, oak, etc) 6.31| R,m2 k/w, R
QBleachers = Ab (t1-t2)/Rt
= (264.97 sq.m)(35-22/6.31 R,m2 k/w
= 545.89W
Ventillation
Refer to pg. 62, Table 4-1 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning by Stoecker
Total number of person = 300

Ventilation requirements for every person
For non-smoking = 2.5(500) = 1250 L/s
= 01.25 m3/ s
MD= v/v‘
MD = 1.25 / 0.901 m3/kg air
MD= 1.39kg air / s
Qs= (1.39)(1.0062)(35-22)
Qs= 18.18Watts
QL= (1250)( 1.39)(0.0216-0.0098)
QL= 20.5Watts
Qt= 38.68 W
Infiltration
Based on pg. 67, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning by Wilbert

Stoecker and Jerold W. Jones.
Sensible Heat Load Due to Infiltration
Qis= 1.23 Q (t0-ti)

Latent Heat Load due to Infiltration
QiL= 3000 Q (W0-Wi)

Where:
Q= Volumetric Flow Rate of Outside Air, L/s
W= Humidity Ratio, Water to Air, kg/kg
Thus, Q= Number of Air Changes; from p. 70
Q= a+b(r)+c(to-ti)
Where:
a= 0.20
b= 0.015 p. 70, Table 4 – 5 for Average Construction c= 0.014
to= 35 0C Wo= 0.0216 kg/kg; From the computation
ti= 22 0C Wi= 0.0098 on ventilation

v= wind velocity
Assume: v= 3.35 m/s
a, b, c= experimentally determined
constants Q= 0.20 + 0.015(3.35) + 0.014 (35
– 22)
Q= 0.43225 L/s ; then substitute in Qis and Qil
Qis= 1.23(0.43225) (35 – 22)
Qis=6. 911 J/s
Qil= 3000(0.43225) (0.0216 – 0.0098)
Qil= 15.30 J/s
QiT= (Qis+ Qil) = (6. 911+ 15.30) = 22.211 J/s
Particulars Sensible (W) Latent (W) Total (W)
Bleachers 545.89W 545.89W

Wall
Front Wall(including glass) 9786.4448 W 9786.4448 W

Left Wall 4284.1757 W 4284.1757 W
Right Wall 4318.399 W 4318.399 W
Rear Wall 3902.738 W 3902.738 W
Flooring 5083.28W 5083.28W
Roof 385.306 W 385.306 W
Lightings 624.96 W 624.96 W
People 17200 W 25800 W 43000 W
Ventilation 7.35 W 10.85 W 18.2 W
Infiltration 6. 911 W 15.30 W 22.211 W
Total 46145.4545W 25826.15W 71971.60W
Design Computation of Duct System

Recommended velocities by ASHRAE p. 378
For School, theaters and Public Buildings
Outdoor Air Intake 2.54 m/s 500 FPM
Filters 1.524 m/s 300 FPM
Heating Coils 2.54 m/s 500 FPM
Cooling Coils 2.54 m/s 500 FPM
Air Washers 2.54 m/s 500 FPM
Fan Outlets 6.10-6.602 1200-1300 FPM
Main Duct 5.10-6.602 1000-1300 FPM
Branch Ducts (Return Ducts) 6.10-6.602 600-900FPM
Branch Riser 3.05-3.56 600-1300FPM
A. Supply Duct:

Required: Size of the Ducting system and the total friction losses.
Compute the CFM of the Complex
V=Ms/Vs = CFM
Where: Ms=Qs/Cp( T) ; T= (Ts – Troom)
Cp= 1.0062Kj/Kg ᵒC
For Qs= since this is centralized air conditioning design, Q s maybe solved
by dividing Qt of the building.
For Vs= from psychrometric chart, p. 118: Mechanical Engineering Tables

and Charts (SI Units) second edition.

T= 22ᵒC T=35ᵒC

From Ms = V/ Vs
Where:
Ms=(Qs/room)/ Cp : T= (35-22)
DUCTING SPECIFICATIONS
Duct Dimensions width
Velocity on duct, V main
V main Branch
V branch
Volume Flowrate, Q main
4x Height
6.5 m/s
4.5 m/s

2.5 m/s
Q, main Branch

2m3/s
Q branch
1m3/s
A. DETERMINATION OF DUCT SIZE
1. FOR MAIN DUCT
A= Q/V
Where:
A= cross sectional area
= WxH
And W= .789/H
But,
W=4/H

Therefore:
4H= 0.789/H
H = √0.716/4
W= 4 (0.439)
=1.75 m
Therefore:
Main duct dimension
A= H x W
=439 mm x 1750mm
2. FOR MAIN BRANCH
A= Q/V

Where:
A= cross sectional area
3
Q= 2m / s
V= 4.5 m/s
Therefore:
A= 2/4.5
=.444m2
Also
A= WH
W= .444/H
But;
W=4H
H = √.444/4
= 0.333
Also

W= 4 (.166)
=1.332
Therefore:
Duct size or dimensions
A = HxW
=333mm x 1332mm
3. FOR BRANCH
DUCT A= Q/V
Where:
A= Cross sectional
Area Q= Volume flow
3
rates = 1 m /s
V= Air Velocity

Therefore:
A= 1/2.5
=0.4
Also:
A= W/H
W=A/H
=0.4/H
But; W= 4H
H = √0.4/4
=0.316
Also:
W= 4(0.316)
= 1.264

Therefore:
Duct size or Dimension

A= H x W
= 316 mm x 1264 mm
DETERMINATION OF PRESSURE DROP FROM SUDDEN
CONTRACTION
Ducting Length:
A= 2.5m K =4. 5m
B =9m L = 4.5m
C=9m M =6.25m
D= 6.25m O = 9m
E= 4.5m P =2.5m
F = 4.5m
G=6.25m
H = 9m
I = 9m
J = 6.25m
Fitting data: Elbow, inner, and outer radii ratio = 0.20
For Main Duct (A,D,G,J,M,P)

Q= 5m3/s A = (0.439)(1.750)
Stoecker page 108, equation (6-8)
Deq-f = 1.30(ab)0.625/(a+b)0.25
Deq-f = 1.30((0.439)(1.750))0.625/((0.439+1.750))0.25
= 0.90 m
At figure 6-2 stoecker = 0.90 m , Q= 5m3/s
P/L = 0.81 Pa/m
La= Lp = 2.5m
P= 0.81 Pa/m ( 2.5 m)
P= 2.025 Pa x 2 = 4.05 Pa
Ld+ Ld+ Ld+ Ld = 6.5m
P= 0.81 Pa/m ( 6.5 m)
P= 5.256 Pa x 4 = 21.06 Pa

For Main Branch (B,C,H,I,Q,O)
Q= 2m3/s A = (0.333)(1.332)
Deq-f = 1.30(ab)0.625/(a+b)0.25
Deq-f = 1.30((0.333)(1.332))0.625/((0.333)(1.332))0.25
= 0.69 m
P/L = 0.5 Pa/m
Lb= Lc = Lh= Li= Lq= L0 = 9m
P= 0.5 Pa/m ( 9 m)
P= 4.5 Pa x 6 = 27 Pa
For Sub Branch (E,F,K,L,R)

Q= 1m3/s A = (0.316)(1.265)
Deq-f = 1.30(ab)0.625/(a+b)0.25
Deq-f = 1.30((0.316)(1.265))0.625/((0.316)(1.265))0.25
= 0.65 m
P/L = 0.15 Pa/m
Le = Lf = Lk= Ll= Lr= 4.5m
P= 0.15 Pa/m ( 4.5 m)
P= 0.675 Pa x 5 = 3.375 Pa
For Main Branch Takeoff ( AB , AC , GH , GI , MO , MQ)
Velocity Ration = Vsub branch / Vmain branch = 4.5m/s / 6.5 m/s
= 0.69

Figure 6-11 Stoecker, page 115 β = 90° ; Ratio = 0.69
P= 2.5Pa x 6
Pmain = 15 Pa
For Sub Branch Takeoff ( DE , DF , JK , JL , PR)
Velocity Ration = Vsub branch / Vmain branch = 2.5m/s / 6.5 m/s
= 0.38
Figure 6-11 Stoecker, page 115 β = 90° ; Ratio = 0.38
P= 7.3Pa x 5
PSub = 36.5 Pa
Ptotal = 4.05 + 21.06 + 27 + 3.375 + 15 + 36.5
Ptotal = 106.99 Pa
DETERMINATION OF PRESSURE DROP FROM TURNS AND ELBOWS
PLOSS= ( V2/2)2 X ρ (geometric factor) x No. of Elbows
ELBOWS FROM MAIN DUCT TO MAIN BRANCH DUCT

W/H = (1.7/0.423) x ( 1.75 / 0.439)
From figure 6-8, RAC by Stoecker, P113 for W/H= 4 and Ri/Ro= 0.2
Geometric factor = 0.5
Therefore:
Ploss = (6.5/2)2 x 1.2041 x 0.5
=12.72 x 6
=76.32 Pa
ELBOWS FROM MAIN DUCT TO SUB BRANCH DUCT
W/H = (1.7/0.423) x ( 1.75 / 0.439)
From figure 6-8, RAC by Stoecker, P113 for W/H= 4 and Ri/Ro= 0.2
Geometric factor = 0.75
Therefore:
Ploss = (2.5/2)2 x 1.2041 x 0.75
=1.41 x 5

=7.05Pa
Therefore: PDT = 76.32 Pa + 7.05Pa
= 83.37 Pa
OVERALL TOTAL PRESSURE LOSS IN THE SYSTEM, (OPLS)
OPLS= PL DUE TO LENGTH + PL DUE TO SUDDEN CONTRACTION +

PL TURNS AND ELBOWS
OPLS= 52.11Pa + 54.88Pa + 83.37Pa

= 190.36 Pa
FOR THE HEAT LOSS DUE TO PRESSURE DROP , (QS)
Q s= OPLS x VFL
Where:
2
VFL= 5 m /s, as assumed volume flowrate
Therefore:
3
Qs = 190.36 Pa x 5 m/s
= 951.8 W

The Summary of the Total Cooling Load
Total Heat Load = Total sensible + Total latent heat
Factor of Safety= 71.97160KWx 5%(safety of factor)

= 3.60 Kw
Tons of refrigeration = 71.97160KW + 3.60 KW / 3.52 KW per TR
Gross Total Heat Load = 21.47TR

BILL OF MATERIALS
Air Handling Unit Condensing Unit
Specifications
Weight 1050 Pounds (lbs)
Length 100.5 Inches (In)
Width 32.625 Inches (In)
Height 65.5625 Inches (In)
Hazardous Material No
EPA Cert Required No
Air Flow 16800 m3/h

Blower Motor HP 7 1/2 HP
Blower Motor RPM 1760
Brand Carrier
Certifications AHRI Certified
CFM 10000
CFM Cooling 7500-10000
Circuit Breaker - Max Amps 30
Color Gray
Cycle/Hertz 60
Energy Star Rated Yes
ETL Certified No
ETL Listed Yes
Filter Size (4) 20" x 24" x 2"
Fins per Inch 15
ISO Code MX
Liquid Line Fitting Flare
Liquid Line Size 5/8"
Maximum Fuse Size 30
Metering Device TXV
Minimum Circuit Amps 19
Phase Three
Product Family 40RUA

Refrigerant R-410a
Sound Level (dBA) 96.2
Suction Line Fitting Flare
Suction Line Size 1 3/8"
Tier Gemini
Tonnage 25
Voltage 460 VAC
Warranty Offered 5 Year Limited Parts
Price: 586,750 Php
Total Price = 586,750Php (1unit only)
For the number of GI sheet needed:
Main duct
A= H x W
=439 mm x 1750mm
P= 2H + 2 W
= 2(0.439) + 2(1.750)
=4.378m
Number of Gi Sheet = Perimeter of duct x Length /Gi sheet area

N = 4.378m x 32 m/ (2.00m by 0.60m)

= 116.75 or 117 sheets

Main Branch
A= HxW
=333mm x 1332mm
P= 2H + 2 W
= 2(0.333) + 2(1.332)
=3.33m
Number of Gi Sheet = Perimeter of duct x Length x Gi sheet area

N = 3.33m x 54m /(2.00m by 0.60m)
=149.85 or 150 sheets
Sub Branch
A= H x W
= 316 mm x 1264 mm
P= 2H + 2 W
= 2(0.316) + 2(1.264)
=3.16
Number of Gi Sheet = Perimeter of duct x Length/ Gi sheet area

N = 3.16m x 22.5m /(2.00m by 0.60m)
=59.24 or 60 sheets

Total GI sheet needed for Ducting

=117 + 150 + 60
=327 sheets
BILL OF QUANTITY FOR DUCTING

ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT MATERIAL COST
NO.
UNIT TOTAL
COST COST
DUCTING LAYOUT
GI SHEETS GAUGE 20
2000 x 600 mm 327 Sheets 1,100 359,700
HANGER ANDSUPPORT
ANGLE BAR
1 ½‖ x 3/16‖ X 20‘ 20 Pcs. 440 8,800
FULL THREAD ROD
½‖ x 10‘ 25 Pcs. 350 8,750
FLAT BAR
3/16‖ x 1‖ x 20‘ 80 Pcs. 160 12,800
EXPANSION BOLT
5/8‖ HOLE 110 Pcs. 25 2,750
NUTS AND WASHERS
12mm 75 Pcs. 2 150
BOLTS AND NUTS
12mm 520 Pcs. 5 2,600
SUB-TOTAL 35,850
Total 395,550

Total Building Cost = Total Price of AC unit + Total Bill of Quantity for Ducting
Total Building Cost = 395,500 + 586750
= 982,300 Php
For Contractor Builder at 10% of Total Building Cost:
=982,300 x 10% = 98,230 Php
TOTAL COST OF PROJECT DESIGN = (total bill of materials + Contractor Builder +

total price of AC unit)
TOTAL COST OF PROJECT DESIGN = 395,500 + 98,230 +586,750

= 1,080,530 Php

SALVAGE VALUE
YEAR YEAR IN DEPRECIATION DEPRECIATION BOOK VALUE

REVERSE DURING THE AT THE END
YEAR OF THE YEAR
1 15 15/120 58,675 528,075 PHP
2 14 14/120 54,763 473,312 PHP
3 13 13/120 50,852 422,460 PHP
4 12 12/120 46,940 375,520 PHP
5 11 11/120 43,028 332,492 PHP
6 10 10/120 39,117 293,375 PHP
7 9 9/120 35,205 258,170 PHP
8 8 8/120 31,293 226,877 PHP
9 7 7/120 27,381 199,496 PHP
10 6 6/120 23,470 176,028 PHP
11 5 5/120 19,558 156,468 PHP
12 4 4/120 15,645 140,823 PHP
13 3 3/120 11,735 129,088 PHP
14 2 2/120 7,823 121,265 PHP
15 1 1/120 3,912 117,350 PHP
15 -20 YEARS USEFUL LIFE
1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15= 120
CO-CL= 568,750-117,350=469,400 PHP
Book Value of the AC unit after 15 years = 177,350 PHP
Computation of Operational Cost of the AC Unit
With the Generation Charge rate based on the rate of PENELCO, January 2018 .
Estimated Power No.

Generation no. of Total Cost

Operating Consumption of
Month Charge hours per Month
Weeks of the AC AC
(PhP/Kwh) turned on (Php)
Unit (KW) Units
per week
January 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
February 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
March 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
April 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
May 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
June 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
July 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
August 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
September 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
October 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
November 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
December 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
TOTAL COST Php

PER YEAR 237,292.09
Calculation for the Maintenance Cost:
Estimated Maintenance Cost/Year = (35%) (Total Operational Cost per Year)

= (.35) (Php 237,292.09)
Estimated Maintenance Cost/Year = Php 83,052.23

Chapter 6
Conclusion, Recommendation and References
Conclusion
As a conclusion, we conclude that accuracy of the computations are very

important, the computations for the cooling load capacity could affect the
effectiveness of the Air Conditioning design. Central air conditioners are more
efficient than room air conditioners. In addition, they are out of the way, quiet,
and convenient to operate. To save energy and money,

Recommendation
Central air conditioners are more efficient than room air conditioners it is
the best type of air conditioning used in large buildings like a Multi-Purpose
Building. In addition, they are out of the way, quiet, and convenient to operate. To
save energy and money, you should try to buy an energy-efficient air conditioner
and reduce your central air conditioner's energy use. In an average air-
conditioned building, air conditioning consumes more than 2,000 kilowatt-hours
of electricity per year, causing power plants to emit about 3,500 pounds of
carbon dioxide and 31 pounds of sulfur dioxide.
If your air conditioner is installed correctly, or if major installation problems

are found and fixed, it will perform efficiently for years with only minor routine
maintenance. However, many air conditioners are not installed correctly. As an
unfortunate result, modern energy-efficient air conditioners can perform almost
as poorly as older inefficient models.
Reference
“Refrigeration and Air Conditioning” Book by Wilbert F. Stoecker and

Jerold W. Jones
PRIME‘s Mechanical Engineering Pocket Reference Manual, RS Capote

and JA Mandawe

The 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook, F28, R.Alvine, J.Norman,
https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/central-air-conditioning
https://www.carrierenterprise.com/air-handler-puron-25t-40ruaa28a5a6-
0a0a0
https://www.wbdg.org/resources/high-performance-hvac?
fbclid=IwAR2fR26mVTw3M_Xu2rThcvCmLghJoL7M47mNbGm40WiTkZQpJ0VN
Y3HZ2Dc
https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/central-air-conditioning
https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/maintaining-your-air-conditioner
https://www.cedengineering.com/userfiles/How%20to%20Size%20and
%20Design%20Ducts.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3s4dVwdG-KIul5h2KMC29wV-
ssQ7iKzfJHuZ0EQu3Rvh0SYWZVyPffoEg

ACD THESIS FINALE No.4 1

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BATAAN HEROES MEMORIAL COLLEGE

Roman Super Highway, Province of Bataan, City of Balanga 2100

25 TR Packaged Type Centralized Air-

Conditioning System of BPSU Balanga

Campus Multi-Purpose Building

Chapter 1 Problem and its Background........................................................................5

Statement of the Problem............................................................................................7

Objectives of the Problem...........................................................................................8

Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature........................................................................9

Heat, Ventilating Air-Conditioning............................................................................14

Chapter 4 Design and Layouts.....................................................................................17

Installation and Location of Air Conditioners.........................................................18

Ducting System Layout.............................................................................................25

Chapter 5 Design Computations..................................................................................27

Design Computation of Heat Load...........................................................................28

Design Computation of Duct System.......................................................................42

Chapter 6 Conclusion, Recommendation and References.......................................68

To: Engr. Ramon Christopher Lucas

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Bataan Heroes Memorial College

Dear Sir Lucas:

In adherence to your requisition for the subject - ME 515, Air-Conditioning

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air Conditioning System of BPSU Multi-Purpose Bldg 17

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air Conditioning System of BPSU Multi-Purpose Bldg 17

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air Conditioning System of BPSU Multi-Purpose Bldg 17

We would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to own instructor,

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air Conditioning System of BPSU Multi-Purpose Bldg 17

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air Conditioning System of BPSU Multi-Purpose Bldg 17

In maintaining productivity, air quality is an essential consideration to the

Due to climate change happening, the temperature in our country is

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air Conditioning System of BPSU Multi-Purpose Bldg 17

An example is the BPSU Balanga Campus Multi-Purpose Hall having

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Achieving personal thermal comfort for everyone is a difficult issue

Specifically, the researchers sought to answer the following questions:

1. How important is air-conditioning design in BPSU Balanga Campus Multi-

2. What are the factors to be considered in designing a centralized air-

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air Conditioning System of BPSU Multi-Purpose Bldg 17

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to Design Centralized Air-Conditioning System within

The above aim will be accomplished by fulfilling the following objectives:

 To determine the importance of air-conditioning design to a Multi-Purpose

 To learn the design and installation needs in a Centralized Air-

 To identify the benefits of the users in designing Air-Conditioning System

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air Conditioning System of BPSU Multi-Purpose Bldg 17

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air Conditioning System of BPSU Multi-Purpose Bldg 17

Natural ventilation—uncontrolled air movement into a building through

Buildings, as they are designed and used today, contribute to serious

and ventilation – by providing an optimized mix of passive solar design

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air Conditioning System of BPSU Multi-Purpose Bldg 17

The research paper presents guidelines for evaluation and design of

This axiom implies that houses should be tightly sealed to reduce

The sport hall in Goldbach (Germany), is a typical dual-purpose hall with a

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air Conditioning System of BPSU Multi-Purpose Bldg 17

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air Conditioning System of BPSU Multi-Purpose Bldg 17

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air Conditioning System of BPSU Multi-Purpose Bldg 17

AIR CONDITIONING DESIGN

HEATING VENTILATING AIR CONDITIONING

Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC systems) account for 39%

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air Conditioning System of BPSU Multi-Purpose Bldg 17

The use of high performance HVAC equipment can result in considerable

Heating can be accomplished by heating the air within a space (e.g.