Communication and Signal and Information

Processing Laboratory

Detection Theory Institut für Signal- und

Informationsverarbeitung
Spring Semester 2020
Prof. Dr. A. Lapidoth

Exercise 3 of March 3, 2020

http://www.isi.ee.ethz.ch/teaching/courses/cdt

Problem 1 Separation between Signals

Given u1 , u2 ∈ L2 , let V be the set of all complex signals v that are equidistant to u1 and u2 :

V = v ∈ L2 : kv − u1 k2 = kv − u2 k2 .

(i) Show that

( )

 ku2 k22 − ku1 k22
V= v ∈ L2 : Re v, u2 − u1 = .
2

(ii) Is V a linear subspace of L2 ?

(iii) Show that (u1 + u2 )/2 ∈ V.

Problem 2 Orthogonal Subspace

Given signals v1 , . . . , vn ∈ L2 , define the set

U = u ∈ L2 : hu, v1 i = hu, v2 i = · · · = hu, vn i = 0 .

Show that U is a linear subspace of L2 .

Problem 3 Constructing an Orthonormal Basis

Let Ts be a positive constant. Consider the signals s1 : t 7→ I{0 ≤ t ≤ Ts /2} − I{Ts /2 < t ≤ Ts };
s2 : t 7→ I{0 ≤ t ≤ Ts }; s3 : t 7→ I{0 ≤ t ≤ Ts /4} + I{3Ts /4 ≤ t ≤ Ts }; and s4 : t 7→ I{0 ≤ t ≤
Ts /4} − I{3Ts /4 ≤ t ≤ Ts }.

(i) Plot s1 , s2 , s3 , and s4 .

(ii) Find an orthonormal basis for span(s1 , s2 , s3 , s4 ).

(iii) Express each of the signals s1 , s2 , s3 , and s4 as a linear combination of the basis vectors
found in Part (ii).

c Amos Lapidoth, 2020 1
Problem 4 Expansion of a Function
Expand the function t 7→ sinc2 (t/2) as an orthonormal expansion in the functions

. . . , t 7→ sinc(t + 2), t 7→ sinc(t + 1), t 7→ sinc(t), t 7→ sinc(t − 1), t 7→ sinc(t − 2), . . .

Problem 5 Inner Product with a Bandlimited Signal

Show that if x is an energy-limited signal that is bandlimited to W Hz, and if y ∈ L2 , then
∞
X
∗
hx, yi = Ts x(`Ts ) yLPF (`Ts ),
`=−∞

where yLPF is the result of passing y through an ideal unit-gain lowpass filter of bandwidth W Hz,
and where Ts = 1/(2W).

Problem 6 Inner Product between Passband Signals

Let xPB and yPB be real energy-limited passband signals that are bandlimited to W Hz around
the carrier frequency fc . Let xBB and yBB be their corresponding baseband representations. Let
T = 1/W. Show that
∞
 X 
∗
hxPB , yPB i = 2T Re xBB (`T) yBB (`T) .
`=−∞

c Amos Lapidoth, 2020 2